自从开始第二任期以来，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普已发起一场旨在根除并驱逐该国无证移民的行动。
Since returning to office for a second term, United States President Donald Trump has embarked on a campaign to root out and deport the country’s undocumented immigrants.
领导这场行动的是移民与海关执法局（ICE），这是一个隶属于国土安全部的联邦机构。
Spearheading that campaign is Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), a federal agency housed in the Department of Homeland Security.
在特朗普领导下，该机构大幅扩充，截至1月拥有2.2万名官员和特工，人员增加了120%。
Under Trump, the agency has grown substantially, boasting 22,000 officers and agents as of January, a staffing increase of 120 percent.
得益于近期的支出法案，ICE也被认为是美国资金最充裕的联邦执法机构。
Thanks to recent spending packages, ICE is also considered the best-funded federal law enforcement agency in the US.
但这家成立于2003年的机构，因其激进的战术和快速招聘手段而面临更严格的审查。
But the agency, founded in 2003, has come under increased scrutiny for its aggressive tactics and expedited hiring techniques.
在特朗普第二任期开始以来，依据ICE和其他机构授权行事的移民执法人员已造成至少25起枪击事件，其中6起致命。自2025年1月以来，至少还有60人在ICE羁押期间死亡。
Immigration agents, under the authority of ICE and other agencies, have been responsible for at least 25 shootings since the start of Trump’s second term, six of which have been fatal. At least 60 people have also died in ICE custody since January 2025.
这一记录让民主倡导者和人权团体对ICE在11月3日中期选举前夕的活动感到担忧。
That track record has made democracy advocates and human rights groups worried about ICE’s activities in the lead-up to the November 3 midterm elections.
人权观察和美国公民自由联盟（ACLU）等组织已表达担忧，认为特朗普政府可能利用ICE恐吓选民。
Organisations like Human Rights Watch and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) have voiced concern that the Trump administration could use ICE to intimidate voters.
这些团体表示，遭遇ICE特工的威胁也可能让一些选民不敢前往投票站。加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校于9月进行的一项全国民调发现，40%的受访者预计选举日ICE特工会出现在投票站附近。ICE特工能否合法在投票站或其附近执法？联邦法律禁止在投票站使用武装联邦特工。一些州也有类似规定。
The threat of encountering ICE agents could also keep some voters away from the ballot box, the groups say. One national poll, conducted in September by the University of California, San Diego, found that 40 percent of respondents expected ICE agents to be present near polling stations on election day. Can ICE agents legally operate at or near polling stations? Federal law prohibits the use of armed federal agents at polling stations. Some states have similar provisions.
联邦禁令可追溯至1865年。法律规定，任何“从事美国文职、陆军或海军服务”的人不得下令或携带“任何军队或武装人员”前往选举地点。
The federal prohibition dates back to 1865. The law reads that it is illegal for anyone “engaged in the civil, military or naval service of the United States” to order or bring “any troops or armed men” to election sites.
然而，如果需要使用武力“维持投票站秩序”或“击退美国的武装敌人”，则存在一项豁免条款。
There is, however, a loophole if such force is needed “to keep peace at the polls” or “to repel armed enemies of the United States”.
另一项联邦法律禁止军人干预选举，还有其他几项法律禁止“恐吓”选民的行为。
Another federal law prohibits members of the military from interfering with elections, and several other laws prohibit efforts to “intimidate” voters.
这些措施今年经受了考验。在中期选举初选期间，至少发生了两起事件——一起在得克萨斯州圣安东尼奥，另一起在加利福尼亚州文图拉县——据报道，ICE（美国移民与海关执法局）特工在投票站附近执行例行任务。在这两起案件中，ICE特工在当地警方要求下离开了现场。特朗普政府在选举前如何使用ICE特工？
Those measures have been tested this year. During the primary elections for the midterms, there were at least two incidents – one in San Antonio, Texas, and another in Ventura County, California – where ICE agents reportedly conducted routine operations near polling stations. In both cases, the ICE agents left after being asked to do so by local police. How has the Trump administration used ICE agents before the election?
尽管有法律禁止执法人员在投票站附近执法，但倡导团体表示，特朗普政府仍利用ICE特工处理与选举相关的事务。
Though there are prohibitions against law enforcement near polling stations, advocacy groups say the Trump administration has nevertheless used ICE agents for election-related matters.
ICE管辖下设有不同的办公室，其中之一是国土安全调查局（HSI）。
ICE has different offices under its control, one of which is Homeland Security Investigations (HSI).
在今年中期选举前几个月，据报道，HSI被要求优先调查非公民投票这一违法行为。只有美国公民才有资格参加联邦选举投票。
In the months leading up to this year’s midterm elections, HSI has reportedly been ordered to prioritise its investigations of non-citizen voting, an illegal act. Only US citizens are allowed to vote in federal elections.
从8月开始，国土安全部部署HSI特工在至少九个州开展“实地调查”，以核查选民资格。
Starting in August, the Department of Homeland Security deployed HSI agents for “field investigations” in at least nine states to probe questions of voter eligibility.
据报道，一些特工逐户上门，询问居民是否为公民以及是否计划投票。
Some have reportedly gone door to door, asking residents if they are citizens and if they plan to vote.
本周，一名联邦法官下令国土安全部暂停这些调查，理由是存在美国公民可能被“错误卷入”并“遭受恐吓”的风险。
This week, a federal judge ordered the Department of Homeland Security to pause those investigations, citing the risk that a US citizen could be “wrongly swept up” and “subjected to intimidation”.
该法官还指出，联邦特工认定涉嫌非公民身份的方式存在“极高的出错可能性”。
The judge also noted a “high likelihood of error” in how the federal agents were identifying alleged non-citizens.
特朗普将非公民投票作为支持其关于普遍存在选民欺诈的虚假指控的依据。
Trump has pointed to non-citizen voting as support for his false claims of pervasive voter fraud.
专家表示，这种担忧毫无根据，尽管特朗普将这一问题描述为普遍存在的问题，但实际上参与选举的非公民人数极少。特朗普政府关于在中期选举期间部署ICE有何表态？
Experts, though, say such fears are unfounded, with tiny numbers of non-citizens actually taking part in elections, despite Trump’s depictions of the issue as a widespread problem. What has the Trump administration said about deploying ICE during the midterms?
特朗普政府官员拒绝排除使用ICE特工阻止非法投票的可能性，这一行动可能延伸至选举日当天。
Trump officials have refused to rule out using ICE agents to stop illegal voting, an effort that could extend to election day itself.
5月，记者问特朗普：“对于中期选举，您会在11月派避国民警卫队或ICE前往投票地点吗？”特朗普拒绝直接回答。“为确保选举诚实，我会做任何必要的事。我们必须要有诚实的选举，”他回答道。
In May, Trump was asked by reporters: “For the midterm elections, would you send the National Guard or ICE to voting locations in November?”Trump declined to answer directly. “I’d do anything necessary to make sure we have honest elections. We have to have honest elections,” he replied.
其政府其他高层也发表过类似表态。例如9月，国土安全部部长马克韦恩·马林确认ICE不会“巡逻”投票站，但他表示特工可能因其他原因出现在那里。
Other leaders in his administration have issued similar statements. In September, for instance, Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin affirmed that ICE would not “patrol” polling stations, but he suggested its agents could be there for other reasons.
马林说：“我们出现在投票站的唯一原因，是如果该投票站面临威胁，或者我们正在向一直在追踪的某人送达逮捕令。”
“The only reason why we would be at polling places is if there is a threat to that polling place or we’re serving a warrant on someone that we have been actively tracking down,” Mullin said.
特朗普内阁的另一名成员、司法部长托德·布兰奇曾质疑围绕此事的争议，将其定性为误入歧途。
Another member of Trump’s cabinet, Attorney General Todd Blanche, has questioned the uproar over the issue, framing it as misguided.
他在3月的一个保守派会议上问道：“为什么反对派遣ICE前往投票站？非法移民不能投票。这毫无道理。” 权益团体有何回应？
“Why is there an objection to sending ICE to polling stations?” he asked in March at a conservative conference. “Illegals can’t vote. It doesn’t make any sense.”What has been the response from advocacy groups?
特朗普政府的言论引发多个权益团体警觉，他们担心ICE在选举日出现会抑制选民投票率。
The Trump administration’s rhetoric has raised alarm with a number of rights groups, who fear an ICE presence on election day could dampen voter turnout.
周二，人权观察呼吁特朗普政府下令ICE特工不要部署在投票站或其他中期选举地点附近。
On Tuesday, Human Rights Watch called on the Trump administration to order ICE agents not to deploy near polling stations or other midterm election sites.
“人权观察”执行主任菲利普·博洛皮翁表示：“美国移民与海关执法局（ICE）官员的滥权行为已经严重影响了美国公民，他们遭到拦截、殴打、拘留、驱逐，甚至被杀害。选民去投票时不应担心陷入ICE的大规模搜捕行动。”10月16日，人权组织“大赦国际”发出了类似呼吁：“合格选民必须有实质性的机会参与选举，不应面临歧视性和任意性的障碍、武装部队的恐吓，或在寻求行使权利时担心受到伤害。”该组织表示。
“ICE officers’ abuses have already seriously affected US citizens who have been stopped, beaten, detained, deported and even killed,” said Philippe Bolopion, the executive director at Human Rights Watch. “Voters should not have to fear being caught in an ICE dragnet when they head to the polls.”On October 16, the rights group Amnesty International issued a similar appeal“Eligible voters must have the meaningful opportunity to participate in elections without discriminatory and arbitrary barriers, intimidation by armed forces, or fear of harm when seeking to exercise their rights,” the group said.