客机在空中被击落，机场航站楼被夷为平地，停在跑道上的飞机被毁。
Passenger planes have been shot out of the sky, airport terminals leveled and parked aircraft destroyed on the tarmac.
致命的全球冲突已彻底扰乱民用航空，安全航线的选择——尤其是欧亚之间的航线——变得越来越少。飞行追踪网站 Flightradar24 的数据显示，过去一个月胡塞武装对沙特机场的袭击，打乱了英国航空和联邦快递等航空公司仍在使用的为数不多的航线之一。
Deadly global conflicts have completely disrupted civil aviation, leaving options for safe journeys—particularly between Europe and Asia—fewer and farther between. Houthi strikes on Saudi airports over the past month upended one of the last few remaining routes used by airlines including British Airways and FedEx, tracking data from Flightradar24 shows.
除了完全的领空关闭和外国禁令（这通常很少见）之外，航空公司只能自行决定飞往何处。航空公司面临着一套往往各不相同的建议拼图，这些建议来自监管机构、情报机构和私营安全顾问。
Outside of complete airspace closures and foreign bans, which are generally rare, airlines are left to make their own decisions on where to fly. Airlines face a patchwork of often differing advisories, including from regulators, intelligence agencies and private-security consultants.
在某些情况下，改道使飞行时间增加了数小时；在其他情况下，航空公司选择了较短的替代航线，但这些航线本身也带有风险。
In some cases, rerouting flights has added hours to flight times; in other cases airlines have opted for shorter alternative routes that carry their own risks.
总部位于纽约的独立航空安全咨询组织 OpsGroup 创始人马克·齐表示，今年寻找安全航线面临前所未有的挑战。“讨论不再是关于什么是 100% 安全，而是什么风险最小，”这位前飞行员和航班调度员齐说。“当然，风险最小并不等于低风险。”以下是一些航班变化的例子：英国航空今年将部分航班改经沙特领空飞行，尽管伊朗曾多次发动袭击，但航空安全监管机构认为该领空基本安全可用。最近的胡塞武装袭击改变了这一判断，促使该航空公司更多地经由中亚飞行。
This year has posed an unprecedented challenge to find safe routings, according to Mark Zee, the founder of New York-based OpsGroup, an independent aviation security advisory group. “The conversation is no longer about what’s 100% safe, it’s what is the least risk,” said Zee, a former pilot and flight dispatcher. “And of course, least risk is not low risk.”Here are some examples of how flights have changed: British Airways this year has shifted some of its flying through Saudi airspace, which despite repeated Iranian strikes was deemed largely safe to use by aviation safety regulators.
该航线避开了沙特领空，且未改变总体飞行时间。但它也伴随着自身的危险，例如俄罗斯-乌克兰战争可能的溢出效应，或塔利班与巴基斯坦持续的边境冲突。阿富汗也缺乏活跃的空中交通管制。
The recent Houthi strikes changed that equation, prompting the airline to fly more via Central Asia. That routing avoids the Saudi airspace and didn’t change the overall flight time. But it comes with its own perils, such as potential spillover from the Russia-Ukraine war or the continuing border war between the Taliban and Pakistan.
印度航空公司目前被禁止进入巴基斯坦领空，其欧洲航线的选择已所剩无几。在最初经由沙特阿拉伯中部飞行后，印度航空现在选择了一条更靠近其北部边境及大马士革周边地区的航线。
Afghanistan also lacks active air-traffic control. Indian airlines, currently banned from entering Pakistan, now have few good options for their European routings.
尽管一些监管机构将该航线的部分区域指定为不安全，但近年来几周，包括阿联酋航空、卡塔尔航空和土耳其航空在内的多家航空公司为避开胡塞武装威胁，已越来越多地采用这一选项。
After initially flying via central Saudi Arabia, Air India now opts for a route that skirts closer to its northern border and the area around Damascus.
不仅客机在为寻找安全航线而苦战。联邦快递（FedEx）等货运承运商为抵达迪拜等地，已在航班上增加数小时飞行时间。这家货运巨头的新航线——飞行路径更靠近中国，以尽量减少在阿富汗和巴基斯坦领空的飞行时间——增加了额外五小时。
Despite some regulators designating parts of that route as unsafe, it has become an increasingly popular option in recent weeks for airlines including Emirates, Qatar Airways and Turkish Airlines to avoid the Houthi militia threat. It isn’t only passenger jets that are battling to find safe routings. FedEx is among cargo carriers that have added hours to flights to get to places such as Dubai.
“联邦快递持续监测中东局势，并调整我们的运营，以维持往返该地区的服务，”一位公司发言人表示。
The freight giant’s new route—which flies closer to China to minimize time in both Afghan and Pakistani airspace—adds an extra five hours.
自2018年以来，澳大利亚最大的航空公司一直运营着全球最长的直飞航线之一：珀斯至伦敦。该公司在3月取消了该航线，此前在调整经由中亚的航线后，发现飞行距离难以维持。澳航（Qantas）目前在新加坡经停加油运营该航线，总行程时间增加约四小时。
“FedEx continues to monitor the situation in the Middle East and adjust our operations for continued service to and from the region,” a company spokesman said. Since 2018, Australia’s biggest airline has operated one of the world’s longest nonstop flights: Perth to London. It dropped the flight path in March, after adjusting the route via Central Asia and finding the distance was untenable.
2014年，Zee驾驶同一航线飞越克里米亚上空，当时马来西亚航空MH17航班被击落。在得知少数航空公司曾收到关于克里米亚上空客机可能成为攻击目标的风险警告，却未传播该情报后，他创立了OpsGroup。
Qantas has been operating the route with a fuel stop in Singapore, adding about four hours to the total journey time. Zee, who in 2014 was flying the same flight route over Crimea as Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 when it was shot down, started OpsGroup after it emerged that a handful of airlines had received warnings about the risk of passenger jets being targeted over Crimea but hadn’t disseminated the intel.
该组织现拥有约10,000名成员，包括遍布全球的飞行员、空管人员及航空公司安全和运营部门工作人员。上周，OpsGroup表示，沙特领空在任何高度均不安全。
The organization now has about 10,000 members, including pilots, air-traffic controllers and workers in airline safety and operations departments across the globe. Last week, OpsGroup said Saudi airspace wasn’t safe at any altitude.
“我们再也找不到穿越中东的零风险航线选项了。根本不存在，”Zee说。
“We can’t find a zero risk route option any longer through the Middle East. It just isn’t there,” Zee said.
图表来源：Flightradar24（航班追踪数据）；欧洲航空安全局（空域通告）
Graphics sources: Flightradar24 (flight tracking data); European Union Aviation Safety Agency (airspace advisories)