字号·· | 护眼
半岛电视台

什么是Starshield?是谁限制了乌克兰对其的使用?What is Starshield, and who limited Ukraine’s access to it?

点「原文对照」整页切到原文,或双击某段只看那段的原文。

乌克兰波克罗夫斯克附近前线的一台星链设备[资料图:皮埃尔·克罗姆/盖蒂图片社]A Starlink device on the front line near Pokrovsk in Pokrovsk, Ukraine [File: Pierre Crom/Getty Images]

乌克兰军方的 Starshield 卫星通信服务已经恢复,乌克兰国防部的一位消息人士表示。这一消息是在美国据称限制了该服务几天后发布的。

Ukraine’s military Starshield satellite connection has been restored, a Ukrainian Ministry of Defence source says, just days after the United States reportedly restricted the service.

据路透社报道,基辅方面仍在向 Starshield 的母公司 SpaceX 寻求解释,以了解为何该服务在周二至周三期间会中断。

The Reuters news agency, quoting a source, reported that Kyiv is still seeking clarifications from Starshield’s parent company, SpaceX, as to why its service was disrupted between Tuesday and Wednesday.

在与俄罗斯的战争中,乌克兰依赖 Starshield(SpaceX 提供的军用级互联网服务)来获取情报。Starlink 是由 SpaceX 发射的 11,000 颗卫星组成的卫星网络,能够在偏远地区提供高速互联网连接。

Ukraine relies on Starshield, the military-grade version of SpaceX’s internet service, Starlink, to provide intelligence amid its war with Russia.

SpaceX 的首席执行官埃隆·马斯克否认了该公司与此次服务中断有关;他认为只有美国政府才有可能造成这种中断。尽管唐纳德·特朗普总统坚称华盛顿仍在与基辅分享情报,但马斯克仍持这一观点。以下是相关背景信息:2026 年 10 月 15 日,在乌克兰第聂伯河畔,居民们从一座被俄罗斯空袭击中的房屋中清理残骸。[路透社]

SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has denied the company’s involvement and suggested only the US government could have disrupted it, despite President Donald Trump’s insistence that Washington is still sharing intelligence with Kyiv. Here’s what we know: Residents collect things from a house destroyed in a Russian air strike, on the outskirts of Dnipro, Ukraine, October 15, 2026 [Reuters] What is Starshield?

什么是 Starshield? Starshield 是 Starlink 的衍生服务。Starlink 由 SpaceX 发射到近地轨道的卫星组成,旨在为全球各地提供高速互联网连接。Starshield 于 2022 年推出,并最初被提供给美国政府使用,其主要用途是军事用途——因为它采用了更高级别的加密技术来处理敏感信息。SpaceX 表示,Starshield 主要被美国国防机构及其他“政府合作伙伴”所使用。

Starshield is a sister service to Starlink, an array of 11,000 satellites placed by SpaceX into Earth’s low orbit to provide high-speed internet connectivity even in remote areas. Starshield, launched in 2022 and provided to the US government, is designed for military use as it allows for deeper encryption to process sensitive information. SpaceX says it is primarily used by US defence agencies and other “government partners”.

2026年10月15日,乌克兰第聂伯罗郊外,居民从一栋遭俄罗斯空袭摧毁的房屋中收集物品[路透社]Residents collect things from a house destroyed in a Russian air strike, on the outskirts of Dnipro, Ukraine, October 15, 2026 [Reuters]

乌克兰为何无法使用 Starshield?周二,乌克兰国防官员表示他们失去了对卫星通信系统的访问权限,这种中断影响了军事行动。此次中断发生在俄罗斯发动大规模攻击之后——俄罗斯使用了超过 100 架无人机和 5 枚弹道导弹袭击了乌克兰,而乌克兰方面并未收到任何预警。

Ukraine’s military relies on Starshield, especially to guide its drones, on which it relies heavily to attack Russia. What happened to Ukraine’s access to Starshield? On Tuesday, Ukrainian defence officials said they had lost access to important satellite-based communications and that the disruptions had affected military missions.

“关于俄罗斯弹道导弹发射的情报有助于挽救生命,这是最关键的问题之一。正是这些情报使得人们能够在弹道导弹袭击前得到预警,从而避免伤亡,”弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基总统在社交媒体上写道。“遗憾的是,对于这次袭击,我们没有收到任何来自盟友的预警。”泽连斯基的国防顾问谢尔盖·贝斯克列斯特诺夫在Telegram上表示,SpaceX还对Starlink卫星服务实施了速度限制,将互联网传输速度限制在每小时100英里(160公里)以内。这意味着任何飞行速度超过每小时100英里的无人机或导弹都会失去导航信号。

This came in the wake of heavy Russian strikes, which hit the country with more than 100 drones and five ballistic missiles, for which Ukraine said it had received no prior warning. “Intelligence on Russian ballistic missile launches helps save lives, and this is one of the most critical issues. This is precisely what helps prevent people from being killed – when there is an early warning about ballistic missiles,” President Volodymyr Zelenskyy wrote on X. “Regarding this strike, unfortunately, there was no warning from partners.”Serhiy Beskrestnov, a defence adviser to Zelenskyy, posted on Telegram that SpaceX had also “implemented a speed limit” on Starlink terminals, capping internet speeds at 100mph (160km/h). That meant any drones or missiles flying at more than 100mph lost their guidance connection.

“我们的武装部队并未收到这些速度限制的预警,因此导致多项军事任务失败,”贝斯克列斯特诺夫指出,并表示这显然与当前的政治局势有关。

“Our armed forces did not receive a warning about these restrictions, and this led to the failure of a number of missions,” he said, adding that this was clearly “related to the current political situation”.

官员们还表示,这些速度限制影响了前线的后勤保障、侦察工作以及信号传输能力。那么,Starshield系统究竟由谁控制呢?

Officials said the restrictions also reduced capabilities for front-line logistics, reconnaissance and relaying signals. Who controls Starshield? On Wednesday, Musk denied any involvement in the incident, insisting that the service is “controlled by the US government”.

周三,马斯克否认了自己与此事有任何关联,坚称该系统“由美国政府控制”。针对乌克兰前国防部长米哈伊洛·费多罗夫在社交媒体上发布的帖子(该帖子称这些速度限制已被取消,并要求恢复不受限制的互联网速度),马斯克回应道:“Starshield系统归美国政府所有并由其控制。任何关于速度或使用方式的限制都由美国军方决定,最终由美国总统作出决策。”

Responding to a post on X by Ukraine’s former Defence Minister Mykhailo Fedorov, who said the speed limits were being lifted and demanded unrestricted internet speed, Musk wrote, “Starshield systems are owned and controlled by the US government.”“Any limits on speed or usage are decided by the US military and ultimately POTUS,” he said, referring to the US president.

马斯克进一步澄清称,Starlink服务仅用于民用或防御目的,不能用于进攻性军事行动;因为对于一家商业公司来说,这样做是不合适的。这一表态显然意在将Starlink与Starshield区分开来——基辅虽然也部署了Starlink系统,但同样不被允许将其用于进攻性军事用途。

Musk further clarified that Starlink is for “civilian or defensive activities and cannot be used for offensive military action, as doing so would be inappropriate for a commercial company” – an apparent attempt to differentiate it from Starshield, which Kyiv also deploys but is not allowed to use for offensive operations.

去年,Starlink曾切断那些在乌克兰前线秘密使用该服务的俄罗斯军队的网络连接。那么,马斯克究竟是否支持乌克兰呢?

Last year, Starlink cut off access for Russian troops who were covertly using the service on the battlefront in Ukraine. Is Musk supportive of Ukraine?

自俄罗斯与乌克兰的战争爆发以来,SpaceX的首席执行官埃隆·马斯克一直表现出对这场战争的浓厚兴趣,但他对基辅方面的立场并不特别支持。2022年,就在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后不久,马斯克提出了一项“和平计划”:基辅应放弃对俄罗斯占领的克里米亚的主权要求,并放弃加入北约的希望。泽连斯基批评了马斯克的言论,双方之间的紧张关系至今仍未缓解。

The SpaceX boss has shown an active interest in the Russia-Ukraine war since it began, but has not been particularly favourable towards Kyiv. In 2022 – just after Russia invaded Ukraine – he proposed a “peace plan” under which Kyiv would end its claim to Russia-occupied Crimea and would drop hopes for joining NATO. Zelenskyy criticised Musk’s comments, and tensions between the two have remained.

周日,这位同时担任特斯拉首席执行官并拥有社交媒体平台X的亿万富翁表示,泽连斯基“做得太过分了”;他的这一言论是对特朗普提出的“乌克兰总统应该下台”这一观点的回应。

On Sunday, the billionaire, who is also the CEO of Tesla and owns X, said Zelenskyy “has gone too far”, in a response to Trump’s comments that the Ukrainian president should leave office.

周三,马斯克似乎将战争中的死亡事件归咎于泽连斯基,他在X平台上写道:“屠杀仍在继续……是时候让泽连斯基下台了。”那么,乌克兰是否将美国限制情报共享的行为视为原因呢?

On Wednesday, Musk appeared to blame Zelenskyy for deaths in the war. “And so the slaughter continues,” he wrote on X. “Time for Zelensky to go.”Does Ukraine blame the US for restricting intelligence?

乌克兰官员抱怨称,他们在俄罗斯于周二和周三发动弹道导弹袭击之前并未收到任何预警。通常情况下,美国会提供关键的早期预警信息,使基辅能够及时下达疏散命令。

Ukrainian officials have complained that the country received no warning in advance of Russian ballistic missile strikes on Tuesday and Wednesday. Usually, the US provides crucial early-warning alerts that allow Kyiv to issue evacuation orders.

周四,泽连斯基在接受《金融时报》采访时指出,美国军方此前曾警告乌克兰:除非停止对俄罗斯能源基础设施的攻击,否则美国将停止向乌克兰提供情报支持。

Zelenskyy said in an interview with the Financial Times on Thursday that US military officials had earlier warned Kyiv that Washington would block intelligence unless attacks on Russian energy infrastructure stop.

这位乌克兰领导人还表示,他并不认同那些认为“Starshield”系统故障可能是导致情报共享中断的原因的言论。“这并非技术问题,而是出于政治目的(即美国的决策)。”那么,美国为何会限制向乌克兰提供情报呢?

The Ukrainian leader added that he did not accept suggestions that the Starshield incident could have been a glitch. “It was not a technical problem; it was the will,” he said. Why might the US restrict intelligence from Ukraine?

自特朗普去年上任以来,基辅与美国之间的紧张关系一直在加剧,双方在武器转让以及美国与俄罗斯关系日益密切等问题上存在分歧。最近几周,华盛顿不断施压,要求乌克兰停止对俄罗斯炼油厂的攻击,以便让更多的俄罗斯石油进入全球市场。特别是在11月中期选举前夕,特朗普试图将乌克兰对俄罗斯柴油设施的攻击归咎于这些攻击,以此来解释全球石油价格的上涨。

Tensions between Kyiv and Washington have been building since Trump took office last year over a host of issues, including weapons transfers and the US’s increasing closeness to Russia. In recent weeks, Washington has pressured Ukraine to stop attacks on Russian oil refineries to allow more oil into global markets. In particular, Trump has sought to blame Ukrainian attacks on Russian diesel facilities for the rising price of the fuel globally ahead of November midterm elections.

特朗普上周表示,他已同意与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京达成一项协议:允许俄罗斯柴油产品进入美国及全球市场,尽管目前仍存在针对俄罗斯石油的制裁措施。泽连斯基批评了这一决定,称此举只会让普京更加肆无忌惮。

Trump said last week he had agreed to a deal with President Vladimir Putin to release Russian diesel stocks into the US and global markets, despite existing sanctions on Russian oil. Zelenskyy criticised the move and said it would embolden Putin.

周末期间,特朗普单方面宣布俄罗斯与乌克兰之间应实现“能源领域的停火”,但显然并未与泽连斯基进行任何协商;泽连斯基对记者表示:“这个协议我完全不知情。”俄罗斯方面也未对此表示确认。愤怒的特朗普要求乌克兰更换现任总统,并将全球能源供应中断的责任归咎于乌克兰对俄罗斯石油基础设施的攻击。

Over the weekend, Trump unilaterally announced an “energy ceasefire” between Russia and Ukraine, apparently without consulting Zelenskyy, who told reporters the deal was “news to me”. Russia also did not confirm it. Angered, Trump called for Ukraine to replace its president and blamed Ukraine’s attacks on Russian oil infrastructure for global energy disruptions.

乌克兰方面回应称,他们确实一直避免攻击俄罗斯的炼油设施,并表示如果俄罗斯也停止攻击,他们将继续保持这一做法。然而,俄罗斯的袭击仍在继续。周三,泽连斯基表示,对乌克兰能源基础设施的袭击已导致约60万人陷入停电状态。

Ukraine said it had, in fact, refrained from attacking Russian refineries and would continue to do so if Russia did the same. However, Russian strikes have continued. On Wednesday, Zelenskyy said strikes on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure had caused blackouts affecting 600,000 people.

“我们已经受够了,”泽连斯基在接受《金融时报》采访时说道,并确认基辅方面随后重新开始了对俄罗斯石油基础设施的攻击。

“We’re done,” the Ukrainian president said in the FT interview, confirming that Kyiv had subsequently resumed attacking Russia’s oil infrastructure.