特朗普政府正准备将数十名阿富汗移民和寻求庇护者驱逐至巴基斯坦，这是此类首次驱逐航班，一位政府高级官员向NBC新闻透露了这一消息——批评人士称此举可能危及他们的生命。根据权益倡导者和被拘留者家属的说法，这趟尚未公开宣布的驱逐航班最早可能于周一起飞。面临驱逐的人员中包括曾在美军20年反塔利班战争中与美军合作的阿富汗人的亲属，塔利班现已重新掌权。
The Trump administration is preparing to deport dozens of Afghan immigrants and asylum seekers to Pakistan on the first such flight of its kind, a senior administration official told NBC News — a move critics say could put their lives at risk. The proposed deportation flight, which has not been publicly announced, could take place as early as Monday, according to rights advocates and families of detainees. Among those facing deportation are relatives of Afghans who worked with the U.S. military in its 20-year war against the Taliban, which is now back in power.
如果巴基斯坦按普遍预期将他们遣返回塔利班统治的阿富汗，被驱逐者可能面临严重后果。几十年来，因战争和政治动荡被迫离开祖国的阿富汗人一直受到美国欢迎，其中包括2021年美军主导部队混乱撤军后逃离该国的数万名阿富汗人。特朗普总统去年重返白宫后，作为更广泛的打击移民行动的一部分，暂停了阿富汗人和其他难民的入境接收。
The deportees could face severe repercussions should Pakistan return them to Taliban-ruled Afghanistan as is widely expected. Afghans driven from their country by war and political instability have been welcomed by the U.S. for decades, including tens of thousands who fled the country following the chaotic withdrawal of U.S.-led forces in 2021. President Donald Trump halted admissions for Afghans and other refugees when he returned to office last year as part of a broader immigration crackdown.
他的政府已将数千人驱逐至非其原籍国，其中许多在非洲国家，移民律师称这是为了规避禁止将寻求庇护者遣返回其逃离国家的国际法。这些所谓的第三国驱逐协议的合法性将于12月由最高法院审理。美国可能与巴基斯坦达成何种正式协议尚不清楚，但该政府高级官员表示，如果没有巴基斯坦政府的知情和批准，美国包机无法在那里降落。
His administration has deported thousands of people to countries that are not their own, many of them in Africa, in what immigration lawyers say is an effort to skirt international laws against returning asylum seekers to the countries they fled from. The legality of these so-called third-country deportation agreements is set to be debated by the Supreme Court in December. It is not clear what kind of formal agreement the U.S. may have with Pakistan, but the senior administration official said the U.S. charter flight would not be able to land there without the Pakistan government’s knowledge and approval.
彭博社和《纽约时报》较早前曾报道过该驱逐计划。彭博社援引一位熟悉计划的联邦政府官员作为消息来源，而《纽约时报》则援引了三名美国官员。
The deportation plan was earlier reported by Bloomberg and The New York Times. Bloomberg cited a federal government official familiar with the plans as a source for its report, while The New York Times cited three U.S. officials.
总部位于圣地亚哥的倡导组织AfghanEvac的总裁肖恩·范迪弗表示，该组织已确认，近期至少有80名阿富汗人从全美34个其他ICE（美国移民与海关执法局）设施被转移至路易斯安那州，其中19人没有法律代理。他说，位于路易斯安那州中部的ICE拘留处理中心可能关押着数百名阿富汗人，该中心一直作为ICE拘留者在被驱逐出美国前的枢纽设施。
Shawn VanDiver, president of the San Diego-based advocacy group AfghanEvac, said it had confirmed that in recent days at least 80 Afghans have been moved to Louisiana from 34 other ICE facilities around the country, 19 of them without legal representation. He said it was possible that there were hundreds of Afghans at the Central Louisiana ICE Processing Center, which has served as a hub for ICE detainees before their deportation from the U.S. If the U.S. sends Afghan detainees to Pakistan, they are not likely to be there long.
如果美国将阿富汗拘留者送往巴基斯坦，他们在那里大概率不会停留太久。巴基斯坦几十年来收容了数百万阿富汗难民，于2023年发起大规模打击行动，施压数十万阿富汗人离境，并强行驱逐了其他人。他们抵达的阿富汗正深陷多重人道主义危机，包括大范围营养不良，以及与邻国巴基斯坦持续的军事冲突，还有塔利班强硬伊斯兰政策下妇女权利的大幅倒退。
Pakistan, which has hosted millions of Afghan refugees for decades, launched a sweeping crackdown in 2023, pressuring hundreds of thousands of Afghans to leave the country and forcibly deporting others. They are arriving to an Afghanistan battered by multiple humanitarian crises, including widespread malnutrition, as well as an ongoing military conflict with neighboring Pakistan and a dramatic rollback of women’s rights under the Taliban’s hard-line Islamic policies.
范迪弗表示，特朗普政府极有可能知晓被送往巴基斯坦的阿富汗人面临被遣返回阿富汗的高风险。“不用多聪明就能明白，他们把人送去巴基斯坦，是让巴基斯坦来‘收尾’，”他说。范迪弗称，无论这些阿富汗人是否曾与美军合作，任何从美国被遣送出境的阿富汗人都会被塔利班视为可疑分子，面临迫害、监禁或更糟的下场。
VanDiver said the Trump administration would most likely be aware that Afghans sent to Pakistan would be at high risk of being returned to Afghanistan. “You don’t have to be that smart to figure out that they’re sending them to Pakistan so that Pakistan will finish the job,” he said. Regardless of whether they worked with the U.S. military, VanDiver said, any Afghans flown from the U.S. would be viewed with suspicion by the Taliban and at risk of persecution, imprisonment or worse.
一位拒绝透露姓名的资深政府官员表示，这似乎并非白宫主要关心的问题，该官员因未获授权接受媒体采访而拒绝署名。“政府的立场是：‘这些人在我们国家没有合法身份，因此我们不太在乎他们会遭遇什么，’”该官员说。
That does not appear to be a major concern for the White House, said the senior administration official, who declined to be identified because they were not authorized to speak to the media. “The administration’s position is, ‘These individuals do not have status in our country, therefore we don’t really care what happens to them,’” the official said.
范迪弗等人表示，特朗普政府对待阿富汗盟友的做法，也可能给美国带来长远后果。
VanDiver and others say the Trump administration’s treatment of Afghan allies could also have long-term consequences for U.S. national security by discouraging people in other countries from working with U.S. forces in future conflicts.
这将损害国家安全，因为它会阻碍其他国家的人在未来的冲突中与美军合作。当被问及特朗普政府是否担心这一点时，该官员表示：“我认为他们不在乎。”白宫将置评请求转交给了国土安全部，该部发言人称，出于“作战安全原因”，该机构无法确认遣返行动。美国移民与海关执法局（ICE）未回应置评请求。一名国务院发言人表示，该机构“目前没有宣布计划”。
Asked whether the Trump administration was concerned about that, the official said, “I don’t think they care.”The White House referred a request for comment to the Department of Homeland Security, whose spokesperson said the agency could not confirm removal operations “for operational security reasons.”ICE did not respond to a request for comment. A State Department spokesperson said the agency had “no plans to announce.”
“我们重申我们的立场，即所有国家都必须能够以确保其公民安全、安保和繁荣的方式管理其边境和移民程序，”该发言人说。巴基斯坦外交部及其驻华盛顿大使馆未回应置评请求。这位资深政府官员表示，该航班上的阿富汗人可能包括收到驱逐令的人、被拒绝庇护申请的人，以及被特朗普政府终止临时保护身份的人。
“We reaffirm our position that all countries must be able to manage their borders and immigration processes in a manner that ensures the safety, security and prosperity of their citizens,” the spokesperson said. Pakistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its embassy in Washington did not respond to requests for comment. The senior administration official said the Afghans on the flight could include people with deportation orders, people who were turned down for asylum and people whose temporary protected status was terminated by the Trump administration.
万迪弗说，许多面临驱逐的阿富汗人是在从墨西哥越境进入美国后申请庇护的，其中一些人的案件仍在审理中。“我们只能坐在那里哭”夏洛特是一名美国公民，她的阿富汗裔丈夫自2025年初以来一直被ICE羁押。她说，丈夫本月早些时候从宾夕法尼亚州被转移到路易斯安那州的设施，并被告知将于11月初被驱逐。出于担心丈夫可能成为塔利班的攻击目标，她拒绝透露全名。
Many of the Afghans facing deportation requested asylum after crossing into the U.S. from Mexico, VanDiver said, and some of their cases are still pending. ‘We just sat there and cried’ Charlotte, a U.S. citizen whose Afghan husband has been in ICE detention since early 2025, said he had been moved to the Louisiana facility from Pennsylvania this month and told he would be deported in early November. She declined to be identified by her full name out of concern that her husband could be targeted by the Taliban.
夏洛特说，她和丈夫的庇护案件已待审九年。去年他们在马里兰州探亲时，丈夫意外越界进入西弗吉尼亚州，随后被拦截。尽管他持有有效的伊利诺伊州驾照，但他当时没有随身携带工卡。
Charlotte said she and her husband, whose asylum case has been pending for nine years, were visiting family in Maryland last year when he accidentally crossed into West Virginia and was pulled over. Though he was carrying his valid Illinois driver’s license, he did not have his work permit with him.
“当他被拦下时，”她说，“警长实际上说，‘我是ICE特工。你将被移交移民拘留。我不在乎指控是否被撤销，也不在乎你是否有五年工作许可或社会安全卡。我不在乎你是否合法。特朗普政府刚刚接管——你将直接被移交移民拘留。’”夏洛特在伊利诺伊州卖掉了他们的房子，和现在6岁的儿子搬到了马里兰州，以便能探望在宾夕法尼亚州一家ICE设施中被拘留的丈夫，该设施大约相距100英里。
“When he was pulled over,” she said, “the sheriff actually said, ‘I’m an ICE agent. You’re going to immigration custody. I don’t care if the charges are dismissed, or I don’t care if you have a five-year work permit or Social Security card. I don’t care if you’re legal. Trump’s administration just took over — you’re going directly to immigration custody.’”Charlotte sold their home in Illinois and moved to Maryland with their son, now 6, in order to be able to visit her husband at the ICE facility where he was held in Pennsylvania, about 100 miles away.
“我失去了漂亮的房子，我们的车，我们把一切都丢在了身后，”她说。在接下来的20个月里，当她带儿子去莫尚农谷处理中心探望丈夫时，他们总是被有机玻璃隔开。“他们一次都没让他拥抱父亲，”夏洛特说。“我们每次都只是坐在那里哭。”但至少他们知道他在哪里，并且他还好，她说。现在他被送到了路易斯安那州，她说，“我们甚至不能探望，甚至不能道别，他相距超过1200英里。”
“I lost my nice house, our car, we left everything behind,” she said. Over the next 20 months, when she took her son to see his father at the Moshannon Valley Processing Center, they were always separated by plexiglass. “They never let him hug him one time,” Charlotte said. “We just sat there and cried every time.”But at least they knew where he was and that he was OK, she said. Now that he’s in Louisiana, she said, “we can’t even visit or even say goodbye, he’s over 1,200 miles away.”
由于丈夫可能被遣送到巴基斯坦或阿富汗——他自2016年以来就没有去过那个国家——不确定性更大了；夏洛特说，他正在留胡须，以符合塔利班对男性面部毛发的严格规定。“我只是非常害怕他不会安全，”她说，“或者他会被关在监狱里，而我无能为力。”夏洛特说，她认为丈夫之所以成为遣返目标，是因为他过去一项非暴力犯罪的定罪，该案件现已解决。
With her husband potentially being sent to Pakistan or Afghanistan — a country he hasn’t been to since 2016 — the uncertainty is even greater; Charlotte said he is growing his beard to comply with the Taliban’s strict rules for men’s facial hair. “I’m just terrified that he’s not going to be safe,” she said, “or he’s going to be held in the jail and there’s nothing I can do.”Charlotte said she believed her husband had been targeted for deportation because of a past conviction for a nonviolent crime that has since been resolved.
“我仍然不认为这应该毁掉我们整个生活，让一个孩子见不到他的父亲，”她说。“他完全崩溃并受到了创伤，”她谈到他们的儿子说。“他想反抗。他想去抗议。他想对唐纳德·特朗普说话。
“I still don’t think this should end our entire life, for a child not to see his dad,” she said. “He’s completely devastated and traumatized,” she said of their son. “He wants to fight. He wants to go protest. He wants to speak to Donald Trump. He basically knows so much more than he should.”
“他基本上知道的事情比他应该知道的要多得多。” 这架遣返航班的准备工作，是在一年前华盛顿发生的一起枪击案后近一年才展开的，那起枪击案导致一名国民警卫队成员死亡，另一名成员重伤。嫌疑人是一名阿富汗公民，曾在阿富汗与美军并肩作战，并于2021年被撤离至美国，特朗普政府曾批准其庇护申请。枪击案发生后，移民限制收紧。
The preparations for the deportation flight come nearly a year after a shooting in Washington that killed one National Guard member and seriously injured another. The suspect, an Afghan national who served alongside U.S. troops in Afghanistan and was evacuated to the U.S. in 2021, had been granted asylum by the Trump administration. Immigration restrictions were tightened after the shooting.
范迪弗表示，特朗普政府或许也在将这趟飞往巴基斯坦的航班作为一个测试案例，用于阿塞利耶营——这是一个由美国运营、位于卡塔尔的营地，自特朗普去年重返白宫以来，已有1000多名原定安置美国的阿富汗人被滞留于此。针对范迪弗的说法，白宫将置评请求转交给了国土安全部，该部发言人再次表示，出于“作战安全原因”，该机构无法确认遣返行动。
VanDiver said the Trump administration may also be using the Pakistan flight as a test case for Camp As Sayliyah, a U.S.-run camp in Qatar where more than 1,000 Afghans who had been slated for resettlement in the U.S. have been stranded since Trump returned to office last year. Asked about VanDiver’s claim, the White House referred a request for comment to the Department of Homeland Security, whose spokesperson again said the agency could not confirm removal operations “for operational security reasons.”
据“阿富汗撤离”组织称，截至7月，该营地收容了287名男性、319名女性和433名儿童。其中大多数人在经过广泛审查后已获批安置美国，许多成年人曾在阿富汗与美军共事。“阿富汗撤离”组织称，营地内还包括150名美军现役军人的亲属。国务院今年早些时候表示，所有人将在3月31日前撤离该营地，该期限后延长至9月30日。
According to AfghanEvac, the camp was housing 287 men as of July, 319 women and 433 children. Most of them have been approved for U.S. resettlement after extensive vetting, and many of the adults worked alongside U.S. forces in Afghanistan. The group at Camp As Sayliyah also includes 150 relatives of U.S. military service members, AfghanEvac said. The State Department said earlier this year that everyone would be removed from the camp by March 31, a deadline that was later extended to Sept. 30.
《美联社》9月报道称，特朗普政府又将关闭期限推迟了九个月。今年早些时候，政府曾考虑将阿塞利耶营的阿富汗人送往刚果民主共和国，该国正经历历史上增长最快的埃博拉疫情。
In September, the Trump administration delayed its closure by another nine months, The Associated Press reported. Earlier this year, the administration considered sending the Afghans at Camp As Sayliyah to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is experiencing the fastest-growing Ebola outbreak in history.
在周五的一份声明中，AfghanEvac指责特朗普政府计划这趟阿富汗驱逐航班，正值美国因下周的中期选举而分心之际，“希望没人在关注”。“政府不愿透露这些航班降落在何处，因为它知道这些人一旦降落会遭遇什么，”该组织表示。“一个对自己所做之事充满自信的政府不会隐瞒它。”
In a statement on Friday, AfghanEvac accused the Trump administration of planning the Afghan deportation flight as the country is distracted by next week’s midterm election, “hoping no one is watching.”“The government won’t say where these flights land, because it knows what happens to the people on them when they do,” the group said. “A government confident in what it is doing does not hide it.”