油价周五大幅飙升至数周来的最高水平，因为投资者正在评估伊朗战争和乌克兰-俄罗斯战争对全球能源供应的影响。布伦特原油价格飙升至每桶109美元以上，这是自9月中旬以来的最高水平。作为全球能源领域最重要的指标之一，油价基准仅相差几美分，即将达到五个月来的最高水平。美国原油价格也影响汽油价格，升至每桶100美元。
Oil prices jumped sharply Friday to their highest levels in weeks, as investors assessed the impact of both the Iran and Ukraine-Russia wars on global energy supplies. Brent crude oil spiked above $109 per barrel, its highest level since mid-September. The oil price benchmark — widely considered to be among the most important figures in global energy — was just a few cents away from its highest level in five months. U.S. crude oil, which also steers gas prices, rose to $100 per barrel.
这是自9月以来，西德克萨斯中质原油首次突破该关口，这一价格受到交易者和公众的密切关注。周五的价格飙升可能会进一步推高美国消费者在未来几天的汽油价格。截至周五早上，全国普通汽油平均价格为每加仑4.32美元。午后交易时段，油价有望在一周内上涨约5%。柴油期货周五也上涨了超过1%。这种对农业和其他工业部门至关重要的商业燃料成本在最近几个月的涨幅甚至超过了普通汽油。
It was the first time West Texas Intermediate crude had crossed that threshold, closely watched by both traders and the public, since September. Friday’s price jumps will likely add to already elevated gasoline prices for U.S. consumers in coming days. As of Friday morning, regular gasoline averaged $4.32 per gallon nationwide. At midafternoon trading levels, oil prices were poised to gain about 5% over the course of the week. Diesel futures also jumped by more than 1% Friday. The cost of this commercial fuel critical for farming and other industrial sectors has risen even faster than regular gasoline in recent months.
股票周五下跌，部分原因是能源价格飙升。标普500指数下跌超过1%，而纳斯达克综合指数在午后交易时段急挫2%。全球燃油价格今年春季开始稳步上涨，当时美国和以色列在2月下旬对伊朗发动袭击，促使霍尔木兹海峡关闭。但最近几个月俄罗斯-乌克兰战争的升级导致柴油价格出现更为剧烈的飙升。俄罗斯一直是世界上最大的柴油出口国之一。
Stocks fell Friday, partly in response to the jump in energy prices. The S&P 500 fell more than 1% while the Nasdaq Composite sharply dropped 2% by midafternoon. The price of fuel around the world began its steady rise this spring, when the U.S. and Israel attacked Iran in late February, prompting the closure of the Strait of Hormuz. But an escalation in the Russia-Ukraine war in recent months has caused an even more dramatic price spike for diesel. Russia has traditionally been one of the world’s largest diesel exporters.
但乌克兰军队对其能源基础设施的袭击使其大部分炼油能力瘫痪。同样，乌克兰的能源资源也遭到俄罗斯的打击。因此，俄罗斯柴油的买家被迫寻找其他燃料来源。
But attack by Ukrainian forces on its energy infrastructure has taken much of its refining capacity offline. Likewise, energy assets in Ukraine have been targeted by Russian strikes. As a result of the strikes, buyers of Russian diesel have been forced to look elsewhere for their fuel supplies.
但目前并没有任何明确机会能轻易扩大柴油产量。美国和欧洲的炼油厂已几乎满负荷运转，以尽可能多地生产柴油。总统唐纳德·特朗普高度关注柴油的高昂成本，因为柴油在推高通胀方面起着关键作用，而通胀是美国选民在11月3日中期选举中的首要议题。特朗普曾施压美国盟友，要求其释放部分柴油和原油储备，他最近还签署了一项命令，放宽对非道路用“红色染料”柴油使用的监管。
But there aren’t any clear opportunities to easily expand diesel production. Refineries in the U.S. and Europe are already running at nearly maximum capacity to churn out as much diesel fuel as possible. President Donald Trump is intensely focused on the high cost of diesel fuel because of its key role in driving up inflation -- a top issue for American voters in the Nov. 3 midterm elections. Trump has pressured U.S. allies to release some of their diesel and crude oil reserves, and he recently signed an order to ease regulations on the use of off-road “red dye” diesel.
当这两项举措均未使柴油价格出现显著下降时，特朗普本月决定放宽对俄罗斯的制裁。其目的是允许俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京将部分俄罗斯供应投放到全球市场。但制裁减免令世界领导人震惊，并迅速招致美国两党议员的谴责。尽管特朗普将与普京的交易宣传为降低价格的方式，但截至周五，尚未发现有实际的俄罗斯柴油进入全球市场。
When neither of these actions resulted in a significant step down for diesel prices, Trump made the decision this month to ease U.S. sanctions on Russia. The goal was to allow Russian President Vladimir Putin to release some of Russia’s supplies to the global market. But the sanctions relief stunned world leaders and drew quick condemnation from U.S. lawmakers in both parties. While Trump has touted the deal with Putin as a way to lower prices, as of Friday, no actual Russian diesel had been identified as having reached the global market.
俄罗斯的炼油基础设施已遭乌克兰打击严重受损。周五，另一家俄罗斯炼油商暂停了部分原油作业。俄罗斯国防部表示，乌克兰“试图对梁赞炼油厂发动大规模袭击”。此外，一群美国议员提出了一项法案，旨在阻止特朗普的俄罗斯柴油交易。该法案在由共和党控制的众议院几乎没有通过的可能。但民调显示，共和党在11月选举后不太可能继续保持众议院多数席位。
Russia’s refining infrastructure has been badly damaged by Ukrainian strikes. On Friday, another Russian refiner suspended some crude oil operations. The Russian Defense Ministry said Ukraine had “attempted a massive attack on the Ryazan oil refinery.”Additionally, a group of American lawmakers introduced a bill that would block Trump’s deal for Russian diesel. It has little chance of passing the Republican-controlled House. But polling indicates that Republicans are unlikely to maintain a majority in the House after November’s elections.
这项阻止俄罗斯柴油的法案预示了在民主党控制下可能推进的立法类型。然而，即便现在，该法案也加剧了“美国—俄罗斯柴油交易可能无法实现的日益增长的疑虑”，富国银行全球实物资产分析师梅森·门德斯表示。
The Russian diesel blocking bill offers a preview of the kind of legislation that could advance under Democratic control. Yet even now, the legislation adds to “growing doubts that a U.S. — Russia diesel deal will come to fruition,” said Mason Mendez, global real assets analyst at Wells Fargo.
“投资者也仍然担心中东地区军事局势进一步升级，因为近几周来对商业航运和地区基础设施的袭击有所增加，”他说。“展望2027年，重建全球库存的需求可能会成为额外的需求来源，并使能源价格长期维持高位。”
“Investors also remain concerned about further military escalation in the Middle East, as attacks on commercial shipping and regional infrastructure have increased in recent weeks,” he said. “Looking into 2027, the need to rebuild depleted global inventories could create an addition source of demand and keep energy prices elevated for longer.”