以色列选民在投票时面临的分歧议题 关于政府在2023年10月7日哈马斯发动袭击中失职的问责问题，笼罩着此次选举。
The Issues Dividing Israelis as They Vote The question of accountability for the government’s failures in the Hamas-led attacks on Oct. 7, 2023, looms over the election.
四年来的内部动荡、战争以及日益加剧的全球孤立，使以色列人在周二的全国大选中对国家未来产生了深刻分歧。民意调查显示，这将是一场势均力敌的角逐，总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡所在的政党及其对手均有可能无法获得多数席位。
Four years of internal turmoil, war and growing global isolation have left Israelis bitterly divided over their country’s future as they vote in national elections on Tuesday. Opinion polls suggest it will be a close race with the possibility that neither Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s party nor his opponents will secure a majority.
许多以色列人视此次选举为是否延续该国历史上最强硬、最右翼政府统治的抉择，而核心分歧线正是内塔尼亚胡本人。批评者称，他将以色列带到了历史最低点；支持者则视他为不可或缺的领袖，认为他在加沙、黎巴嫩和伊朗致力于消灭以色列的敌人。
Many Israelis see the election as choice over whether to continue the rule of the country’s most hard-line, right-wing government ever, and the dominant fault line is Mr. Netanyahu himself. Critics say he has steered Israel to the lowest point in its history, while his supporters see him as an indispensable leader who has tried to destroy Israel’s enemies in Gaza, Lebanon and Iran.
然而，除了内塔尼亚胡的领导力之外，还有许多议题正在撕裂这个国家。
Beyond Mr. Netanyahu’s leadership, however, there are plenty of issues polarizing the country.
对10月7日袭击的问责 2023年10月7日哈马斯发动的袭击笼罩着此次投票。据以色列当局称，袭击中约1200名以色列人丧生，250人被劫持为人质，这是以色列历史上最血腥的一天。以色列在加沙的军事回应造成7万多人死亡，并导致巴勒斯坦人大规模流离失所和广泛破坏。
Accountability for the Oct. 7 attacks The Hamas-led attacks of Oct. 7, 2023, loom over the vote. About 1,200 Israelis were killed in the assault and 250 were seized as hostages, according to the Israeli authorities, making it the deadliest day in Israeli history. Israel’s military response in Gaza killed more than 70,000 people and led to widespread destruction and displacement of Palestinians.
三年过去了，以色列人仍未得到官方解释，为何内塔尼亚胡政府和以色列军队未能预见袭击，并在哈马斯武装分子入侵村庄和一场音乐节、杀害平民时，甚至难以做出有效反应。
Three years later, Israelis still have no official answer about why Mr. Netanyahu’s government and the Israeli military failed to foresee the attacks and then struggled to respond even as Hamas fighters invaded villages and a music festival, killing civilians.
内塔尼亚胡的反对派——一个由反对党及其领导人组成的阵营——表示，他们将设立一个由最高法院院长任命、拥有广泛权力的独立调查委员会。内塔尼亚胡则呼吁成立一个“民主且公平”的委员会，由联盟和反对派各派出同等数量的代表组成。
Mr. Netanyahu’s opponents — a bloc of opposition parties and their leaders — have said they would establish an independent inquiry with broad authority, appointed by the president of the Supreme Court. Mr. Netanyahu has called for a “democratic and equitable” commission that would be made of an equal number of representatives of the coalition and the opposition.
遇难者和被劫持人质的家属普遍支持反对派，认为内塔尼亚胡的提议会将本应全面且客观的调查政治化。
Families of those killed and taken hostage broadly back the opposition, arguing that Mr. Netanyahu’s proposal would politicize what should be a comprehensive and dispassionate investigation.
极端正统派少数群体 世俗和自由派以色列人长期以来对极端正统派的地位感到不安。这个相对封闭的群体坚持对犹太教经典的原教旨主义式解释，约占人口的10%。他们的宗教学生有资格豁免强制兵役，尽管不参加工作，却仍能领取国家福利。
The ultra-Orthodox minority Secular and liberal Israelis have long been uneasy about the status of the ultra-Orthodox, an insular community that adheres to a fundamentalist interpretation of Jewish scripture and makes up about 10 percent of the population. Their religious students are eligible for an exemption from mandatory military service and receive state benefits despite not joining the work force.
在加沙和黎巴嫩的战争期间，这种长期积压的不满演变为愤怒。数百名其他背景的以色列人在战斗中阵亡，数十万更多的人执行了危险的预备役轮换任务。
During the wars in Gaza and Lebanon, that long-simmering frustration boiled over into outrage. Hundreds of Israelis from other backgrounds were killed in combat, and hundreds of thousands more did dangerous rounds of reserve duty.
内塔尼亚胡的政府严重依赖极端正统派政党的支持。他的反对派呼吁取消极端正统派的征兵豁免权，并切断逃避兵役者的福利待遇。
Mr. Netanyahu’s government has relied heavily on the support of ultra-Orthodox parties. His opponents have called for ending the exemption to the draft for the ultra-Orthodox and cutting off welfare benefits for those who avoid military service.
司法改革 战争爆发前，内塔尼亚胡政府曾试图推行一项极具争议的削弱以色列司法体系的计划。数十万以色列人通过大规模示威抗议该提案，指责内塔尼亚胡正将国家引向独裁。
Judicial overhaul Before the war, Mr. Netanyahu’s government had sought to advance a highly contentious plan to weaken Israel’s judiciary. Hundreds of thousands of Israelis protested the proposals in mass demonstrations, saying that Mr. Netanyahu was leading the country toward dictatorship.
哈马斯领导的袭击在很大程度上暂停了法院改革，其中部分内容也被最高法院的裁决推翻。但内塔尼亚胡的盟友表示，如果他们再次当选，将继续推进这些变革。
The Hamas-led attacks largely suspended the overhaul of the courts, part of which was also reversed by a Supreme Court ruling. But Mr. Netanyahu’s allies say they will push ahead with the changes if they are re-elected.
巴勒斯坦人 虽然全球的注意力都集中在约旦河西岸和加沙，但在国内，内塔尼亚胡及其反对者都更愿意将焦点放在其他问题上。尽管如此，他们对这些地区的未来有着不同的愿景。
The Palestinians While global attention has focused on the West Bank and Gaza, domestically both Mr. Netanyahu and his opponents have preferred to focus on other issues. Still, they have different visions for the future of these areas.
内塔尼亚胡的执政联盟由宗教民族主义者主导，他们以极快的速度推进了以色列在被占领的约旦河西岸的定居点建设。他们呼吁以色列敦促巴勒斯坦人离开加沙，其中一位高级部长曾表示，应让那里的状况保持悲惨，以“夺走他们的希望”。反对内塔尼亚胡的各政党派系林立的联盟对巴勒斯坦人持有截然不同的看法。民意调查显示将领导该联盟的加迪·埃森科特曾誓言，要遏制以色列极端分子对巴勒斯坦人的袭击，并参与特朗普政府关于加沙的停火计划。
Mr. Netanyahu’s coalition is dominated by religious nationalists who have advanced Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank at a breakneck pace. They have called for Israel to urge Palestinians to leave Gaza, with one senior minister saying conditions there should be kept miserable to “take away their hope.”The fractious bloc of parties opposing Mr. Netanyahu hold wildly diverging views on the Palestinians. Gadi Eisenkot, who opinion polls suggest will lead the alliance, has vowed to rein in Israeli extremist attacks on Palestinians and engage on the Trump administration’s cease-fire plan for Gaza.
亚伦·博克斯曼是《纽约时报》报道以色列和加沙的记者。他常驻耶路撒冷。
Aaron Boxerman is a Times reporter covering Israel and Gaza. He is based in Jerusalem.