底特律——本田汽车一名高管周二警告称，如果美国和加拿大无法在年底前达成新的贸易协议，汽车行业将面临“灾难性”局面。
DETROIT — The automotive industry faces a "catastrophic" scenario if the U.S. and Canada cannot reach a new trade deal by the end of this year, an executive with Honda Motor warned Tuesday.
美国总统唐纳德·特朗普威胁称，如果两国不能达成协议，将从1月1日起把对加拿大汽车及零部件的关税从25%翻倍至50%。
President Donald Trump has threatened to double tariffs on Canadian vehicles and parts from 25% to 50% on Jan. 1 if the two countries don't reach a deal.
“这对整个行业来说真的会是灾难性的，”美国本田汽车公司企业事务高级副总裁詹妮弗·托马斯在底特律举行的路透社汽车会议上表示。
"That really would be catastrophic for the entire industry," Jennifer Thomas, senior vice president of corporate affairs at American Honda Motor Co., said during a Reuters automotive conference in Detroit.
托马斯表示，理想情况下，两国还应将墨西哥纳入这一安排，达成一项三边协议，类似《美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定》（USMCA）。代表本田以及美国汽车行业所有主要参与者的贸易协会一直在推动这一更全面的协议，并反对两国之间的双边安排。
Thomas said, ideally, the countries would also include Mexico in the arrangement and reach a trilateral deal, like the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, or USMCA. Trade associations representing Honda, as well as every major player in the U.S. automotive industry, have been advocating for that more comprehensive accord and against bilateral arrangements between two countries.
她发表上述言论的几个月前，美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔宣布，美国不会自动延长USMCA，而是将该贸易协定转入年度审查程序，而非16年的三边延期。
Her comments come months after U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer announced that the U.S. would not automatically extend USMCA, moving the trade pact into an annual review process instead of a 16-year trilateral extension.
特朗普在其第一个任期内谈判达成USMCA，以取代《北美自由贸易协定》，该协定于2020年生效。他后来对其态度转冷，指责加拿大“多年来一直在占美利坚合众国的便宜”。托马斯表示，她“谨慎乐观”地认为，理性将占上风，从而避免关税翻倍——特朗普曾在8月威胁称，如果无法达成协议，将实施这一措施。
Trump negotiated USMCA to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement during his first term and it took effect in 2020. He later soured on it and accused Canada of "ripping off the United States of America for years." Thomas said she is "cautiously optimistic" that cooler heads will prevail to avoid the doubling of tariffs, which Trump threatened in August if no deal can be reached.
她说，近期有关美加已重启贸易谈判的报道令她感到鼓舞，其中包括放宽对铝等关键材料的征税。
She said she's encouraged by recent reports that the U.S. and Canada have reestablished trade talks, including easing levies on critical materials such as aluminum.
托马斯说：“我们的信息很明确：我们需要这项三边协议继续有效，这样美国产业才能保持竞争力。这对我们的成功不可或缺。”本田是加拿大第二大汽车生产商，仅次于丰田汽车，但许多汽车行业官员对缺乏北美贸易协议以及关税不确定性表示担忧，原因是汽车生产中有大量零部件经常跨境流动。
"Our message has been clear: We need that trilateral agreement to stay in place in order for the U.S. industry to be competitive," Thomas said. "It's integral to our success." Honda is the second largest producer of vehicles in Canada behind Toyota Motor, but many automotive officials have voiced concerns about the lack of a North American trade deal and tariff uncertainty due to the number of parts that regularly cross the borders for vehicle production.
尽管本田在加拿大建立了大规模业务，但该公司报告称，其在美国销售的汽车中超过60%是在美国多家组装厂国内生产的。
While Honda has established large operations in Canada, the company reports that more than 60% of the vehicles it sells in the U.S. are manufactured domestically across multiple U.S. assembly plants.
托马斯说：“我从没想过北美地区会陷入这样的劣势。”他还补充说，一些海外国家享有更优惠的关税税率。
"I never thought I would see the North American region be put at a disadvantage like this," Thomas said, adding that some overseas countries have better tariff rates.
特朗普政府已与日本和韩国等其他国家谈判达成贸易协议，其中包括对汽车征收15%的关税。日本和韩国是向美国出口汽车的主要国家。
The Trump administration has negotiated trade deals with other countries such as Japan and South Korea, which are major exporters of vehicles to the U.S., that include 15% tariffs on vehicles.