委内瑞拉主要反对派人物玛丽亚·科里娜·马查多在流亡近10个月后回国，这位诺贝尔奖获得者回来是为了挑战将她边缘化的领导人，并推动举行新的选举。
María Corina Machado, Venezuela’s Leading Opposition Figure, Returns Home After nearly 10 months in exile, Ms. Machado, a Nobel laureate, came back to challenge leaders who have sidelined her and press for new elections.
委内瑞拉最受欢迎的反对派领导人玛丽亚·科里娜·马查多周日在流亡近一年后回国，增加了对该国威权政府——及其新的主要权力掌握者美国——迅速推动民主过渡的压力。
Venezuela’s most popular opposition leader, María Corina Machado, returned home on Sunday after nearly a year in exile, increasing pressure on the country’s authoritarian government — and its new chief authority, the United States — to move quickly toward a democratic transition.
委内瑞拉时间上午11点31分，马查多在X平台上写道：“我在这里。和你们在一起。”据两名要求匿名以便讨论敏感事务的政府官员透露，马查多是从邻国哥伦比亚进入委内瑞拉的。
At 11:31 a.m. Venezuela time, Ms. Machado wrote on X: “I am here. With you all.”Ms. Machado entered Venezuela from neighboring Colombia, according to two government officials who asked not to be named to be able to discuss sensitive matters.
过去，特朗普政府曾在与外国官员的私下交流中明确表示不支持马查多回国，据美国官员称，她的行程曾受阻。但这一次，美国官员决定不予干预。
In the past, the Trump administration had made clear in private exchanges to foreign officials that it did not support Ms. Machado’s return, according to U.S. officials, and her travel was blocked. But on this occasion U.S. officials decided not to intervene.
随着关键的美国中期选举临近，佛罗里达州一些选民认为，美国推动委内瑞拉民主变革的力度还不够。
As critical U.S. midterm elections near, some voters in Florida have maintained that the United States is not pushing hard enough for democratic change in Venezuela.
马查多宣布抵达后不久，她的政党发布了她在委内瑞拉西部拉腊州一座教堂的照片，照片中支持者拥抱着她。
Shortly after Ms. Machado announced her arrival, her party posted images of her at a church in the state of Lara, in western Venezuela, where supporters embraced her.
马查多呼吁委内瑞拉明年7月前举行选举，并表示有意竞选总统。她将成为临时领导人德尔西·罗德里格斯极具竞争力的挑战者，后者属于统治该国一代人的镇压性政府。
Ms. Machado has called for elections in Venezuela by next July, and has expressed her interest in running for president. She would be an extremely competitive challenger to the interim leader, Delcy Rodríguez, who is part of the repressive government that has run the country for a generation.
罗德里格斯女士获得美国支持，美国军方在1月俘获总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗后，将她扶植为临时领导人。特朗普总统多次赞扬罗德里格斯女士，但表示委内瑞拉尚未准备好举行选举。美国一直在致力于从该国开采石油和其他自然资源。
Ms. Rodríguez is backed by the United States, which installed her as interim leader after the American military captured President Nicolás Maduro in January. President Trump has lauded Ms. Rodríguez repeatedly, but has said that Venezuela is not ready for elections. The United States has been working to extract oil and other natural resources from the country.
罗德里格斯女士曾表示委内瑞拉将举行选举，但拒绝设定日期。在美国国内外压力下，美国斡旋了罗德里格斯女士政府与另一部分反对派之间的对话，双方称正在为选举努力。但参与对话的各方并未给出民主过渡的时间表。
Ms. Rodríguez has said that Venezuela will have an election, but has declined to set a date. The United States, amid pressure from in and outside of the country, has orchestrated talks between Ms. Rodríguez’s government and a different part of the opposition, and the parties say they are working toward a vote. But the participants in those talks have not given a timeline for a democratic transition.
两名美国官员表示，鉴于委内瑞拉政治对话取得进展，特朗普政府现在认为当前时机适合马查多女士回国。他们表示，美国没有协助马查多女士周日的返国行动，但也没有试图阻拦。
The Trump administration now considers the current moment to be acceptable for Ms. Machado’s return, given the progress in political dialogue in Venezuela, two U.S. officials said. They said that the United States had not helped Ms. Machado with her return on Sunday, but that it had not tried to block it.
她的回国给委内瑞拉本已脆弱的政治氛围，以及特朗普政府与罗德里格斯女士政府之间的联盟，都注入了一定程度的不确定性。美国已与委内瑞拉达成重大商业协议，包括一项马查多女士曾批评的石油协议。
Her homecoming injects a level of uncertainty into Venezuela’s already fragile political atmosphere, and into the alliance between the Trump administration and the government of Ms. Rodríguez. The United States has struck major business deals with Venezuela, including an agreement on oil that Ms. Machado has criticized.
过去，马查多女士能在街头召集大量民众，即使支持者面临被捕风险。周日在拉腊州教堂停留后，她前往首都加拉加斯，全国各地的家庭和公共场所爆发庆祝活动。
In the past, Ms. Machado has commanded enormous audiences in the streets, even as supporters faced arrest. After the church stop in Lara on Sunday, she headed to the capital, Caracas as celebrations erupted in homes and public places around the country.
“我对这个消息感到非常高兴，”43岁的教师科罗莫托·卢戈说。“这似乎难以置信，因为我们已经期盼了几个月。我们一直在等待更好的时光，我相信现在，由委内瑞拉人建立的民主终于要来到委内瑞拉了。”马查多曾是委内瑞拉立法机构成员，过去三年一直领导反对派，其中大部分时间她在国内隐藏行踪，试图避免被捕。去年，她在获得诺贝尔和平奖后逃离了该国。
“I feel very happy about this news,” said Coromoto Lugo, 43, a teacher. “It seems incredible, because we have wanted this for months. We have been waiting for better times, and I believe that now, a democracy built by Venezuelans is finally coming to Venezuela.”Ms. Machado, a former member of Venezuela’s Legislature, has led the opposition for the past three years, spending much of that time living in hiding inside her country and trying to avoid arrest. She fled last year when she was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize.
美国部队抓捕马杜罗后，特朗普政府选择拥护罗德里格斯担任总统，尽管马查多拥有极高的人气，且长期与华盛顿建制派人物保持联系。
After U.S. forces captured Mr. Maduro, the Trump administration chose to elevate Ms. Rodríguez to the presidency, despite Ms. Machado’s enormous popularity and longtime ties to Washington establishment figures.
自此，特朗普政府与这位反对派领袖之间的关系一直紧张。她说自己一直试图返回国内，但至少有七次被她拒绝透露姓名的当局阻拦。
Tensions between the Trump administration and the opposition leader have been high ever since. She said she that had been trying to get back into the country, but that she had been blocked on at least seven occasions by authorities she declined to name.
周日，在马查多宣布回国后，特朗普在华盛顿对记者说：“我对此一无所知，但我认为她是一位非常好的女性。她把诺贝尔奖给了我，我还能说什么呢？我希望她平安无事，她是一位非常好的女性。但我们在委内瑞拉的情况非常好。” 马查多的助手大卫·斯莫兰斯基在一份声明中说，她的回国“是迈向民主过渡以及在不久的将来举行自由、公正、可核实的总统选举的重大一步”。“我们感谢唐纳德·特朗普总统、国务卿马尔科·鲁比奥、美国政府、国会以及盟国政府持续的领导和支持，”他说。
On Sunday, after Ms. Machado announced her return, Mr. Trump told reporters in Washington: “I don’t know anything about it, but I think she’s a very nice woman. She gave me her Nobel Prize, so how can I say anything else? And I hope she’s safe, she’s a very nice woman. But we’re doing really well in Venezuela.”An aide to Ms, Machado, David Smolansky, said in a statement that her return was “a major step toward a democratic transition and free, fair, and verifiable presidential elections in the near future.”“We thank President Donald Trump, Secretary of State Marco Rubio, the U.S. government, Congress, and allied governments for their continued leadership and support,” he said.
特朗普政府对马查多回国的立场，被广泛视为检验其推动委内瑞拉民主程度的试金石。
The Trump administration’s stance on Ms. Machado going back home has been widely regarded as a litmus test of the degree to which it is pushing for democracy in Venezuela.
周日下午，国务卿马尔科·鲁比奥宣称，自己帮助创造了马查多女士回国的条件，并表示美国官员鼓励的该国政治对话发挥了作用。
On Sunday afternoon, Secretary of State Marco Rubio took credit for helping lay the conditions for Ms. Machado’s return, saying the political dialogue in the country encouraged by U.S. officials had helped.
“马查多女士得以安全返回委内瑞拉的条件，是美国支持的和解对话的直接成果，该对话已使数百名政治犯获释，数百名流亡在外的反对派人士回国，”他在一个官方社交媒体账号上写道。
“The conditions allowing for the safe return of Ms. Machado to Venezuela is the direct result of the U.S. supported reconciliation talks which has already seen hundreds of political prisoners freed and hundreds of political opposition figures return from exile,” he wrote on an official social media account.
“美国期望委内瑞拉政治各界的自由继续得到尊重，”鲁比奥先生说。“同样，我们期望所有政治行为体支持这些对话，这代表了委内瑞拉三十年来最好的机会，不仅能和平实现自由公正的选举，还能建立持久的民主。”两名资深政府官员表示，政府对马查多女士此前试图入境的支持较少，包括在6月毁灭性地震发生后的那段时间。他们表示不满，称她当时在国内的存在弊大于利，并确保该地区官员——包括马查多女士可能途经的国家的官员——知晓政府的立场。
“The United States expects the freedoms of all sectors of Venezuelan politics to continue to be respected,” Mr. Rubio said. “Likewise, we expect all political actors to support these talks which represent the best chance Venezuela has had in thirty years to peacefully achieve not just a free and fair election but an enduring democracy.”Two senior administration officials said the administration had been less supportive of Ms. Machado’s previous attempts to get into the country, including in the period right after devastating earthquakes in June. Expressing displeasure, they said her presence in the country then would be more disruptive than helpful, and they made sure officials in the region — including in countries that Ms. Machado might transit — knew of the administration’s views.
一名资深美国官员说，政府也认为马查多女士9月下旬试图返回可能会造成破坏。那时正值特朗普先生在纽约联合国大会期间与罗德里格斯女士会晤。
The administration also saw Ms. Machado’s attempts to return in late September as potentially disruptive, one of the senior American officials said. That was around the time that Mr. Trump was meeting with Ms. Rodríguez in New York, on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly.
美国官员表示，在随后几周里，委内瑞拉的政治对话进程已取得进展。他们说，这让政府有了一些信心，认为如果马查多女士返回，威权政府不会逮捕她。
In the weeks since, the process of political dialogue in Venezuela has gained momentum, the U.S. officials said. That has given the administration some confidence that the authoritarian government would not arrest Ms. Machado if she returned, they said.
一位政府官员表示，特朗普先生和鲁比奥先生期望马查多女士尊重并支持正在进行的政治对话进程以及委内瑞拉的经济计划。
Mr. Trump and Mr. Rubio expect Ms. Machado to respect and support the ongoing process of political dialogue as well as economic plans for Venezuela, one of the administration officials said.
这包括支持涉及亚历杭德罗·贝坦库尔的石油协议。这位居住在欧洲的委内瑞拉商人一直处于法律调查之中，马查多女士本月在接受《纽约时报》采访时曾谴责过他。
That includes supporting the oil deal involving Alejandro Betancourt, a Venezuelan businessman living in Europe who has been under legal investigation and whom Ms. Machado denounced in an interview this month with The New York Times.
贝坦库尔先生对她的批评提出异议，他的一位发言人指出，他并未被指控任何罪名。
Mr. Betancourt has disputed her criticisms, and a spokesperson for him has noted that he has not been charged with any crimes.
第四轮会谈定于11月中旬举行。如今她已回到委内瑞拉，马查多女士将在其中扮演何种角色（如果有的话）尚不清楚。
A fourth round of talks is scheduled in mid-November. Now that she is back in Venezuela, it is unclear what role Ms. Machado, if any, would play in that.
周日在委内瑞拉，69岁的商人亚历杭德罗·罗德里格斯称马查多女士的到来是“一种欢迎，也是一个非常积极的发展，因为它将在未来几天在委内瑞拉引发一场重大运动。”
In Venezuela on Sunday, Alejandro Rodríguez, 69, a merchant, called Ms. Machado’s arrival a “welcome and a very positive development, as it will spark a major movement in Venezuela over the coming days.”
他说：“一方面，我感到高兴，因为她代表民主——她是我们对这个国家所有美好愿望的化身。另一方面，我担心，虽然她目前拥有巨大的势头，但这种力量可能会减弱，因为选举尚未举行。选举要过一段时间才会进行——也许是明年晚些时候，也许是2028年初；我们根本不知道。”
“On one hand, I’m glad, because she represents democracy — the embodiment of everything we wish for this country,” he said. “On the other hand, I’m concerned that, while she currently commands significant momentum, that strength might wane, given that the elections are not happening yet. They won’t take place for some time — perhaps late next year or early 2028; we simply don’t know.”
他补充道：“当然，我也为她的安全担忧。”朱莉·特克维茨是《纽约时报》安第斯山脉地区分社社长，驻哥伦比亚波哥大，负责报道哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉、玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔和秘鲁。
And, he added: “Naturally, I also worry for her safety.”Julie Turkewitz is the Andes Bureau Chief for The Times, based in Bogotá, Colombia, covering Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru.