几家乌克兰公司已研制出重型运载无人机，可从战场撤离伤员，但由于风险较大，一名参与这些工作的官员向《商业内幕》表示，此类无人机只应作为最后手段使用。
Several Ukrainian companies have developed heavy-lift drones that can evacuate wounded soldiers from the battlefield, but the risks mean they should be used only as a last resort, an official involved in these efforts told Business Insider.
乌克兰国家支持的创新平台 Brave1 的无人机负责人杰尼斯·洛维年科（Denys Lohvynenko）说，重型运载无人机为在高度危险情况下营救无法自行行走、且其他撤离手段均不可用的伤员提供了一种分秒必争的途径。乌克兰两年前开始研发重型运载无人机，但复杂的技术要求花费了时间才得以解决。
Denys Lohvynenko, the drone chief at Brave1, Ukraine's state-backed innovation platform, said that heavy-lift drones provide a time-sensitive means of rescuing wounded troops in highly dangerous situations where they cannot walk on their own and other evacuation methods are unavailable. Ukraine began developing heavy-lift drones two years ago, but the complex technical requirements took time to iron out.
周一，一支乌克兰军事单位称，已使用一架重型无人机从前线救出一名伤员，完成了其所谓的“首次空中撤离”。地雷的存在和俄军无人机的活动，使得地面机器人——对基辅而言，这是一种日益普遍的伤员撤离方式——难以使用。“在这些情况下，重型运载空中撤离充当了最后手段的生命线，”洛维年科在 Brave1 分享的声明中解释道，Brave1 已支持这些无人机及其他战争技术的研发。
On Monday, a Ukrainian military unit said that it had used a heavy drone to save a wounded soldier from the front lines, carrying out what it described as a "first-ever air evacuation." The presence of land mines and Russian drones rendered the use of ground robots — for Kyiv, an increasingly common method of casualty evacuation — too challenging. "In these situations, heavy-lift aerial evacuation serves as a lifeline of last resort," Lohvynenko explained in remarks shared by Brave1, which has supported the development of these drones and other war technology.
乌克兰第 92 独立突击旅周一表示，士兵们使用乌克兰公司 Gurzuf Defense 生产的一架六旋翼六轴无人机执行了该任务。其他国防企业也在研发类似技术；例如 SkyFall 最近推出了自己的用于撤离的六轴无人机。乌克兰武装部队还将重型运载无人机用于后勤任务，因为它们通常比小型无人机能携带更多货物。
Ukraine's 92nd Separate Assault Brigade said Monday that soldiers used a six-rotor hexacopter made by the Ukrainian company Gurzuf Defense to carry out the mission. Other defense companies are working on similar technology; SkyFall, for instance, recently unveiled its own hexacopter for evacuations. Ukrainian forces also use heavy-lift drones for logistics missions, as they can typically carry more cargo than smaller variants.
一个挑战是，大型无人机是显眼的目标。美国研究机构海军分析中心的无人机作战专家塞缪尔·本德特周一告诉《商业内幕》，某些俄军精锐部队专门致力于击落此类飞行器。
A challenge is that big drones are big targets. Samuel Bendett, a drone warfare expert at the Center for Naval Analyses, a US research organization, told Business Insider on Monday that certain elite Russian military units are focused on downing such aircraft.
洛维年科表示，乌克兰了解在争夺空域内及周边使用大型无人机的风险，这正是大多数前线的情况。因此，他说，这些无人机“仅保留用于高风险、高优先级的紧急情况”。他称，重型运载无人机还配备了所谓的“额外生存系统”，包括电子战和备用通信系统。未来可能安装主动防护系统。洛维年科说：“我们对利用重型运载无人机进行空中人员撤离所涉及的技术和作战挑战保持着现实的看法。”
Lohvynenko said Ukraine understands the risk of using large drones in and around contested airspace, as is the case along most of the front lines. So they are "reserved only for high-risk, high-priority emergencies," he said. The heavy-lift drones have also been equipped with what he described as "additional survivability systems," including electronic warfare and alternative communications. Active protection systems could be installed in the future. "We maintain a realistic view of the technological and operational challenges associated with aerial extraction of personnel via heavy-lift drones," Lohvynenko said.
他接着说：“然而，建立这种技术能力至关重要”，并辩称“战场上挽救的一条生命，就足以证明投入该项目的每一个工程工时和资源都是合理的”。随着乌克兰官员、企业和军事单位寻求在危险的前线任务中尽可能用机器取代士兵，战场伤员撤离对乌克兰而言变得日益机器化。特别是地面机器人，被视为伤员撤离和后勤的关键工具。
"However, establishing this technical capability is essential," he continued, arguing that a "single life saved on the battlefield justifies every engineering hour and resource invested in this program." Combat casualty evacuation has become increasingly robotic for Ukraine as the country's officials, companies, and military units look to replace soldiers with machines in dangerous front-line missions wherever possible. Ground robots, in particular, are seen as crucial tools for casualty evacuation and logistics.
乌克兰国防部上个月表示，由机器人执行的此类任务数量自1月以来已增长两倍多。部署重型运载无人机执行撤离任务——这是一种不同寻常的任务——凸显了乌克兰在非常规战场角色中使用无人系统的努力日益增强。
Ukraine's defense ministry said last month that the number of these kinds of missions carried out by robots has jumped more than threefold since January. The deployment of a heavy-lift drone for an evacuation, an unusual mission, underscores Ukraine's growing efforts to use uncrewed systems in unconventional battlefield roles.