在机场飞行限制增加的背景下，俄罗斯境内的乌克兰无人机袭击持续导致航班延误和取消数量上升，进而影响了航空业。
Ukrainian drone attacks in Russia continue to increase flight delays and cancellations amid flight restrictions at airports, affecting the aviation sector.
追踪俄罗斯联邦航空署数据的Doletit公司数据显示，今年1月至10月，俄罗斯各地机场实施了约3594次飞行限制。
Some 3,594 flight restrictions were imposed at airports across Russia from January to October, according to data from Doletit, which tracks figures from the Russian Federal Air Transport Agency.
这些安全措施影响了乌克兰边境附近的设施以及莫斯科的主要国际航空枢纽，包括谢列梅捷沃机场、伏努科夫机场、多莫杰多沃机场和茹科夫斯基机场。
The safety measures affected facilities near the Ukrainian border as well as major international hubs in Moscow, including Sheremetyevo, Vnukovo, Domodedovo and Zhukovsky airports.
俄罗斯联邦航空署频繁在夜间暂停飞机起降，近期所有限制中约有一半开始于莫斯科时间晚上11点至早上6点之间。
The air agency frequently suspended aircraft arrivals and departures overnight, with around half of all recent restrictions starting between 11 pm and 6 am Moscow time.
上个月，中断规模扩大到545次独立的限制，较去年同期的60次限制增加了近9倍。
The scale of the disruption grew to 545 separate restrictions last month, marking a nearly ninefold increase from 60 restrictions during the same month last year.
这些限制还造成了物流瓶颈，交通运输部报告称，1月至8月延误超过两小时的航班增加了20.3%。这种情况在10月最为明显，当时全国118个机场有超过51,900个航班延误至少15分钟，逾7000个航班被取消。
The restrictions also created logistics bottlenecks, with the Transport Ministry reporting a 20.3% increase in flights delayed by more than two hours from January to August. This was most obvious in October, when over 51,900 flights were delayed by at least 15 minutes, while more than 7,000 were canceled across 118 airports nationwide.
航空公司经常被迫将飞机改道飞往其他枢纽，导致乘客的紧急住宿和地面交通等意外开支不断增加。
Airlines have frequently been prompted to reroute planes to alternative hubs, leading to growing unexpected expenses for emergency lodging and ground transportation for passengers.
10月23日谢列梅捷沃机场实施限制后，俄罗斯载旗航空公司俄罗斯航空不得不为2600多名乘客提供酒店住宿，并分发了11,000张餐券。
Russia’s flag carrier Aeroflot had to accommodate over 2,600 passengers in hotels and provide 11,000 meal vouchers following restrictions at Sheremetyevo Airport on Oct. 23.
随后在10月29日和30日实施的限制中，该航空公司也为1600名乘客提供了酒店住宿，发放了20,000张餐券，并用地面交通将1300多人运送至目的地。
Subsequent restrictions on Oct. 29 and 30 also saw the airline accommodate 1,600 passengers in hotels, issue 20,000 meal vouchers and transport more than 1,300 people to their destinations.
在这些突然关闭之后恢复正常的航班时刻表，进一步使遵守机组人员工作和休息时间规定的航空安全法规变得复杂。
Resuming normal flight schedules after these sudden closures further complicated compliance with aviation safety regulations governing crew work and rest periods.
自2022年初美国和欧盟对俄罗斯飞机关闭领空、导致俄罗斯航空公司被限制运营国际航线以来，俄罗斯各航空公司本就一直面临着艰难的局势。
Russian carriers had already been facing a difficult situation, having been restricted from operating international routes since the US and the EU closed their airspace to Russian aircraft in early 2022.
西方制裁还禁止向俄罗斯出售飞机、备件和维修服务，这使得俄罗斯各航空公司举步维艰。
Western sanctions also ban the sale of aircraft, spare parts and maintenance services to Russia, causing Russian airlines to struggle even further.