巴西人周日前往投票站，参加一场决选投票，对阵双方是右翼参议员、前总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗的长子弗拉维奥·博索纳罗与左翼总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦。作者：伊莎贝尔·特莱斯以下是推动此次竞选的主要议题：生活成本担忧普遍存在。今年8月，超过三分之二的受访者告诉Quaest民调机构，他们的购买力较上一年有所下降。
Brazilians headed to the ballot box on Sunday, in a runoff vote that pits right-wing Senator Flavio Bolsonaro, the eldest son of former President Jair Bolsonaro, against leftist President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.
截至9月的12个月里，年通胀率为4.58%，高于央行3%的目标，推高了包括食品在内的物价。卢拉承诺采取措施，以便稳步降低借贷成本并控制通胀。博索纳罗希望减少并稳定公共债务，使利率更接近国际水平，并将通胀引导至央行目标。犯罪是巴西人另一个主要担忧。智库巴西公共安全论坛称，尽管巴西的凶杀率在过去十年下降了40%，但打击犯罪的进展并不均衡。
By Isabel Teles Here are the main themes that have driven the campaign: Cost-of-living concerns are widespread. More than two-thirds of respondents told a Quaest poll in August their purchasing power had declined versus the previous year. Annual inflation stood at 4.58% in the 12 months through September, above the central bank's 3% target, pushing prices — including for food — higher Lula has pledged to implement measures to allow for steady cuts in borrowing costs and keep inflation under control Bolsonaro wants to reduce and stabilize public debt to bring interest rates closer to international levels and steer inflation toward the central bank's target Crime is another major concern for Brazilians.
博索纳罗承诺对犯罪分子采取强硬手段，承诺修建最高安全级别的监狱，并对严重性犯罪实施化学阉割。卢拉希望提高联邦监狱系统关押帮派头目的能力，同时仍投资于贫困地区以减少有组织犯罪的影响。腐败也是选民最关心的问题之一，卢拉身边的人和博索纳罗都在备受关注的案件中受到审视。
While Brazil's homicide rate fell by 40% over the last decade, improvements in fighting crime have been uneven, according to the Brazilian Public Security Forum, a think tank.
一起导致中型银行Banco Master倒闭的重大丑闻已引发多项调查，其中包括针对博索纳罗涉嫌腐败和洗钱的调查，他否认这些指控。博索纳罗承诺通过保护国有企业和养老基金免受政治任命影响、扩大公共支出透明度来打击腐败。卢拉誓言深化反腐和透明政策，即便他的儿子——他否认相关指控——正因涉嫌兜售影响力、腐败和欺诈的调查而接受审查。
Bolsonaro has pledged a heavy-handed approach to criminals, promising maximum-security prisons and chemical castration for serious sexual offenses Lula wants to increase the federal prison system's capacity to hold gang leaders, while still investing in poor areas to reduce the influence of organized crime Corruption is also at the top of voters' minds, with both Lula's circle and Bolsonaro facing scrutiny in high-profile cases.
巴西公共财政承压，尤其是由于养老金和社会福利支出。艰难的财政前景引发了人们对福利削减的担忧，而许多巴西人因多年的两位数利率而在债务拖欠中挣扎。
A major scandal that led to the collapse of mid-size lender Banco Master has sparked multiple probes, including into Bolsonaro over alleged corruption and money laundering, accusations he denies Bolsonaro has pledged to fight corruption by shielding state-run companies and pension funds from political appointments and expanding transparency in public spending Lula has vowed to deepen anti-corruption and transparency policies even as his son - who has denied the allegations - is being investigated in probes involving alleged influence peddling, corruption and fraud Brazil's public finances are under pressure, especially due to pensions and social benefits.
在卢拉当前任期内，公共债务已上升超过10个百分点，达到国内生产总值的82.9%。巴西13.75%的基准利率仍位居全球最高之列。在博索纳罗首轮表现强于预期后，长期利率大幅下降。他承诺加大财政调整力度，目标是在18个月内将基本财政余额改善相当于GDP的1.5%，以降低借贷成本。卢拉重申改善巴西基本财政余额的承诺，目标是到2030年实现约占GDP 1.3%的有效盈余，而今年预计为0.4%的赤字。
在美国总统唐纳德·特朗普于2025年对大量巴西商品加征关税后，外交政策成为许多巴西人更加关注的问题。
The difficult fiscal outlook has sparked fears of welfare cuts, while many Brazilians are struggling with debt arrears due to years of double-digit interest rates. Public debt has risen by more than 10 percentage points during Lula's current term, reaching 82.9% of gross domestic product Brazil's benchmark interest rate of 13.75% remains among the highest in the world Long-term interest rates fell sharply after Bolsonaro's stronger-than-expected first-round performance He has promised to ramp up fiscal adjustment, targeting 1.5% of GDP improvement in the primary balance within 18 months to lower borrowing costs Lula has reiterated commitments to improve Brazil's primary balance targeting an effective surplus near 1.3% of GDP by 2030, versus a projected 0.4% deficit this year After US President Donald Trump imposed tariffs on a swathe of Brazilian goods in 2025, foreign policy became a more prominent issue for many Brazilians.
博索纳罗曾讨好特朗普以及全球其他右翼盟友。他希望重建与阿根廷、美国和以色列的关系，称与各方的关系已接近破裂边缘。卢拉则主张以多边主义为基础的外交政策，并加强与南方共同市场南美国家集团和金砖国家的关系。
Bolsonaro has courted Trump and other right-wing allies globally He wants to rebuild ties with Argentina, the US and Israel, arguing relations with each are close to breaking point Lula has campaigned for a foreign policy based on multilateralism and stronger ties with the Mercosur bloc of South American states and the BRICS nations