乌克兰军方表示，其对星链卫星使用受阻，正对基辅抵御俄罗斯入侵的防务造成重大影响。此次限速引发了一轮相互指责，焦点多集中在SpaceX面向消费者的星链服务与面向政府用户的星盾服务之间的差异。《华尔街日报》周二报道称，SpaceX首席执行官埃隆·马斯克下令实施限速，并曾在一次通话中与特朗普总统讨论了该决定。
The Ukrainian military says the disruption of its use of Starlink satellites is having a significant impact on Kyiv’s defenses against Russia’s invasion. The slowdown triggered a wave of finger-pointing, much of it focused on the difference between SpaceX’s better-known Starlink service for consumers and its Starshield service for government users. The Wall Street Journal on Tuesday reported that SpaceX CEO Elon Musk ordered the slowdown and discussed the decision in a call with President Trump.
星链是SpaceX的全球性低地球轨道卫星网络，拥有11000多颗卫星，可向全球各地的终端提供宽带服务。星链客户包括农村家庭用户、休闲船主、航空公司——以及数十万乌克兰人。许多平民利用这项相对廉价的卫星服务，在该国宽带基础设施受损的地区保持上网。
Starlink is SpaceX’s global network of more than 11,000 low-Earth-orbit satellites that beam broadband service to terminals around the world. Starlink customers include rural homeowners, recreational boaters, airlines—and hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians. Many civilians use the relatively cheap satellite service to stay online where the country’s broadband infrastructure is damaged.
星盾是SpaceX面向政府提供的更安全的卫星服务。它有两种形式：一是SpaceX为美国国防部定制发射的卫星网络；二是连接商用星链卫星的较低层级、军用级服务。这种较基础的服务提供加密功能，并允许设备以比商用星链账户更快的速度移动。
Starshield is SpaceX’s more secure satellite service for governments. It has two variants: a custom-built satellite network SpaceX launched for the Pentagon; and a lower-tier, military-grade service that connects to commercial Starlink satellites. The more basic service offers encryption features, and allows the equipment to travel at faster speeds than those on a commercial Starlink account.
乌克兰使用的是这种较基础的星盾服务，采用星链的设备。乌克兰的武器——攻击无人机、拦截器和无人艇——需要高速飞行，以拦截俄罗斯的“见证者”型无人机、轰炸俄军后勤并遏制俄入侵部队。据乌克兰军方称，由于SpaceX施加的速度限制，许多此类无人机任务如今正以失败告终。乌克兰军方还利用星链进行战场通信和无人机控制。
Ukraine is using the more basic Starshield service, which uses Starlink’s equipment. Ukraine’s weapons—attack drones, interceptors and uncrewed boats—need to travel at high speeds to intercept Russian Shahed-type drones, bomb the Russian army’s logistics and stall Russia’s invasion force. Many of those drone missions are now failing because of the speed limit imposed by SpaceX, according to the Ukrainian military. Ukraine’s military also uses Starlink to communicate on the battlefield and to control drones.
美国政府拥有由SpaceX运营的实体“星盾”卫星星座，但这并非乌克兰部队正在使用的基础设施。乌克兰军队使用的是一种“星盾即服务”模式——即由SpaceX拥有并控制的基础设施。乌克兰使用的部分“星盾”链路是用美国资金购买的，其中包括2024年签署的一份1.38亿美元合同。本解释性文章可能会定期更新。
The U.S. government owns the physical Starshield satellite constellation that SpaceX operates, but that isn’t the infrastructure that Ukrainian forces are using. Troops there use a kind of “Starshield as a service”—infrastructure owned and controlled by SpaceX. Some of the Starshield links used in Ukraine were bought with U.S. funds, including through a $138 million contract issued in 2024. This explanatory article may be periodically updated.