法国参议院通过了一项有争议的措施，可能会从家庭的住房补贴中扣除骚乱造成的损失。
France's Senate has approved a controversial measure that could deduct riot-related damages from a family’s housing aid.
托马斯·亚当森 巴黎 —— 在法国，骚乱的账单很快可能会由家庭的住房补贴来买单。暴力人群中的一些人可能被迫为他们从未打破的窗户付费。
THOMAS ADAMSON PARIS — In France, the bill for a riot could soon be paid from a family’s housing aid. Some people in a violent crowd could be made to pay for windows they never broke.
法国参议院本周以229票赞成、105票反对通过了该措施，距离生活成本抗议演变成该国多年来最严重骚乱、造成估计超过10亿欧元（约合11亿美元）损失还不到两周。仅在一个周末，警方就逮捕了近2400人；当局称数千家商店遭洗劫或损毁。大火烧毁了利摩日19世纪的市政厅。法国并非孤例：在整个西欧，政府正越过骚乱者本人，将追责对象延伸至他们的父母，以及发出走上街头号召的应用程序。
France’s Senate approved the measure 229-105 this week, less than two weeks after cost-of-living protests spiraled into the country’s worst unrest in years leading to estimated damage of over 1 billion euros ($1.1 billion). In one weekend, police arrested nearly 2,400 people; authorities say thousands of shops were looted or damaged. Fire gutted Limoges’ 19th-century city hall France is not alone: Across Western Europe, governments are reaching past the rioters — to their parents, and to the apps that carry the call to the streets.
事态可能尚未平息。西班牙事实核查机构Maldita.es发现，至少九个欧洲国家的46个城市出现了万圣节抗议的号召。其中一些号召煽动抢劫。
And it may not be over. Spanish fact-checker Maldita.es has found calls for Halloween protests in 46 cities in at least nine European countries. Some urge looting.
官员称，目的是预防下一次骚乱并为上一次骚乱买单。批评者警告，扩大责任范围可能惩罚未实施暴力的人，并让其他人不敢抗议。“骚乱者买单”在法国，任何明知故犯地加入准备实施暴力的团体者，均可被追偿他人破坏造成的高达1万欧元（约合1.12万美元）损失。任何在警察命令暴力人群解散后明知故犯地留下者，也可被追偿此后造成的损失。
Officials say the aim is to prevent the next riot and pay for the last. Critics warn that widening responsibility could punish people who committed no violence and make others afraid to protest. ‘Rioters pay’In France, anyone who knowingly joins a group preparing violence could be made to pay up to 10,000 euros ($11,200) for what others destroy. So could anyone who knowingly stays after police order a violent crowd to disperse, for damage done afterward.
参议院报告称，追缴是难点：违法者往往没钱，或拥有法律保护不得扣押的收入。该法案将开辟另一资金来源：国家发放给帮助家庭生活的补贴。
Collecting is the hard part, a Senate report says: Offenders often have little money, or income the law protects from seizure. The bill would open another source: money the state pays to help families live.
法国法律已经普遍规定，父母需对其未满18岁子女造成的损害承担责任。根据该法案，一旦法院判决生效，赔偿金可从家庭津贴和住房援助中扣除。参议员们增加了RSA（法国的最低收入福利，单身人士每月最高约650欧元，约合730美元）甚至开学津贴（家庭用于购买学习用品的补助）作为扣款来源。最低生活费金额将受到保护，不被扣除。
French law already generally holds parents liable for damage caused by their children under 18. Under the bill, once a court ruling is final, the money could be deducted from family allowances and housing aid. Senators added the RSA, France’s minimum-income benefit, worth up to about 650 euros ($730) a month for a single person, and even the back-to-school allowance families get for supplies. A minimum amount would remain protected for living expenses.
共产党参议员法比安·盖伊援引案例称，一个领取RSA的家庭每月被扣除57欧元（约合63美元）。按此速度，偿还1万欧元需要近15年。
Communist Sen. Fabien Gay cited monthly deductions of 57 euros ($63) from a household receiving RSA. At that rate, repaying 10,000 euros would take nearly 15 years.
支持者表示，受害者理应获得赔偿，纳税人不应承担成本。一扇大型商铺橱窗的更换费用可达数万欧元。据保险业联合会“法国保险业”统计，2023年骚乱期间，保险公司就1.64万起索赔支付了7.93亿欧元（约合8.88亿美元）。
Supporters say victims deserve compensation and taxpayers shouldn’t carry the cost. One large shop window can cost tens of thousands of euros to replace. After riots in 2023, insurers paid 793 million euros ($888 million) on 16,400 claims, according to France Assureurs, the insurers’ federation.
人权组织敦促立法者否决该法案，警告这可能会阻碍和平抗议，并损害依赖福利生存的家庭。
Human rights groups urged lawmakers to reject the bill, warning it could discourage peaceful protest and hurt families who depend on benefits.
国际特赦组织法国分部的娜塔莉·戈达尔在一份声明中表示：“扣押这些款项‘可能对最贫困人群造成灾难性后果’。”
Seizing those payments “could have disastrous consequences for the poorest,” Nathalie Godard of Amnesty International France said in a statement.
极右翼在由保守派主导的参议院支持该法案。接下来将提交国民议会，那里没有任何政治集团拥有多数席位。
The far right backed the bill in the conservative-led Senate. Next comes the National Assembly, where no bloc has a majority.
扣押骚乱者福利长期以来是极右翼国民联盟党领袖玛丽娜·勒庞的主张。如今政府将其据为己有，而她在明年春季总统大选的民调中领跑。
Seizing rioters’ benefits was long an idea of Marine Le Pen, leader of the far-right National Rally party. Now the government has made it its own, and she leads the polls for next spring’s presidential election.
一个法语单词跨越国境 法国学生称关闭学校的抗议活动为“blocus”（封锁/罢课）。在巴塞罗那，它变成了一个话题标签。
A French word travels the border French students call a protest that shuts their school a “blocus,” or blockade. In Barcelona, it became a hashtag.
加泰罗尼亚自治区内政部长努里亚·帕隆对Cadena SER电台表示，带有该标签的TikTok帖子号召人们于10月24日周六前往加泰罗尼亚广场，二维码将他们引向WhatsApp或Telegram频道。
TikTok posts under the tag called people to Catalonia Square on Saturday, Oct. 24, and QR codes sent them to WhatsApp or Telegram channels, Catalonia’s interior chief, Núria Parlon, told Cadena SER radio.
在纸面上，这是一场关于教育的抗议活动。帕隆表示，抗议没有路线。没有横幅。没有宣言。只有一拨拨10到15人的年轻男子在抢劫商店、焚烧垃圾桶并砸毁公交车站。
On paper, it was a protest over education. There was no route, Parlon said. No banners. No manifesto. Just groups of 10 to 15 young men looting stores, burning trash containers and smashing bus stops.
一名在现场的美联社记者说，当警察赶到时，这群劫掠者四散逃跑。
When police arrived, the looters scattered, said an AP journalist who was at the scene.
据西班牙埃菲社报道，警方通报称有130人被捕，其中包括76名未成年人。
Police reported 130 arrests, including 76 minors, according to Spanish news agency EFE.
据西班牙打假网站Maldita.es报道，一些宣传此类集会的TikTok账号已经消失，而另一些账号则在宣传万圣节的新抗议活动。在一个Telegram群组中，消息敦促人们戴上口罩和手套，等待有关没有警察的商店的通知。“你砸坏，你赔偿”在意大利，争论是从另一类家庭开始的。意大利总理焦尔吉娅·梅洛尼于10月20日在米兰发生抢劫事件后宣布了一项安全令，她表示：“那个店铺橱窗背后，是一个倾注了一生心血与牺牲的家庭。”
Some TikTok accounts promoting the gatherings disappeared, while others advertised new Halloween protests, Maldita.es reported. In one Telegram group, messages urged people to wear masks and gloves and wait to be told of a shop “without police.”‘You break it, you pay’In Italy, the argument starts with another family. “Behind that shop window there is a family that has invested a lifetime of sacrifices,” Premier Giorgia Meloni said Oct. 20, announcing a security decree after looting in Milan.
她的原则可以用三个意大利语词来概括：“Chi rompe paga”——你砸坏，你赔偿。“如果砸坏东西的是未成年人，”她说，“他们的父母来赔偿。”父母现在将面临最高1000欧元（约合1120美元）的罚款，再犯则罚款翻倍，除非他们能证明自己无法阻止孩子。他们还可能被责令赔偿损失。
Her principle fits in three Italian words: “Chi rompe paga” — you break it, you pay. “And if the one who breaks it is a minor,” she said, “their parents pay.”Parents now face fines of up to 1,000 euros ($1,120), doubled for a repeat offense, unless they prove they couldn’t have stopped their child. They can be made to pay for damage.
安全研究公司START InSight的主任克劳迪奥·贝尔托洛蒂表示，追究父母的责任可能会有所帮助，但“仅靠罚款不太可能遏制那些受同辈压力或追求群体认同驱动的青少年。”组织抗议暴力活动（甚至在网上）现在面临4年至12年的监禁。
Holding parents accountable may help, said Claudio Bertolotti, director of START InSight, a security research firm, but “fines alone are unlikely to deter teenagers driven by peer pressure or a desire for group recognition.”Organizing protest violence, even online, now carries four to 12 years in prison.
帕隆表示，在橱窗被砸碎之前，Telegram和WhatsApp“必须关闭此类煽动暴力的频道”。
Before the window breaks Telegram and WhatsApp “must shut down such channels when they incite violence,” Parlon said.
Telegram发言人雷米·沃恩告诉美联社，该公司支持和平言论和抗议，但“明确禁止煽动暴力、破坏公物和盗窃的行为，一旦发现此类内容将被删除”。他说，Telegram已经删除了与马德里抗议活动有关的此类煽动内容。
Telegram spokesperson Remi Vaughn told The Associated Press the company supports peaceful speech and protest, but “calls for violence, vandalism and theft are explicitly forbidden and are removed whenever discovered.”He said Telegram had removed such calls linked to protests in Madrid.
TikTok和拥有WhatsApp的Meta未回应置评请求。
TikTok and Meta, which owns WhatsApp, did not respond to requests for comment.
据西班牙媒体报道，Telegram关闭了一个在巴塞罗那推广万圣节抢劫的群组，但一个替代群组吸引了超过2000名成员。
Telegram closed a Barcelona group promoting Halloween looting, but a replacement drew more than 2,000 members, Spanish media reported.
法国的法案将允许当局在未经法院事先批准的情况下要求删除某些非法的暴力或抢劫号召。如果这些内容在24小时后仍未删除，当局可以下令封锁相关网址。这些决定可以在法庭上受到质疑。
The French bill would let authorities demand removal of certain illegal calls to violence or looting without prior court approval. If they stay up 24 hours, they could order the web addresses blocked. Those decisions could be challenged in court.
美国则走的是相反的方向。美国法律通常保护平台免于因用户发帖而承担民事责任，特朗普政府称欧洲的规则是审查制度。
The United States is going the other way. Its law generally shields platforms from civil liability for users’ posts, and the Trump administration calls Europe’s rules censorship.
英国的情况显示了删除内容的局限性。2024年，绍斯波特三名女孩被杀后，虚假说法在网上传播，随后发生了骚乱。一个议会委员会发现，算法放大了有害内容，其中大部分是合法的。
Britain shows the limits of takedowns. After three girls were killed in Southport in 2024, false claims spread online and riots followed. A parliamentary committee found that algorithms amplified harmful material, much of it legal.
根据法国的法案，原本用于住房和养育子女的资金可能会被用来支付一家遭抢劫店铺的费用。
Under France’s bill, money meant to house and raise children could help pay for a looted shop.