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约翰·希利在安迪·伯纳姆任英国首相后的首份预算案中计划什么What John Healey Plans in the First Budget of Andy Burnham’s UK Premiership

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约翰·希利John Healey

英国财政大臣约翰·希利将于周三公布他的首份预算案,这对安迪·伯纳姆领导的新一届工党政府而言是一场关键考验,该政府正寻求维持民调中的反弹势头,并让投资者保持支持。

Chancellor of the Exchequer John Healey will deliver his first budget on Wednesday in a key test for Andy Burnham’s new Labour administration as it seeks to maintain a bounce in the polls and keep investors on side.

虽然预算案的全部内容尚不清楚,而且希利仍可能宣布一些出人意料的措施,但迄今为止来自财政部的所有迹象都表明,他计划提交一份稳字当头的预算案。此外,官员们一直试图避免助长那种在其前任蕾切尔·里夫斯提交的两份预算案之前出现的预算前猜测;里夫斯在她的两次重头戏中增税超过600亿英镑(800亿美元)。

While the full contents of that budget aren’t known, and Healey could yet announce some surprise measures, all signs from the Treasury so far are that he’s planning a steady-as-she-goes budget. Moreover, officials have sought to avoid stoking the sort of pre-budget speculation that preceded the two budgets delivered by his predecessor, Rachel Reeves, who hiked taxes by more than £60 billion ($80 billion) in her two setpieces.

现年66岁的希利已承诺,在他的这份财政重头戏中给选民和企业“喘息空间”,以应对美国-伊朗战争推高的能源价格。他还誓言要保持财政纪律,这抑制了人们对以大幅减税或增加支出形式出现的重大长期派发措施的预期。

Healey, 66, has pledged to give “breathing space” to voters and companies in his fiscal set-piece, with a response to higher energy prices driven by the US-Iran war. He’s also vowed to keep fiscal discipline, dampening expectations for major long-term giveaways in the form of significant tax cuts or higher spending.

品浩(PIMCO)英国高级顾问鲁珀特·哈里森周一在彭博电台表示:“政府已经意识到,关于商业和财富创造的叙事一直极其负面。他们确实认识到这对投资和选址决策产生了影响,他们想努力改变这种叙事。”以下是预计将出台的主要政策:希利预计将宣布临时性、有针对性的派发措施,以帮助英国人应对生活成本,包括预计将扩大暖房折扣——目前该折扣为能源账单提供150英镑的返还——以及冻结燃油税,目前燃油税定于明年1月和3月上调。他还将宣布一些干预措施,包括取消对烘豆和巧克力等产品的进口关税。

“The government have realized the narrative about business and wealth creation has been extremely negative,” PIMCO’s Senior Adviser for the UK Rupert Harrison said on Bloomberg Radio on Monday. “They do realize that’s having an impact on investment and location decisions and they want to try and change the narrative.”Here are the main policies to expect: Healey is set to announce temporary and targeted giveaways to help Britons with their living costs, including an expected expansion of the warm home discount — currently a £150 rebate on energy bills — and a freeze to fuel duty, which is currently set to rise in January and again in March. He’s also due to announce interventions including removing import tariffs on products such as baked beans and chocolate.

财政大臣将有意为这些生活成本支出设定时限,以尽量减轻对公共财政和他自我设定的财政规则造成的冲击;这些规则要求到2029-30年度,日常支出须由税收收入覆盖。

The chancellor will deliberately time-limit the cost-of-living spending to minimize the hit to the public finances and his self-imposed fiscal rules, which require day-to-day spending to be covered by tax receipts by 2029-30.

预计希利将用来帮助为生活成本支持提供资金的主要税收措施,是将银行附加税从目前的3%上调。银行附加税是在25%的公司税之上征收的,直到2023年还是8%,当时前保守党财政大臣杰里米·亨特将其下调。

The main tax measure Healey is expected to deploy to help fund the cost-of-living support is an increase in the bank surcharge, from 3% currently. Levied on top of corporation tax at 25%, the bank surcharge was at 8% until 2023, when former Conservative Chancellor Jeremy Hunt cut it.

希利从里夫斯手中继承的预算缓冲在春季估计为236亿英镑。但伊朗战争加剧了通胀并推高了借贷成本,使其中约一半被侵蚀。希利可能会寻求恢复部分失去的空间,对一级政府债券交易商的中位数估计显示,这一数字将在152亿英镑左右。

Healey inherited a budgetary buffer from Reeves that was estimated at £23.6 billion in the spring. But the Iran war has stoked inflation and pushed borrowing costs higher, helping erode away about half of that. Healey is likely to seek to restore some of the lost ground, with the median estimate of primary government bond dealers suggesting it will come in around £15.2 billion.

政府将经济权力分散到英国各地区的计划也将公布更多细节。其中包括赋予市长更多征税和支出权力,并允许他们保留更多由地方企业税产生的收入。

More details on the government’s plans to spread economic power to Britain’s regions are also in the cards. They include handing more tax-and-spend power to mayors, and allowing them to retain more of the revenues generated by local business taxation.

希利将说明政府如何填补其国防投资计划中47亿英镑的缺口,伯纳姆政府从基尔·斯塔默手中继承了该计划。预计希利将通过从其他部门的预算中调取资金来补足其中的大部分。

Healey will set out how the government is plugging a £4.7 billion gap in its defense investment plan, which Burnham’s administration inherited from Keir Starmer. Healey is expected to make up the bulk of the sum by taking funds from other departments’ budgets.

然而,预计希利不会公布到2030年将国防开支提高到GDP的3%的详细计划,尽管他在今年早些时候辞去国防大臣一职时曾呼吁采取此类行动。预计他将把这一问题推迟到明年的支出审查。

Healey is not expected, however, to set out a detailed plan for ramping up defense spending to 3% of GDP by 2030, despite calling for such action when he resigned as defense secretary earlier this year. He is expected to defer the question to a spending review next year.

预计这位财政大臣将公布计划,迫使亚马逊和Temu等在线市场在销售环节征收增值税。此举旨在堵住一个漏洞,该漏洞一直被空壳公司用来在这些平台上销售商品,随后便关停而不缴纳增值税。

The chancellor is expected to reveal plans to force online marketplaces such as Amazon and Temu to collect value added tax at the point of sale. The move is an attempt to close a loophole which has been used by shell companies to sell goods on those platforms, only to then shut down without paying their VAT bills.

希利将于下周预算案中宣布,为该国商业贷款机构和基础设施银行提供超过200亿英镑的额外资金,资金将通过额外发行债务筹集。财政部预计,这笔资金将在2035年前为包括人工智能、国防和绿色能源在内的领域创造和支持10万个就业岗位。

Healey will announce plans to give more than £20 billion of extra funding to the country’s business lender and infrastructure bank in the budget next week, funded by extra debt issuance. The Treasury expects the funding to create and support 100,000 jobs in sectors including artificial intelligence, defense and green energy by 2035.

政府表示,将利用预算案完善其为首次购房者提供股权贷款计划的方案,这是伯恩汉姆在9月工党党代会上宣布的一项旗舰政策。

The government has said it will use the budget to flesh out its plan to revive an equity loan program for first-time homebuyers, one of the flagship policies Burnham announced at Labour’s party conference in September.

尽管政府正在等待前内阁部长艾伦·米尔本就此事提交的报告中的最终建议,但预计希利将宣布应对英国高青年失业率的措施。这包括可能削减计划中的青年最低工资上涨幅度,以激励雇主雇佣年轻人。

Although the government is waiting for final recommendations in a report by former cabinet minister Alan Milburn into the matter, Healey is expected to announce measures to tackle Britain’s high rates of youth unemployment. This includes a potential scaling back of planned increases to the youth minimum wage to incentivize employers to hire young people.

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