财政大臣约翰·希利（John Healey）将于10月28日公布其英国税收计划。
Chancellor John Healey will set out his plans for UK taxes on 28 October.
财政大臣约翰·希利将在10月28日发表其首份预算案时，阐述工党的税收和支出计划。
Chancellor John Healey will set out Labour's tax and spending plans when he delivers his first Budget on 28 October.
在承认政府借贷成本处于“历史高位”后，他拒绝排除增税的可能性。但政府在税收方面的回旋余地有限。
He has refused to rule out tax increases after acknowledging government borrowing costs are at "historic highs". But the government's room for manoeuvre on tax is limited.
在2024年大选前，工党承诺不会提高政府的三大主要税收来源：所得税、国民保险和增值税。什么是预算案？
Before the 2024 general election, Labour promised not to increase three big revenue earners for the government: income tax, National Insurance and VAT. What is the Budget?
希利将在提交给下议院议员的声明中，阐述政府计划如何提高或降低税收。
In his statement, delivered to MPs in the House of Commons, Healey will set out how the government plans to raise or lower taxes.
在公布预算案的同时，财政部将发布有关这些措施及其成本的详细信息。
Alongside the Budget, the Treasury will publish details about the measures and their costs.
负责监督政府支出的独立机构预算责任办公室（OBR）也将发布一份关于英国经济健康状况的评估报告，并对其未来走势做出预测。预算案中可能包含什么？
The independent Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), which monitors government spending, will also publish an assessment of the health of the UK economy and a forecast of what it thinks will happen in the future. What might be in the Budget?
预算案发布前的筹备期通常会引发关于其内容的猜测，而政府今年正试图将此类猜测降至最低。
The run-up to the Budget typically generates speculation about what might be in it, which the government is trying to keep to a minimum this year.
希利与首相安迪·伯纳姆（Andy Burnham）面临着艰难的平衡挑战，他们既要设法为家庭提供更多支持并履行国防支出承诺，又要坚持工党在税收方面的竞选纲领承诺以及政府自行设定的财政规则。
Healey and Prime Minister Andy Burnham face a difficult balancing act, trying to offer more support to households and meet commitments on defence spending, while also sticking to Labour's manifesto commitments on tax and the government's self-imposed fiscal rules.
前任财政大臣蕾切尔·里夫斯（Rachel Reeves）制定了两项主要规则，新领导层已誓言遵守。这两项规则是：在本届议会任期结束前，不得通过借贷来资助日常公共支出；在本届议会任期结束前，使政府债务占国民收入的比重下降。今年3月，预算责任办公室计算得出，第一项规则的实现将有236亿英镑的盈余空间。然而，预计这一空间已经缩小。
The previous chancellor, Rachel Reeves, set out two main rules, which the new leadership has vowed to follow. These are: Not to borrow to fund day-to-day public spending by the end of this parliament To get government debt falling as a share of national income by the end of this parliament In March, the OBR calculated that the first rule would be met with a gap - or headroom - of £23.6bn. However, this headroom is expected to have shrunk.
分析人士对于其下降幅度存在分歧。虽然政府借贷成本的上升将增加债务利息支出，但更高的通胀率可能会推高税收收入。
Analysts are divided on how much it may have fallen by. While a rise in government borrowing costs will increase debt interest payments, higher inflation could push up tax revenues.
毕马威（KPMG）认为政府的缓冲资金可能已降至120亿英镑，但财政研究所（Institute for Fiscal Studies）估计该数字可能为200亿英镑。关于预算案中将宣布哪些具体措施，外界一直存在猜测。
KPMG believes the government's buffer could have fallen to £12bn, but the Institute for Fiscal Studies estimates it could be £20bn. There has been speculation over what specific measures will be announced in the Budget.
银行税：银行高管已向英国广播公司（BBC）表示，他们预计希利（Healey）将提高对该行业的征税。英国各银行此前报告了丰厚的利润，导致工会呼吁提高税收。
Bank taxes Bank bosses have told the BBC they expect Healey to raise taxes on the sector. UK banks have been reporting bumper profits, leading to calls from unions for higher taxes.
财政部有多种选择：它可以提高目前为3%的利润附加税（该税率在前任保守党政府执政期间从8%下调），或者提高基于资产负债表规模的银行税。
The Treasury has options: it could raise a 3% surcharge on profits which was lowered from 8% under the previous Conservative government, or it could raise the bank levy that is based on the size of their balance sheets.
“你的第一个家”（Your First Home）计划：旨在帮助英格兰首次购房者置业的“你的第一个家”计划的更多细节，预计将在预算案中公布。
Your First Home scheme Further details on the Your First Home scheme, aimed at helping first-time buyers in England to purchase a property, are expected to be announced in the Budget.
该计划将允许人们以2.5%的首付购买新建住房。它将为购房者提供相当于房产价值20%的贷款，以帮助支付购房款。
The scheme will allow people to buy a new-build home with a deposit of 2.5%. It would provide them with a loan worth 20% of their property's value to help pay for the purchase.
此前有人担心，首次购房者的资格门槛在伦敦以外地区可能被设定为家庭总收入9万英镑，在伦敦则为11万英镑，这可能会将教师、护士或警官等职业的夫妇排除在外。
There were concerns raised that the threshold for eligibility for first-time buyers could be set at £90,000 for a combined income outside London, and £110,000 in the capital, which could have excluded couples such as teachers and nurses, or police officers.
但据英国广播公司（BBC）了解，该门槛现在将定为伦敦以外地区11万英镑，伦敦地区14万英镑。
But that threshold is will now be £110,000 outside of London, and £140,000 in the capital, the BBC understands.
资本利得税：此前曾有猜测称，资本利得税（CGT）——即对人们出售增值资产时所获利润征收的税——可能会发生变化，方式包括提高税率，或者取消或修订豁免条款。然而，这一可能性现已被排除。
Capital Gains Tax There had been speculation that Capital Gains Tax (CGT) - which is imposed on the profit people make when they sell an asset that has increased in value - could be changed, through either higher rates or by removing or amending exemptions. However, this has now been ruled out.
针对养老金领取者的支持：低收入养老金领取者有望通过一项新的个人免税额度免缴所得税。政府此前已承诺，不对仅依靠国家养老金获取收入的人群征税。但全额国家养老金即将超过目前12570英镑的起征点，这意味着约有100万人本需缴纳税款。
Support for pensioners Pensioners on low-incomes are expected to be shielded from income tax through a new personal allowance. The government had already committed to not taxing people who only get an income from the state pension. But the full state pension is set to rise above the current £12,570 threshold, meaning about one million people would have needed to pay tax.
企业税：《泰晤士报》报道称，亚马逊（Amazon）和eBay等在线零售巨头预计将被要求负责代扣代缴在其平台上交易的商户所欠税款。
Tax on businesses The Times has reported that online retail giants such as Amazon and eBay are expected to be made responsible for collecting tax owed by traders using their platforms.
该报称，政府预计将利用筹集到的资金削减商业街店铺的营业税，具体做法是将小型企业开始缴纳营业税的门槛从12000英镑提高到18000英镑。他还计划为小型酿酒厂提供支持。
The paper said the money raised is expected to be used by the government to cut business rates for High Street shops, by raising the threshold at which small companies start paying rates from £12,000 to £18,000. He is also planning support for small breweries.
燃油税：燃油税在保守党执政期间于2022年3月被冻结，基尔·斯塔默爵士（Sir Keir Starmer）领导的政府延续了这一冻结政策，并于5月决定将原定于9月实施的每升3便士的涨幅推迟至今年年底。
Fuel duty Fuel duty was frozen under the Conservatives in March 2022 and Sir Keir Starmer's government continued the freeze, deciding in May to push back a planned 3p increase in September until the end of this year.
希利（Healey）在9月下旬接受英国广播公司（BBC）采访时表示，处理汽油和柴油价格上涨的时间和地点是预算案发布之时，但他并未透露是否会再次延长冻结期限。
Healey told the BBC in late September that the time and place for dealing with rising petrol and diesel costs was the Budget, but would not give details on whether the freeze would be extended again.
能源账单：家庭能源账单预计将在1月份迎来四年来最大涨幅，预计典型年度账单将激增276英镑。有猜测称，希利正计划为领取特定福利的家庭提供能源账单援助。
Energy bills Household energy bills are set to see their biggest rise in four years in January, with a typical annual bill forecast to jump by £276. There has been speculation that Healey is planning energy bill help for households on certain benefits.
豪宅税：被称为“豪宅税”的高价值市政税附加费（High Value Council Tax Surcharge）是在去年的预算案中宣布的，并将从2028年4月起适用于英格兰地区价值超过200万英镑的房产。
Mansion tax The High Value Council Tax Surcharge - dubbed the mansion tax - was announced in last year's Budget and will apply to properties in England valued above £2m from April 2028.
此前曾有猜测称，政府正在考虑将该税种的适用范围扩大至价值超过150万英镑的房产。然而，目前的报道显示，希利已排除了这一可能性。
There had been speculation that the government was considering extending it to properties worth more than £1.5m. However, reports now suggest Healey has ruled this out.
削减繁文缛节：希利表示，政府计划削减“填表和无意义的文书工作”，以帮助英国企业节省高达8亿英镑的成本。部长们表示，拟议的法规变更将减少企业不必要的官僚主义。
Cutting red tape Healey has said the government plans to slash "form-filling and pointless paperwork" to save UK businesses up to £800m. Ministers have said the proposed changes in regulations will reduce unnecessary bureaucracy for businesses.
社会住房与经济适用房：希利预计将在未来十年英格兰社会住房和经济适用房390亿英镑的计划支出基础上，再增加10亿英镑。
Social and affordable housing Healey is expected to add another £1bn to the £39bn planned spend on social and affordable housing in England over the next decade.
权力下放支出：英格兰的区域机构和市长们将被赋予更大的支出权力，明年将首先获得2.85亿英镑，用于住房、交通和商业街等事务。未来，各地区将能够通过借贷在当地优先事项上投入更多资金。反对党怎么说？反对党已经发布了他们的替代预算提案。
Devolved spending Regional bodies and mayors in England will be given greater powers over spending, starting with £285m next year for things like housing, transport and High Streets. In future the regions will be able to borrow to spend more on local priorities. What are opposition parties saying? Opposition parties have released their alternative budget proposals.
保守党敦促财政大臣减少支出和借贷，并削减绿色税收、繁文缛节和福利，以降低能源账单。
The Conservatives are urging the chancellor to reduce spending and borrowing, as well as to cut green taxes, red tape and benefits to bring down energy bills.
英国改革党建议财政大臣采纳他们提出的60项政策，他们声称这些政策将创造就业机会，其中包括批准备受争议的罗斯班克（Rosebank）油田项目——据了解，希利支持该项目。经济表现如何？
Reform UK are recommending that the chancellor adopts 60 policies which they claim will create jobs - including approving the controversial Rosebank oil field - a project Healey is understood to back. How is the economy doing?
今年前三个月，英国经济增长了0.6%，而在4月至6月的季度中，经济增长了0.5%。
In the first three months of the year, the UK's economy grew by 0.6%, while in the April-to-June quarter it grew by 0.5%.
最新数据显示，继7月份增长0.4%之后，8月份经济增长了0.1%，这两个数字均强于预期。
The most recent data showed the economy grew by 0.1% in August after growth of 0.4% in July, with both figures stronger than expected.
分析人士表示，面对美以与伊朗战争引发的能源价格冲击，英国经济表现出了韧性。
Analysts say the UK economy is proving resilient in the face of energy price shocks caused by the US-Israel war with Iran.
在冲突导致霍尔木兹海峡这一石油和天然气贸易的关键水道实际上被关闭后，能源价格出现飙升。
Energy prices jumped after the conflict led to the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz, a key waterway for oil and gas trade.
经济学家预计，随着这些成本继续给家庭和企业带来压力，英国未来的经济增长将会放缓。
Economists expect UK growth to slow in the months ahead as those costs continue to weigh on households and businesses.
商品和服务价格的上涨速度仍高于预期。截至8月的一年中，通胀率达到3.1%，为五个月来的最高水平，且高于英国央行2%的目标，这主要是受汽油和柴油价格上涨的推动。
Prices for goods and services are still rising faster than wanted. Inflation hit 3.1% in the year to August, the highest rate in five months and above the Bank of England's 2% target, driven by higher petrol and diesel prices.
英国央行在9月份连续第六次将利率维持在3.75%，但表示如果高能源价格持续存在，利率可能会上升。预算案公布的时间是什么时候，之后会发生什么？
The Bank of England held interest rates at 3.75% for the sixth time in a row in September, but said they were likely to rise if high energy prices persist. What time is the Budget and what happens afterwards?
预算案演讲通常在英国时间12:30左右开始——在首相问答环节之后——并持续约一个小时。演讲将在BBC iPlayer和BBC新闻网站上进行直播。
The Budget speech usually starts at about 12:30 UK time - after Prime Minister's Questions - and lasts about an hour. It will be broadcast live on the BBC iPlayer and on the BBC News website.
反对党领袖、保守党议员凯米·巴德诺赫（Kemi Badenoch）将在下议院对该演讲作出回应。议员们将对这些措施进行为期四天的辩论，然后进行投票。如果获得议员批准，税收变更可以立即生效。然而，政府必须通过一项财政法案才能使这些变更永久化。
The Leader of the Opposition, Conservative MP Kemi Badenoch, will respond to the speech in the House of Commons. MPs debate the measures for four days, before voting on them. If approved by MPs, tax changes can come into effect immediately. However, the government must pass a finance bill to make them permanent.
