人工智能（AI）生产遍布全球，但其创造的大部分价值仍然集中在掌握技术设计和知识产权（IP）的企业手中。
Artificial intelligence (AI) production spans the globe, but most of the value it generates remains concentrated among firms that control technology design and intellectual property (IP).
联合国贸易和发展会议（UNCTAD）指出，AI 热潮的利润被卡在供应链的高价值环节。
The profits from the AI boom are bottlenecked at high-value stages of the supply chain, according to the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
世界贸易组织（WTO）预测，2025 年 AI 芯片和服务器约占全球贸易商品的六分之一，贡献了该行业价值增长的 42%。
AI chips and servers made up around one-sixth of global goods in trade in 2025, contributing 42% of the sector’s value-based growth, the World Trade Organization (WTO) projects.
AI 服务器生产涉及广泛的供应链，从采矿到半导体，再到能源设备和冷却系统。
AI server production involves a broad supply chain, from mining to semiconductors and from energy equipment to cooling systems.
参与该过程的每个国家根据其能够参与的具体生产活动获得不同的经济收益。
Each country involved in the process derives varying economic gains based on the specific production activities it can participate in.
智利和秘鲁等国家为 AI 硬件提供原材料，而韩国和台湾主导半导体制造，马来西亚和墨西哥等国家则在最终组装环节处于领先地位。
Countries like Chile and Peru supply raw materials for AI hardware, while South Korea and Taiwan dominate semiconductor manufacturing, and countries like Malaysia and Mexico lead in the final assembly.
例如，UNCTAD 指出，用于生产运行 AI 模型的先进服务器系统的硅、铜和锡的总价值仅占最终售价的 0.2%。
For instance, the total value of the silicon, copper, and tin used to produce advanced server systems running AI models accounted for only 0.2% of the final sales price, according to UNCTAD.
为 AI 技术提供关键原材料的国家仅能获得最终产品经济价值的一小部分。
Countries supplying raw materials critical to AI tech receive only a small share of the final product’s economic value.
UNCTAD 通过分析英伟达 GB200 NVL72 服务器系统的生产过程揭示了这一差距。这一关键的 AI 数据基础设施价值约为 330 万美元。
UNCTAD analyzed the production process of the Nvidia GB200 NVL72 server system to reveal the disparity. The critical piece of AI data infrastructure is valued at around $3.3 million.
该研究追踪了哪些活动和供应商群体贡献了总增值的 87% 以上；在被追踪的约 292 万美元中，68% 为扣除运营成本和税费后的利润。
The research tracked which activities and supplier groups accounted for more than 87% of the total added value; of the around $2.92 million tracked, 68% was profit after deducting operational costs and taxes.
研究表明，绝大部分利润空间直接流向了英伟达，该公司负责设计先进芯片但将实际制造外包。
The research showed that the vast majority of the profit margin flowed directly to Nvidia, which designs advanced chips but outsources physical manufacturing.
同一份报告还发现，仅有 4.3% 的可追踪价值流向了参与服务器系统实际生产的工人。
The same report found that only 4.3% of the traceable value went to workers involved in physically producing the server system.
与此同时，未参与系统实体生产的工人，如企业管理者和设计工程师，占比达9.9%，使得最终产品的劳动份额仅为14.2%。
Meanwhile, workers not involved in physical production of the system, such as corporate managers and design engineers, captured a 9.9% share, bringing the labor share of the final product to a mere 14.2%.
报告发现，虽然人工智能热潮增加了发展中国家的矿产出口，但尚未提升他们在供应链所创造财富中的份额。
The report found that while the AI boom increased mineral exports from developing countries, it has yet to boost their share of the wealth the supply chain generates.
参与系统组装和制造的新兴市场创造了就业机会，但这些活动的经济回报落后于高价值技术设计所产生的回报。
Emerging markets that contribute to assembling and manufacturing the systems create jobs, but the economic returns from these activities lag behind those generated by high-value technology design.
联合国贸发会议于10月9日发布了《贸易与发展报告2026》，呼吁发展中国家将重点从吸引外国投资转向加强本地供应商和培养熟练劳动力。
The UNCTAD published its “Trade and Development Report 2026” on Oct. 9, urging developing countries to shift focus from attracting foreign investment to strengthening local suppliers and cultivating skilled labor.
报告指出，由于该行业需要巨额资本投入并面临地缘政治壁垒，发展中国家很难渗透到人工智能组件生产的上游环节。
It noted that penetrating the upper tiers of AI component production is very difficult for developing countries because the sector requires massive capital and faces geopolitical barriers.