欧盟委员会希望由欧盟边境机构Frontex监控社交媒体上关于移民的公开帖子，并将非法内容标记给平台。欧洲议会议员和数字权利组织表示，该计划将网络言论置于边境机构的监视之下。
The European Commission wants Frontex, the EU’s border agency, to monitor public social media posts about migration. It would also flag illegal content to platforms. MEPs and digital rights groups say the plan puts online speech under a border agency’s watch.
欧盟委员会于周二提出这一修改，作为对Frontex进行全面改革的一部分。欧盟科技事务负责人亨娜·维尔库宁告诉记者，Frontex将设立一个针对公开社交媒体内容的在线监控与响应中心，伊丽莎·格克里齐为《政治报·欧洲版》报道。
The Commission proposed the change on Tuesday as part of a wider overhaul of Frontex. EU tech chief Henna Virkkunen told reporters that Frontex would get an online monitoring and response centre for public social media content, Eliza Gkritsi reported for Politico Europe.
该中心将关注与边境管理相关的新闻，并支持对与边境安全风险相关的非法内容采取行动。
The centre would watch for news relevant to border management. It would also support action against illegal content linked to border security risks.
快速移除通道：欧盟委员会在其新闻材料中表示，Frontex还将作为《数字服务法》下的可信举报者。平台必须快速处理可信举报者举报的内容。国家监管机构在核查申请者的专业能力和独立性后授予该身份。
A fast track for removals Frontex would also act as a trusted flagger under the Digital Services Act, the Commission said in its press material. Platforms must deal quickly with content reported by a trusted flagger. National regulators grant the status after checking an applicant’s expertise and independence.
维尔库宁随后澄清，Frontex必须提出申请。她表示，鉴于其“特殊专长”，她预计监管机构会予以批准。该机构还可以要求国家当局发布移除令。
Virkkunen later clarified that Frontex would have to apply. She said she expected regulators to approve it because of its “special expertise”. The agency could also ask national authorities to issue removal orders.
改革的其余部分涉及驱逐出境。Frontex的常备部队将增至3万名警员。据《布鲁塞尔时报》报道，该机构还将支持从一个非欧盟国家遣返至另一个非欧盟国家。据《政治报》报道，欧盟委员会还希望在未来七年内将Frontex的预算翻倍。
The rest of the overhaul is about deportations. Frontex’s standing corps would grow to 30,000 officers. The agency would also support returns from one non-EU country to another, The Brussels Times reported. The Commission also wants to double Frontex’s budget over the next seven years, according to Politico.
据《政治报》报道，今年7月，数千名移民在数小时内越境进入西班牙飞地休达。社交媒体在那场危机中发挥了核心作用。“将网络言论置于监视之下”意大利社会民主党欧洲议会议员布兰多·贝尼费伊告诉《政治报》，移除人口走私的在线广告是合理的。
In July, thousands of migrants crossed into Ceuta, the Spanish exclave, within a few hours. Social media played a central role in that crisis, Politico reported. ‘Placing online speech under watch’Italian social democrat MEP Brando Benifei told Politico it was legitimate to remove online adverts for people smuggling.
“但一项广泛的社交媒体监控授权走得更远，将网络言论置于边境机构的监视之下，”他说。
“But a broad social media surveillance mandate goes much further, placing online speech under a border agency’s watch,” he said.
2019年曾有一项带有类似监控权力的招标，但在遭到隐私方面的批评后被撤销。贝尼费伊表示，欧盟委员会现在提议“照搬美国移民及海关执法局那种侵入性的网络追踪做法”，他指的是美国移民机构。本周，该机构的工作人员详细信息在国土安全部的一起泄露事件中被曝光。
A 2019 tender with similar monitoring powers was revoked after privacy criticism. Benifei said the Commission now proposes “copying ICE’s invasive online tracking”, a reference to the US immigration agency. That agency’s staff details surfaced this week in a Homeland Security leak.
据《政治报》报道，数字权利组织EDRi的扬·彭弗拉特表示：“《数字服务法》的可信举报者计划从来就不是为了让警察部队在评估人们网络言论合法性时绕过正当程序而设计的。”
“The DSA’s trusted flagger program was never conceived for police forces to circumvent due process when assessing the legality of people’s online expression,” said Jan Penfrat of the digital rights group EDRi, according to Politico.
批评跨越了党派界限。波兰右翼欧洲议会议员彼得·穆勒对《政治报》表示，这项授权必须针对走私者，而不是针对有关移民的观点。曾任欧洲边境管理局局长的法布里斯·莱格里现为法国极右翼国民联盟的欧洲议会议员，他称这是企图进行审查。
The criticism crosses party lines. Polish right-wing MEP Piotr Müller told Politico the mandate must target smugglers, not opinions about migration. Fabrice Leggeri, a former Frontex director now sitting for France’s far-right National Rally, called it an attempt at censorship.
支持者希望获得更多细节。爱尔兰中右翼欧洲议会议员雷吉娜·多尔蒂对《政治报》表示，边境当局需要工具来打击走私者。她说，一些人利用社交媒体宣传危险的越境行为。她表示，优先事项是建立清晰的法律框架。德国中右翼欧洲议会议员安德烈亚斯·施瓦布表示，欧盟应当利用《数字服务法》，而不是增加新工具。
Supporters want detail Irish centre-right MEP Regina Doherty told Politico that border authorities need tools against smugglers. Some use social media to promote dangerous crossings, she said. She said the priority is a clear legal framework. German centre-right MEP Andreas Schwab said the EU should use the DSA rather than add new tools.
欧盟委员会发言人纪尧姆·梅西耶对《政治报》表示，任何监控都将仅限于边境和移民管理。《数字服务法》已经允许监管机构对未能处理非法内容的平台处以罚款。
Commission spokesperson Guillaume Mercier told Politico that any monitoring would stay limited to border and migration management. The DSA already lets regulators fine platforms that fail to act on illegal content.
该提案现将提交欧洲议会和欧盟各国政府在理事会进行谈判。这加剧了欧盟在安全与隐私法律之间长期存在的紧张关系。
The proposal now goes to the European Parliament and EU governments in the Council for negotiation. It adds to a long-running EU tension between safety and privacy laws.