阿拉斯加州的美国参议员选举卷入了围绕鱼类的激烈情感之争。该州许多人依靠鲑鱼养家糊口，但如今鲑鱼和其他鱼类越来越难找到了。文字记录主持人胡安娜·萨默斯：特朗普总统正试图先发制人地阻止阿拉斯加州的选举结果，以防共和党现任议员落败。但在该州，参议员选举的核心议题一直是一场围绕鱼类的激烈情感之争。
Alaska's U.S. Senate race is embroiled in an emotional fight over fish. Many in the state rely upon salmon to feed their families but those fish and others are increasingly hard to find. Transcript JUANA SUMMERS, HOST: President Trump is trying to preemptively block election results in Alaska if the Republican incumbent loses. But in that state, the big issue in the Senate race has been an emotional fight over fish.
这是因为，长期以来维持原住民生计的鲑鱼不再回到阿拉斯加西部的一些河流。虽然住在偏远村庄的人们对鲑鱼减少的感受最为深切，但这个问题最终可能影响数千英里之外华盛顿特区的权力平衡。阿拉斯加公共媒体的利兹·拉斯金报道。
And that's because the salmon that have long sustained Indigenous people are not returning to some Western Alaska rivers. While people living in remote villages feel the loss of salmon most acutely, the issue could ultimately affect the balance of power thousands of miles away in Washington, D.C. Alaska public media's Liz Ruskin reports.
记者利兹·拉斯金：埃文·瓦斯卡住在水边。他说，他的父母在放弃游牧生活后就在这里定居。埃文·瓦斯卡：嗯，这是我的熏鱼房，我们就在这里熏鱼，对吧？
LIZ RUSKIN, BYLINE: Evon Waska lives at the water's edge, where he says his parents settled when they gave up their nomadic life. EVON WASKA: Well, this is my smokehouse, and this is where we make smoke, right?
拉斯金：瓦斯卡的晾鱼架上本该挂满鲑鱼，但现在空空如也。如今多数年份，从白令海洄游到他所在的库斯科奎姆河的鲑鱼太少。为了保护鱼类，政府机构经常禁止在河中捕鱼，甚至对像瓦斯卡这样为养家糊口而捕鱼的人也不例外。瓦斯卡将矛头指向拖网渔船——那些在离岸数英里外作业的工业渔船。
RUSKIN: Waska's drying racks should be filled with salmon, but they're empty. Most years now, too few salmon return from the Bering Sea to his river, the Kuskokwim. To conserve fish, government agencies often close the river to fishing, even to those like Waska who fish to feed their families. Waska blames trawlers, industrial fishing boats miles offshore.
瓦斯卡：他们不禁止拖网渔船。他们先禁止的是我和我的族人捕鱼。
WASKA: They don't close the trawlers. They close me and my people first.
拉斯金：瓦斯卡正面对着一个价值 10 亿美元的产业，其中大部分总部设在西雅图。想象一个袜状的网，长四分之一英里，开口宽如一座橄榄球场。拖网渔船拖曳的就是这种网来捕捞狭鳕。这种白鱼被制成仿蟹肉，端上你的麦当劳麦香鱼汉堡。但那些网里也一并捞上来了珍贵的帝王鲑和其他鱼类。它们是误捕上来并被浪费掉的，这就是所谓的“副渔获物”问题。阿拉斯加人对此愤怒日甚。如今，在阿拉斯加可能决定美国参议院权力平衡的一年里，鱼成了这里政治广告的满屏主角。
RUSKIN: Waska is up against a $1 billion industry, much of it based in Seattle. Picture a sock-shaped net that's a quarter mile long with an opening as wide as a football field. That's what trawlers tow to catch pollock. The white fish is served to you as imitation crab in McDonald's Filet-O-Fish. But also scooped up in those nets are prized king salmon and other fish. They're caught by accident and wasted, a problem known as bycatch. Alaskans are increasingly angry about it. Now, in a year where Alaska could decide the balance of power in the U.S. Senate, fish are all over political ads here.
旁白 1：参议员沙利文正在推动立法以减少副渔获物、强化阿拉斯加渔业。请致电参议员丹·沙利文。感谢他，并告诉他继续为阿拉斯加渔民而战。旁白 2：丹·沙利文收受州外企业拖网渔船的巨额资金。旁白 3：玛丽·佩尔托拉为了拉选票编造了许多鱼的故事。
UNIDENTIFIED NARRATOR #1: Senator Sullivan is championing legislation to reduce bycatch and strengthen Alaska's fisheries. Call Senator Dan Sullivan. Thank him and tell him to keep fighting for Alaska fishermen. UNIDENTIFIED NARRATOR #2: Dan Sullivan is taking big money from out-of-state corporate trawlers. UNIDENTIFIED NARRATOR #3: Mary Peltola tells a lot of fish tales to get votes.
拉斯金：共和党参议员丹·沙利文一直是狭鳕产业的盟友。但今年，他大力推介一项新法案。
RUSKIN: Republican Senator Dan Sullivan has been an ally of the pollock industry. But this year, he's touting a new bill.
丹·沙利文：这是有史以来最全面的副渔获物立法，旨在减少副渔获物、保护海底栖息地。
DAN SULLIVAN: It's the most comprehensive bycatch legislation ever to reduce bycatch, protect seafloor habitat.
拉斯金：民主党参议员挑战者玛丽·佩尔托拉是原住民，来自库斯科克维姆。她表示将禁止工厂拖网渔船——即狭鳕船队中最大的船只。她称沙利文的法案是选举年的花招。
RUSKIN: Democratic Senate challenger Mary Peltola is Indigenous, from the Kuskokwim. She says she'd ban factory trawlers, the largest of the pollock fleet. She calls Sullivan's bill an election year ploy.
玛丽·佩尔托拉：丹·沙利文从拖网渔船那里捞了 30 多万美元，却等到最后关头才拿出一个半心半意、半吊子的方案。
MARY PELTOLA: Dan Sullivan reeled in over $300,000 from trawlers and waited until the 11th hour for a half-hearted and half-baked solution.
拉斯金：希瑟·曼（音）领导一个拖网渔船协会。她说，将矛头指向狭鳕渔业无助于阿拉斯加西部。
RUSKIN: Heather Mann (ph) leads a trawlers association. She says scapegoating the pollock fishery won't help western Alaska.
希瑟·曼：即使你消灭了狭鳕渔业，科学表明，鲑鱼洄游恢复的几率只会产生微乎其微的影响。
HEATHER MANN: Even if you were to eliminate pollock, the chances of salmon runs being restored, what the science shows us is it would have a minimal impact.
鲁斯金：今年以来，阿拉斯加狭鳕拖网渔船称已捕获4万条阿拉斯加鲑鱼。这种浪费只是巨额狭鳕捕捞量中的极小一部分。鲁斯金：但在库斯科克维姆河畔的奎斯卢克村，这令人愤慨。
RUSKIN: So far this year, pollock trawlers say they've caught 40,000 Alaska salmon. The waste is a tiny percentage of the massive pollock harvest. RUSKIN: But in the Kuskokwim River village of Kwethluk, it's galling.
鲁斯金：自给自足捕鱼是这里的主要生计，也是文化的支柱。部落主席玛丽·尼古拉伊走进邻居未曾使用的冷熏鱼房。看到它整个夏天都闲置，她感到痛心。
RUSKIN: Subsistence fishing is the main occupation here and the backbone of the culture. Tribal president Mary Nikolai steps into a neighbor's cold smokehouse. It pains her to see it was unused all summer.
玛丽·尼古拉伊：大多数熏鱼房都像这样。这就像是一股慢慢将我们的劳动力挤出去的趋势。
MARY NICOLAI: Most of the smokehouses are like this. And it's like a slow trend of closing our workforce out.
鲁斯金：无论谁获胜，她都希望这场势均力敌的参议院竞选能让世界看到他们面临的威胁。
RUSKIN: Regardless of who wins, she hopes this close Senate race tells the world of the threat they face.
美国国家公共广播电台新闻，我是莉兹·鲁斯金，在阿拉斯加奎斯卢克为您报道。使用条款 权限页面 以获取更多信息。
For NPR News, I'm Liz Ruskin in Kwethluk, Alaska. terms of use permissions pages at for further information.
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