印度尼西亚雅加达——数千名印度尼西亚学生已连续数日抗议政府对有毒烟雾的应对，近几周这种烟雾笼罩了多座城市并蔓延至整个东南亚。
JAKARTA, Indonesia — Thousands of students across Indonesia have protested for days over the government’s response to toxic haze that has blanketed multiple cities and spread across Southeast Asia in recent weeks.
周五，500多名抗议者聚集在中加里曼丹省省会帕朗卡拉亚的省长办公室外，要求解决烟雾问题。一些人举着写着“烟雾紧急状态”和“如果我们燃烧，你们也会跟着燃烧！”的标语牌。本周抗议活动已蔓延至印度尼西亚十几座城市，包括婆罗洲岛上的城市，那里发生了许多火灾。
On Friday, more than 500 protesters gathered outside the Central Kalimantan Governor’s Office in the provincial capital of Palangkaraya, demanding solutions to the haze. Some held signs that read “haze emergency” and “If we burn, you burn with us!”Protests spread to more than half a dozen Indonesian cities this week, including on the island of Borneo, where many of the fires are burning.
印度尼西亚的烟雾主要由森林和泥炭地火灾引起，这些火灾通常是为清理土地耕种而人为纵火。虽然此类火灾在旱季（通常始于4月）很常见，但今年的情况是有记录以来最严重的。
Indonesia’s haze is primarily caused by forest and peatland fires, often started to clear land for farming. While such fires are common during dry season, which usually begins in April, this year’s are the worst on record.
烟雾引发了健康担忧，并招致了新加坡、马来西亚及东南亚国家联盟其他成员国的公众强烈反弹。
The haze has triggered health concerns and ignited public backlash from Singapore, Malaysia and others in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
学生和公民社会团体已要求政府在烟雾问题上采取更有力行动数月。一些人呼吁印度尼西亚总统普拉博沃·苏比安托宣布进入国家紧急状态，并采取更激进措施，防止被指助长火灾的农业耕作方式。
Student and civil society groups have demanded stronger action on the haze for months. Some called for Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto to declare a national emergency and take more aggressive steps to prevent the agricultural practices blamed for fueling the blazes.
一些学生主导的抗议活动已与针对印度尼西亚经济困境的持续示威活动合并。
Some student-led protests have merged with ongoing demonstrations over Indonesia’s struggling economy.
“在印度尼西亚，我们非常愤怒，”就读于印度尼西亚帕查查兰大学的学生文森特·托马斯在万隆参加抗议时说，“我们希望相关官员受到追责。”数千人因烟雾患呼吸道疾病周五，许多示威者戴着厚口罩，以保护自己免受笼罩中加里曼丹帕朗卡拉亚的空气污染侵害，那里的天空因烟雾而呈现橙色。
“In Indonesia, we’re so angry,” said Vincent Thomas, a student at Indonesia’s Universitas Padjadjaran, who joined protests in Bandung. “We want the officials responsible to be held accountable.”Thousands suffer respiratory illnesses from haze Many demonstrators on Friday wore thick masks to protect themselves from the air pollution blanketing Palangkaraya in Central Kalimantan, which was tinged orange by the haze.
志愿消防员在帕朗卡拉亚周边扑灭大火时告诉美联社记者，他们希望雨水能快些降临。
Volunteer firefighters extinguishing blazes around Palangkaraya told The Associated Press that they hoped that rain would come soon.
根据印度尼西亚卫生部的数据，自8月中旬以来，受烟霾影响的七个省份已有超过333,470名居民患急性呼吸道疾病。
More than 333,470 residents have suffered acute respiratory illnesses across the seven provinces affected by the haze since mid-August, according to Indonesia’s Ministry of Health.
“我们希望政府公开宣布进入国家灾难紧急状态，”托马斯说。“不仅仅是针对加里曼丹，而是针对整个国家、印度尼西亚每个地方的森林火灾。”马来西亚首都吉隆坡双威行星健康中心执行主任杰米拉·马哈茂德表示，这就是气候变化遇上受损环境时会发生的情况。
“We want the government to openly declare a national disaster emergency,” Thomas said. “Not just regarding Kalimantan, but regarding forest fires across the entire country, in every part of Indonesia.”Jemilah Mahmood, executive director of the Sunway Centre for Planetary Health in the Malaysian capital of Kuala Lumpur, said this is what happens when changing climate meeting damaged environments.
“坤甸或新山一个孩子的肺，取决于几百公里外一片泥炭沼泽的健康状况，”她说。
“The lungs of a child in Pontianak or Johor Bahru depend on the health of a peat swamp hundreds of kilometers away,” she said.
为何今年烟霾如此严重 由于雨季降雨减少，印度尼西亚的森林变成了火药库。
Why the haze is so bad this year Indonesia’s forests were a tinderbox because there was less rain during the wet season.
专家将此归咎于极端高温、气候变化以及一个可能是有生之年最强的厄尔尼诺现象正在增强。
Experts blame this on extreme heat, climate change and an intensifying El Niño that may be the strongest in living memory.
“目前的烟霾危机是一个真实的症状，一个真实的例子，说明气候变化如何影响我们的日常生活，”雅加达能源与清洁空气研究中心的西亚迪瓦·莫兹巴尔说。
“The current haze crisis is a real symptom, a real example of how climate change affects our day-to-day lives,” said Syahdiva Moezbar, with the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air in Jakarta.
新加坡和马来西亚空气质量恶化 全球空气质量监测平台IQAir的数据显示，本月新加坡和吉隆坡跻身全球污染最严重城市之列，许多人认为这是十多年来影响该地区最严重的烟霾危机。
Air quality worsens in Singapore and Malaysia Singapore and Kuala Lumpur were ranked among the most polluted cities in the world this month by the global air quality monitoring platform IQAir, with many considering this the worst haze crisis to affect the region in over a decade.
新加坡官员已警告该国空气质量可能进一步恶化，正对印度尼西亚七家公司采取法律行动，新加坡指责这些公司导致了火灾。
Singaporean officials, who have warned the country’s air quality may deteriorate further, are taking legal action against seven companies in Indonesia that Singapore blames for causing the fires.
“对我来说，让我担忧的部分是很难买到N95口罩和空气净化器，”新加坡环保人士Qiyun Woo说。“你不禁会担心自己的健康，尤其是当你可能没有空气净化器时。”烟霾导致东帝汶停课，并在菲律宾被检测到。
“For me, the part that does worry me is just the difficulty in getting N95 masks and air purifiers,” said Qiyun Woo, a Singaporean environmentalist. “You just can’t help but worry about your own health, especially when you might not have an air purifier.”The haze has closed schools in East Timor and been detected in the Philippines.
焚烧开垦农业在柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸、泰国和越南普遍存在，焚烧季通常从1月持续到4月。区域层面应对这一问题的努力进展缓慢。
Slash-and-burn agricultural practices are common across Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, with burning seasons typically running from January to April. Regional efforts to tackle the issue have lagged.
孙威中心的马哈茂德表示：“此类危机会考验各国关系，而本季各方的言辞都无助于解决问题。我担心的不是永久决裂，而是指责成为一种习惯，从而阻碍我们所需的合作。”
“Crises like this test relationships, and the rhetoric this season has been unhelpful on all sides,” said Mahmood at the Sunway Centre. “My worry is not a permanent rupture. It is that blame becomes a habit and gets in the way of the cooperation we need.”