
得克萨斯州参议员选举提前投票开始之际,共和党人肯·帕克斯顿与民主党人詹姆斯·塔拉里科的对决中,基督教被推到了最前沿。不幸的是,宗教正被当作美国两极分化的政治斗争中的又一件武器,而不是被视为一种独立且足够强大的力量,能够切开我们党派间的无稽之谈。
Christianity is front and center as early voting begins in the Texas Senate race between Republican Ken Paxton and Democrat James Talarico. Unfortunately, religion is being treated as another weapon in America’s polarized political fight, not as something independent and powerful enough to slice through our partisan nonsense.
“我想让你们知道,他(帕克斯顿)是我们家里起得最早的人,没人在看的时候,他就坐在厨房桌边读圣经。我想让你们知道,他和我一起读经文。和我一起祈祷。还帮助引领我走向基督。”肯·帕克斯顿的女儿最近寄到我们邮箱的一封格式信上这样写道。
“I want you to know that he (Paxton) was the man who was up before anyone else in our house, reading his Bible at the kitchen table when nobody was watching. I want you to know he read Scripture with me. Prayed with me. And helped lead me to Christ,” read a recent form letter from Ken Paxton’s daughter to our mailbox.
作为一名基督徒,这触动我的心。但随后我想到,帕克斯顿的妻子正以“圣经依据”起诉他,他曾因腐败被得克萨斯州共和党人(而非沿海精英)弹劾,而且他还毫不掩饰地带着新女友四处出行。没有人是完美的。但这算不上谦卑的门徒之道。
As a Christian, it tugs at my heart. But then I remember that Paxton’s wife is suing him on “biblical grounds,” that he was impeached by Texas Republicans (not coastal elites) for corruption, and that he’s traveling around unabashedly with a new girlfriend. No one’s perfect. But that isn’t exactly humble discipleship.
在正常时期,这样一位劣迹斑斑的候选人可能会采取不同的竞选策略,一种不那么聚焦于他个人缺陷的策略。但帕克斯顿之所以倚重信仰论调,是因为他的对手是谁:塔拉里科,一名长老会神学院学生。
In normal times, such a checkered candidate might deploy different campaign tactics, ones that put less of a spotlight on his personal flaws. But Paxton is leaning into the faith argument because of who he is up against: Talarico, a Presbyterian seminarian.
塔拉里科的参选打乱了美国现代政治中世俗左翼与基督教右翼的分类。在本次中期选举周期中,这对一个对帕克斯顿兴致寥寥、缺乏热情的共和党基本盘构成直接威胁——他们可能会在11月选择待在家里。或者更糟:出来投票给民主党人。
Talarico’s candidacy scrambles the modern American political categories of the secular left and Christian right. It is a direct threat this midterm cycle to an unenthused GOP base, meh on Paxton, that may be tempted to stay home in November. Or worse: turn out for a Democrat.
除此之外:得克萨斯人对共和党领导下的经济状况并不满意——43%的人表示他们的家庭财务状况变得更糟了。所以也许把话题转到基督教上会有帮助。
Add to this: Texans aren’t happy with the economy under Republican leadership — 43% say that their family finances have gotten worse. So maybe changing the topic to Christianity will help.
毕竟,几十年来,白人福音派基督徒一直是共和党联盟的基石。根据皮尤研究中心的数据,在全国范围内,一名白人福音派教会信徒有82%的可能性支持共和党提名人。相比之下,68%的宗教无归属者与左翼立场一致。
After all, White evangelical Christians have been the bedrock of the GOP coalition for decades. Nationally, a White evangelical churchgoer is 82% likely to support the Republican nominee, according to Pew Research. By contrast, 68% of the religiously unaffiliated align with the left.
这种动态在得克萨斯州尤为鲜活,那里有高达 67% 的选民自认为是基督徒,尤其是福音派。因此,塞进信箱和铺天盖地的反塔拉里科宣传,瞄准的不是他的政策记录,而是他的神学观点。
This dynamic is particularly alive in Texas, where an outsized share (67%) of the electorate identifies as Christian, and in particular, as evangelicals. As a result, much of the anti-Talarico messaging hitting mailboxes and airwaves targets his theology rather than his policy record.
“詹姆斯·塔拉里科的信仰当然是错误的。但不止于错误。詹姆斯·塔拉里科的信仰是亵渎神灵的。它们是邪恶的,绝不是任何真正的基督徒能够支持的信仰。永远都不可能,”达拉斯浸信会大型教会牧师罗伯特·杰弗里斯说道,据《纽约时报》近日报道。(杰弗里斯还在共和党全国委员会达拉斯中期大会上做了祈祷。)寄到我们家门口的传单,没有一张不提塔拉里科曾称上帝为“非二元性别”,称耶稣为“激进女权主义者”。
“The beliefs of James Talarico are certainly wrong. But they’re more than wrong. The beliefs of James Talarico are blasphemous. They are evil, and they are not beliefs that any true Christian could support. Ever,” said Dallas Baptist megachurch pastor Robert Jeffress, according to recent reporting by the New York Times. (Jeffress also gave an invocation at the Republican National Committee’s Dallas midterm convention.) Nary a flyer arrives on our doorstep that doesn't mention that Talarico previously called God “nonbinary” and Jesus a “radical feminist.” (Even though Jesus’ dignified treatment of women should be something to celebrate, not disparage, in this lady’s opinion.)
(在我看来,耶稣尊重女性的体面本应值得赞扬,而非贬低。)诚然,我在神学上比塔拉里科保守得多。但考虑到共和党的现状,右翼转而维护正统的时机着实古怪。
To be sure, I am far more theologically conservative than Talarico. But I also find the right’s pivot to upholding orthodoxy bizarrely timed, given the state of the GOP.
首先,尽管帕克斯顿在总体竞选中正逼近塔拉里科的领先优势,但人物品格的差距依然是两位数。根据最近的 CBS/YouGov 民调,只有 41% 的得州选民认为肯·帕克斯顿具备担任联邦参议员的品格,而认为塔拉里科具备该品格的为 54%。另一项民调发现,多数得州人(51%)认为特朗普总统将总统腐败推向了新高度。
For one thing, although Paxton is closing in on Talarico’s lead in the race overall, the character gap remains in the double digits. Only 41% of Texas voters think Ken Paxton has the character to be US senator relative to 54% for Talarico, according to a recent CBS/You Gov poll. Another poll finds that the majority of Texans (51%) think that President Trump has brought presidential corruption to a new level.
福音派倾向于重信仰轻行为,但在日常生活中,我实在难以找到对个人品格置若罔闻的教会信徒。
Evangelicals tend to be more faith-versus-works people, but I’m hard-pressed in normal life to find churchgoers who shrug off personal character.
此外,将福音作为政治棍棒以约束共和党选民,是一种亵渎。宗教应作为独立的道德良知,对两党都提出挑战,要求它们遵守更高标准。教会的使命是成为对政治权力的监督力量,而非依附于其某个派系。将基督教纳入现代政治的问题在于,现代政党永远无法涵盖福音所关切的复杂性,这些关切跨越时代、地域,当然也跨越政党。
Moreover, it’s debasing to use the gospel as a political cudgel to keep GOP voters in line. Religion should serve as an independent moral conscience that challenges both parties and holds them to higher standards. The church is called to be a source of accountability to political power, not beholden to factions of it. The problem with fitting Christianity into modern politics is that a modern political party is never big enough to capture the complexity of concerns in the gospel, which stretch across time, across place and most certainly across political parties.
这也是已故长老会牧师——其立场公认比塔拉里科更保守——蒂姆·凯勒警告美国基督徒永远不应在两党制中感到安适的原因。例如,一方可能承认男女生理差异、传统婚姻的价值或胎儿生命的尊严,而另一方可能更致力于保护穷人和移民,或反对公开处决。
It is why the late Presbyterian preacher — admittedly of a more conservative variety than Talarico — Tim Keller warned that a Christian in America should never comfortably fit within the two-party system. For example, one side might recognize biological differences between men and women or the value of traditional marriage or life in the womb, but the other might be more protective of the poor and immigrants or against public executions.
我个人欢迎信仰在公共生活中复兴。但它应监督各类政客,而非沦为赶着选民就范的牛鞭。
I would personally welcome a resurgence of faith in public life. But it should hold politicians of all types accountable, not serve as a cattle prod to keep voters in line.