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埃隆·马斯克卷走了160亿美元纳税人资金Elon Musk Made Off With $16 Billion of Taxpayer Money

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埃隆·马斯克从唐纳德·特朗普手中接过国家科学奖章。Elon Musk receives the National Medal of Science from Donald Trump.

你知道吗,有一项法律禁止联邦承包商向政党、委员会或联邦公职候选人竞选捐款?如果你不知道,也不用难过,因为似乎埃隆·马斯克也不知道。

Did you know that there’s a law barring federal contractors from making campaign contributions to a political party, committee, or candidate for federal office? Don’t feel bad if you don’t, because neither, it seems, does Elon Musk.

CNN资金与政治记者弗雷德雷卡·肖滕10月26日将马斯克描述为“一个前所未有的超级捐款人”。他在中期选举上花费了超过4.45亿美元,这是任何非候选人身份的捐款人在一次选举中花费的最高金额。这还不包括两年前马斯克为当选特朗普和其他共和党人花费的2.91亿美元。

CNN money and politics reporter Fredreka Schouten described Musk on October 26 as “a megadonor unlike anyone this country has ever seen.”He’s spent more than $445 million on the midterm elections, which is more than anybody ever spent on an election where the donor was not himself a candidate. That doesn’t count the $291 million Musk spent two years ago to elect Trump and other Republicans.

除了是超级捐款人,马斯克还是一位超级联邦承包商,主要通过他的航空航天公司SpaceX。据民主捍卫者行动(Democracy Defenders Action)的一份最新报告,该非营利法律组织由诺姆·艾森(诺姆·艾森曾担任特朗普总统第一次弹劾期间众议院司法委员会的共同法律顾问)联合创办,马斯克“自离开政府以来已赢得至少100亿美元的合同”。

In addition to being a megadonor, Musk is a mega federal contractor, largely through his aerospace company, SpaceX. According to a new report by Democracy Defenders Action, a nonprofit legal group co-founded by Norm Eisen (co-counsel for the House Judiciary Committee during President Donald Trump’s first impeachment), Musk has “won at least $10 billion in contracts since he left the government.”

那只是17个月前的事,当时他正卷入一场备受关注的与总统的争执。这100亿美元实际上是在2025年之前马斯克从联邦政府那里榨取的380亿美元之外的,而且还不包括马斯克在负责特朗普的政府效率部期间榨取的63亿美元。政府效率部本应削减政府开支,但却制造了5170亿美元的账单,这还不包括马斯克同时口袋里装进的63亿美元联邦合同,以及他后来口袋里装进的100亿美元。有这样的敌人,谁还需要朋友?

That was a mere 17 months ago, amid a heavily publicized feud with the president. That $10 billion is actually in addition to the $38 billion that Musk suckled from the federal teat before 2025, and it doesn’t count the $6.3 billion that Musk extracted while he was running Trump’s Department of Government Efficiency. DOGE was supposed to cut government spending, but instead it ran up a bill of $517 billion, not counting the $6.3 billion in federal contracts Musk pocketed at the same time, nor the $10 billion Musk pocketed later. With enemies like this, who needs friends?

很难想象比1940年国会认为已禁止的那种欺诈行为更极端的例子了。“那些从政府合同中获利的人,”弗吉尼亚州参议员哈里·伯德说,他作为1939年哈奇法案的一项修正案提出了该法案,不应进行竞选捐款,因为这些捐款“在某些情况下可能被视为为了获得政府合同而行贿”。水门事件揭露尼克松竞选官员参与授予总务管理局的建筑和工程设计合同后,国会加强了该禁令。该禁令在2015年仍得到哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院的维持。

It’s hard to imagine a more extreme example of the sort of chicanery that Congress thought it banned way back in 1940. “Those who are making money out of government contracts,” said Virginia Senator Harry Byrd, who sponsored the measure as an amendment to the 1939 Hatch Act, should not make campaign contributions because these “may be considered in some instances as bribery in order to secure governmental contracts.”Congress strengthened the ban after the Watergate scandal revealed that Nixon campaign officials had a hand in awarding architectural and engineering design contracts from the General Services Administration. The ban was upheld by the D.C. Circuit as recently as 2015.

马斯克在第二个特朗普政府中投资了7.36亿美元,获得了163亿美元的回报,回报率达2200%。为什么这个人还没有进监狱?因为当涉及的承包商是一家公司时——情况几乎总是如此——该公司的高管、董事、主要股东和政治行动委员会仍然可以在联邦选举中花钱。此外,该禁令不涵盖超级政治行动委员会(如马斯克的美国政治行动委员会)的所谓“无限独立支出”,后者约占马斯克支出的一半。这些漏洞大到可以让尼古拉·特拉科马斯TR 10x10 D100卡车通过。

Musk invested $736 million in the second Trump administration and got back $16.3 billion, a return of 2,200 percent. So why isn’t the guy in jail? Because when the contractor in question is a corporation, as it nearly always is, the corporation’s officers, directors, major shareholders, and political action committees remain free to spend on federal elections. In addition, the ban does not cover unlimited so-called “independent expenditures” by super PACs such as Musk’s America PAC, which accounts for about half of Musk’s expenditures. These are loopholes through which you can drive a Nicolas Tractomas TR 10x10 D100.

尤其令人恼火的是,马斯克正在榨取他2025年初曾动斧头砍伐的同一联邦官僚体系(正如我本月初所指出的,那些在DOGE手下工作、玩《侏儒要塞》的小恶棍们也是如此)。马斯克的这两项事业并非毫无关联。民主捍卫者行动组织的报告指出,联邦政府在DOGE“解雇了联邦政府新兴空中交通管制计划的许多员工”之后,才给予SpaceX其最机密的空间跟踪数据的独家访问权,该报告引用了《卫报》记者汤姆·珀金斯10月25日的报道。

It’s especially galling that Musk is milking the same federal bureaucracy to which he took an axe in early 2025 (as are, I noted earlier this month, the Dwarf Fortress–playing little creeps who worked under Musk at DOGE). Musk’s twin endeavors were not unconnected. The Democracy Defenders Action report notes that the federal government gave SpaceX exclusive access to its most closely held space-tracking data only after DOGE “fired many of the federal government’s nascent space traffic control program’s staff,” citing an October 25 report by Tom Perkins in The Guardian.

事实上,DOGE解雇了除一人以外的所有交通管制人员(大概是为了在法院的扣押挑战中作为保险)。接下来几乎可以肯定的一步将是联邦政府将空中交通管制完全私有化,并将其移交给SpaceX。民主党国会调查人员,请注意。

Indeed, DOGE fired all but one of the traffic control staff (presumably as insurance against an impoundment challenge in court). The all-but-certain next step will be for the federal government to privatize space traffic control entirely and hand it over to SpaceX. Democratic congressional investigators, take note.

据民主捍卫者行动组织称,最大的合同奖项是42亿美元和23亿美元,用于帮助美国太空部队建设特朗普的“金穹”导弹防御系统。“金穹”是罗纳德·里根失败的“星球大战”计划的重演,灵感来自以色列“金穹”的成功,后者覆盖的面积大约只有美国的450分之一。这些合同是根据一种名为“其他交易授权”的快速流程批准的,据《华尔街日报》的德鲁·菲茨杰拉德和米卡·梅登伯格报道,该流程使决策绕过了“通常会减缓武器和其他技术采购进程的许多法规”。据菲茨杰拉德和梅登伯格报道,五角大楼的请求“与SpaceX的能力高度吻合”。真是巧合。

The biggest contract awards, according to Democracy Defenders Action, are $4.2 billion and $2.3 billion to help the U.S. Space Force build Trump’s Golden Dome missile defense system. The Golden Dome is a replay of Ronald Reagan’s failed Star Wars program, inspired by the success of Israel’s Golden Dome, which covers an area approximately 1/450th the size of the United States. The contracts were approved under a fast-track process called “other transaction authority” that, according to Drew FitzGerald and Micah Maidenberg of The Wall Street Journal, zooms decision-making past “many of the regulations that typically slow the process for acquiring weaponry and other technology.”According to FitzGerald and Maidenberg, the Pentagon request “closely matched SpaceX’s capabilities.”Funny about that.

乔·拜登总统任内的太空与导弹防御政策代理副助理部长戴夫·沃兰对彭博社的萨娜·帕尚卡尔表示:“不应该出现这样的情况:你事先决定想把合同授予某一家公司,然后围绕这个目标写出所有标准。”不,确实不应该。负责监管太空军的空军部长特洛伊·迈因克与马斯克关系密切,这是一个潜在问题,民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦和塔米·达克沃思在迈因克获得确认前就曾指出过这一点。

Dave Vorland, who was President Joe Biden’s acting deputy assistant secretary of space and missile defense policy, told Bloomberg’s Sana Pashankar, “It shouldn’t be the case that you decide ahead of time that you’d like to award a contract to an individual company and then write all the criteria to make that happen.”No, it really shouldn’t. Air Force Secretary Troy Meink, who oversees the Space Force, is close to Musk, a potential problem that Democratic Senators Elizabeth Warren and Tammy Duckworth flagged before Meink’s confirmation.

在迈因克被考虑担任该职位时,马斯克旁听了他的面试。“我以前从未见过这样的事,”乔治·W·布什总统任内的白宫首席伦理律师理查德·佩因特对《政治报》的乔·古尔德说。如今在华盛顿,人们经常说这种话。

When Meink was under consideration for the position, Musk sat in on his interview. “I’ve never seen anything like this before,” Richard Painter, chief White House ethics lawyer under President George W. Bush, told Politico’s Joe Gould. People in Washington nowadays say that sort of thing a lot.

特朗普政府给予马斯克的好处不仅限于联邦合同。根据民主捍卫者行动组织的报告,授予马斯克公司的定制化监管宽松可能更为重要。民主捍卫者行动组织表示,“至少15个联邦行政部门中的11个采取了有利于或可能有利于马斯克商业利益的行动。”该报告引用了美国企业研究所国防分析师托德·哈里森去年8月对《华尔街日报》记者菲茨杰拉德和梅登伯格发表的评论:“大家一直关注他们的合同中标情况。但在更大的格局中,监管方面的胜利对[马斯克]的商业模式具有更具系统性、长期的影响。”

The goodies handed to Musk by the Trump administration are not limited to federal contracts. According to the Democracy Defenders Action report, the bespoke regulatory relief granted Musk’s companies may be even more important. According to Democracy Defenders Action, “at least 11 of the 15 federal executive departments have taken actions favorable, or potentially favorable, to Musk’s business interests.”The report quotes a comment that American Enterprise Institute defense analyst Todd Harrison made last August to the Journal’s FitzGerald and Maidenberg: “There’s been a lot of focus on their contract wins. In the bigger scheme, the regulatory wins have more systemic, long-term implications for [Musk’s] business model.”

例如,路透社7月报道,马斯克的人工智能公司xAI(SpaceX的一个部门)不知何故获准为孟菲斯数据中心安装59台天然气涡轮机,“未取得联邦清洁空气许可证。”除两台外,所有涡轮机都位于州界对岸的密西西比州——孟菲斯位于田纳西州边界以北——而密西西比州监管机构错误地声称,相关涡轮机豁免于《清洁空气法》。

For example, Reuters reported in July, Musk’s artificial intelligence company xAI, a unit of SpaceX, was somehow permitted to install 59 natural gas turbines for a Memphis data center “without securing federal clean air permits.”All but two of the turbines were situated across the state line in Mississippi—Memphis sits just north of the Tennessee border—and Mississippi state regulators claimed, erroneously, that the turbines in question were exempt from the Clean Air Act.

全国有色人种协进会代表附近低收入黑人社区提起诉讼,要求环保署执行该法律。随后,特朗普司法部站在联邦政府一边支持xAI,荒谬地声称“全国有色人种协进会不得在联邦政府反对的情况下推进这项《清洁空气法》执法行动。”其引用的一项特朗普行政令作为理由,该行政令称:“美国的政策是维持并增强美国在全球的人工智能主导地位,以促进人类繁荣、经济竞争力和国家安全。”

The NAACP filed suit, on behalf of nearby low-income Black communities, to compel the EPA to enforce the law. The Trump Justice Department then threw the federal government’s weight behind xAI, claiming, absurdly, that “the NAACP may not pursue this Clean Air Act enforcement action over the United States’ objection.”It cited for justification a Trump executive order that said: “It is the policy of the United States to sustain and enhance America’s global AI dominance in order to promote human flourishing, economic competitiveness, and national security.”

10月19日,密西西比州一名地区法院法官对此予以驳回,拒绝了特朗普政府驳回全国有色人种协进会挑战的请求。

On October 19, a district court judge in Mississippi called bullshit on that and denied the Trump administration’s attempt to dismiss the NAACP challenge.

另一个例子是,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)达成了一项和解,此前该委员会在拜登政府最后几天对马斯克提起诉讼,指控其在收购推特公司之前延迟披露其推特股票购买行为。这一延迟使马斯克能够以人为压低的价格购买更多股份。这是一起明目张胆的证券违规行为,SEC最初要求马斯克支付1.5亿美元罚款。但特朗普上任后,该机构同意改为以150万美元和解此事。

Another example was the Securities and Exchange Commission’s settlement of a complaint the SEC had brought against Musk in the final days of the Biden administration for delaying disclosure of his Twitter share purchases in advance of acquiring the company. The delay allowed Musk to buy additional shares at an artificially low price. It was a straight-up securities violation, and the SEC initially demanded that Musk pay a $150 million fine. But after Trump took office, the agency agreed to instead settle the matter for $1.5 million.

“这是SEC难堪的一天,”拜登时期SEC主席加里·根斯勒的前幕僚长阿曼达·费舍尔对路透社表示。该和解“应当引发公众质疑,SEC是否以普通投资者为代价保护白宫内部人士。”地区法院法官斯帕克尔·L·苏克南南在不情愿地批准该和解时似乎也持此观点。“面对同意判决的法院并非橡皮图章。但它也并非申诉专员,”苏克南南写道。

“It’s an embarrassing day for the SEC,” Amanda Fischer, former chief of staff to Biden SEC Chair Gary Gensler, told Reuters. The settlement “should cause the public to question whether the SEC is protecting White House insiders at the expense of ordinary investors.”District Court Judge Sparkle L. Sooknanan seemed to agree when she reluctantly approved the settlement. “A court presented with a consent judgment is not a rubber stamp. But neither is it an ombudsman,” Sooknanan wrote.

“行政部门(通过SEC)是否做得足够,让马斯克为其涉嫌违规行为承担责任,与许多其他问题一样,应由选民在投票箱处决定。”正如我之前所指出的,11月3日的选举,既是对特朗普的公投,也是对马斯克的公投。

“Whether the Executive Branch (through the SEC) has done enough to hold Mr. Musk to account for his alleged violation is, like many other issues, for our citizenry to decide at the ballot box.”As I’ve noted previously, the November 3 election is as much a referendum on Musk as it is on Trump.

《民主捍卫者行动》报告承认,特朗普政府的一些决定与马斯克的财务利益相悖。其中包括,在《大美丽和解法案》下取消拜登扩大的购买新电动汽车税收抵免,以及各项放宽对燃油汽车监管的环境政策决定。马斯克当然是电动汽车巨头特斯拉的首席执行官。

The Democracy Defenders Action report conceded that a few Trump administration decisions went against Musk’s financial interest. Among these were cancellation, under the Big Beautiful reconciliation bill, of a tax credit for the purchase of new electric vehicles that Biden had expanded, and various environmental policy decisions easing up on regulation of gas-powered vehicles. Musk is, of course, chief executive officer of the electric vehicle giant Tesla.

但“民主捍卫者行动”指出,即便是这片乌云,对马斯克来说也有一线光明。随着传统汽车制造商因此退出电动汽车市场,特斯拉得以将其市场份额从41%扩大到52%。同样,特朗普的关税重创了特斯拉,但对特斯拉的许多竞争对手打击更重。特朗普与加拿大之间愚蠢的贸易战——包括威胁对加拿大汽车及汽车零部件征收50%的关税——可能会让通用汽车和福特遭受重创,但特斯拉在加拿大没有工厂,而且对加拿大汽车零部件的依赖程度也较低。

But even this dark cloud, Democracy Defenders Action noted, had a silver lining for Musk. With the resultant withdrawal by legacy automakers from the E.V. market, Tesla was able to expand its market share from 41 percent to 52 percent. Similarly, Trump’s tariffs hit Tesla hard, but it hit many of Tesla’s competitors harder. Trump’s idiotic trade war with Canada, which includes a threatened 50 percent tariff on Canadian automobiles and auto parts, could sock General Motors and Ford, but Tesla has no plants in Canada, and it’s less reliant on Canada for auto parts.

这些被软化的打击是否应被计入马斯克向特朗普和共和党投入的7.36亿美元所换来的监管回报之中,这个问题我将留给头脑更冷静的人去解答。但总的来说,我猜马斯克是个满意的买家。但愿中期选举能让他要求退钱。

Whether these softened blows should be tallied among the regulatory returns on Musk’s $736 million investment in Trump and the GOP is a topic I shall leave to cooler heads to solve. But overall, I’d guess Musk is a satisfied buyer. Let’s hope the midterms make him ask for his money back.

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