民主党人正准备在下届国会掌权后，立即对唐纳德·特朗普总统的标志性关税政策发起挑战。
Democrats are preparing to challenge President Donald Trump's signature tariff policy as soon as they take power in the next Congress.
民主党领袖计划加快立法进程，将重申国会贸易权力的法案送交众议院全院表决。
Democratic leaders plan to speed legislation to the House floor that reasserts Congress' authority over trade.
包括众议员杰米·拉斯金在内的民主党人，也正在为发起与关税相关的调查奠定基础。
Democrats such as Rep. Jamie Raskin are also laying the groundwork to launch tariff-related investigations.
特朗普的关税政策早已面临压力：多起诉讼正在挑战这些关税，一些共和党人也已与对加拿大等国征收的关税划清界限。国会之战已落幕。围绕唐纳德·特朗普关税的战争即将升温。
Trump's tariffs were already under pressure: They are being challenged in multiple lawsuits, and some Republicans have distanced themselves from the duties on Canada and others. battle Congress is over. The war over President Donald Trump tariffs is about to heat up.
特朗普在过去两年里编织的错综复杂的关税网，很快可能面临最大威胁，因为民主党人准备动用新获得的立法火力，对这位共和党总统的标志性政策发起猛攻。
The knotted web of tariffs that Trump spent the last two years weaving could soon face its biggest threat, as Democrats prepare to unload their new legislative firepower against the Republican president's signature policy.
民主党人毫不掩饰他们的计划：下届国会宣誓就职后，立即对特朗普及其助手发起调查轰炸。他们还准备在“前100小时”内发起立法闪电战，推出一系列法案，旨在废除特朗普议程的大部分内容。
Democrats have made no secret of their plans to bombard Trump and his associates with investigations as soon as the next Congress is sworn in.
这两路进攻都将瞄准特朗普前所未有的关税使用。在周二的中期选举大获全胜后，民主党人迅速将关税确定为主要攻击目标。民主党计划挑战特朗普关税，首当其冲的是加拿大。拉斯金称特朗普将关税作为“谋取私利的工具”，要求提供捐赠者记录。本周的“蓝色浪潮”选举会否为2028年带来一位民主党总统？
They are also preparing a first-100-hours legislative blitz, putting forward a series of bills that would unwind much of Trump's agenda. Both prongs of attack will take aim at Trump's unprecedented use of tariffs which Democrats have quickly identified as a main target following their landslide victory in Tuesday's midterm elections Democrats plan to challenge Trump's tariffs, starting with Canada Trump is using tariffs as a 'tool for grift,' Raskin says in demand for donor records Will this week's blue wave election usher in a Democratic president in 2028?
法官希望前美国检察官调查政府在特朗普高尔夫球场案件中是否误导了她。当选参议员阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德（民主党-密歇根州）周四在MS NOW的《早安乔》节目中表示，结束特朗普的关税体制，特别是他对加拿大的贸易战，是民主党“绝对必须立即采取的行动”。
Judge wants former U.S. attorney to investigate whether the government misled her in Trump golf case Ending Trump's tariff regime, and especially his trade war against Canada, is something Democrats "absolutely have to do immediately," Sen.-elect Abdul El-Sayed, D-Mich., told MS NOW's "Morning Joe" Thursday.
纽约州民主党籍众议院少数党领袖哈基姆·杰弗里斯——他可能在下一届国会当选众议院议长——已明确表示，终止特朗普的关税是首要任务。
Hakeem Jeffries of New York, the Democratic minority leader who could be elected House speaker in the next Congress, has made clear that ending Trump's tariffs is a top priority.
“我们应当恢复国会在关税方面的权力，因为特朗普关税正让美国民众的生活成本更加高昂，”他在8月下旬的一次新闻发布会上表示。
"We should restore congressional authority as it relates to tariffs, because the Trump tariffs are making life more expensive for the American people," he said at a press conference in late August.
如果当选议长，杰弗里斯将加快推动立法进入众议院全院表决，以重申国会对贸易的权威。
If picked as speaker, Jeffries would speed legislation to the House floor that reasserts congressional authority over trade.
民主党人也在为调查特朗普关税打基础，该党将此纳入其制胜竞选信息中，将高物价与所谓的“特朗普圈子腐败”挂钩。
Democrats are also laying the groundwork for investigations into Trump's tariffs, which the party folded into its winning campaign message linking high costs with alleged Trumpworld corruption.
马里兰州众议员杰米·拉斯金是众议院司法委员会首席民主党议员，他在10月28日要求特朗普移交与关税豁免相关的记录。拉斯金指控，特朗普利用豁免权为那些向总统馈赠礼物的行业领袖达成“甜心交易”。这些计划可能会在法律和政治层面进一步加大特朗普关税已面临的压力。政府目前已陷入多起诉讼，挑战政府关税政策的不同部分。
Rep. Jamie Raskin of Maryland, the top Democrat on the House Judiciary Committee, on Oct. 28 asked Trump to hand over records related to tariff exemptions. Trump, Raskin alleges, has wielded the exemption power to cut " sweetheart deals " for industries whose leaders have plied the president with gifts The plans are likely to ratchet up the pressure, both legally and politically, that Trump's tariffs were already facing. The administration is already embroiled in multiple lawsuits challenging different parts of the government's tariff policy.
最近一起诉讼于10月20日提起，针对特朗普利用大萧条时期的一项法律，对一系列加拿大商品征收50%关税。
The most recent suit, filed Oct. 20, targets Trump's use of a Great Depression-era law to impose 50% tariffs on a range of Canadian goods.
另一起法庭案件指控特朗普试图重塑近乎全球性的“解放日”关税，该关税已于2月下旬被最高法院判定为非法。此后政府被命令退还根据该废除政策征收的1660亿美元关税收入。
Another court case accuses Trump of trying to recreate the near-global "liberation day" tariffs that the Supreme Court struck down as illegal in late February. The administration has since been ordered to refund $166 billion in tariff revenue it had collected under the scrapped policy.
根据美国宪法，征税权属于国会而非总统。几十年来，立法部门已将部分权力让渡给行政部门。但特朗普主张拥有几乎不受限制的关税权力——民主党人表示他们誓要收回这些权力。
Congress, not the president, holds the power to levy taxes under the U.S. Constitution. Over decades, the legislative branch has ceded some of those powers to the executive. But Trump has asserted virtually unchecked tariff powers – which Democrats say they are intent on clawing back.
“特朗普每天都坚持对美国人需要的如此多产品征收无差别关税，他都在为纵容其关税狂潮的共和党人挖一个更深的坑，”俄勒冈州参议员罗恩·怀登表示，他有望在民主党接管参议院后领导参议院财政委员会。
"Every day Trump insists on his indiscriminate taxes on so many of the products Americans need, he digs a deeper hole for Republicans enabling his tariff spree," said Sen. Ron Wyden of Oregon, who is poised to lead the Senate Finance Committee when Democrats take it over.
“如果民主党以某种方式获得了足以推翻总统否决的多数席位，或者如果选民让共和党人羞愧得做正确的事，那么将有大量贸易政策可供解决，”怀登在大选日前向CNBC发表的声明中表示。
"If Democrats somehow had a veto-proof majority, or if voters shame Republicans into doing the right thing, there would be no shortage of trade policies to address," Wyden said in a statement to CNBC before Election Day.
“最明显的优先事项之一将是废除特朗普对加拿大的关税，这些关税正在推高物价并损害边境两侧的社区，”他说。“我还将继续努力，确保国会对关税拥有最终决定权，以便未来的总统无法重演特朗普那场经济灾难性的贸易税收。”《华尔街日报》援引怀登的话于周四报道称，民主党正将对加贸易战视为其反击特朗普关税议程的“首个目标”。
"One of the most obvious priorities would be repealing Trump's tariffs on Canada, which are raising prices and harming communities on both sides of the border," he said. "I'll also continue to work to ensure Congress has the final say on tariffs, so future presidents can't reenact Trump's economically disastrous trade taxes." The Wall Street Journal, citing Wyden, reported Thursday that Democrats are eyeing the Canada trade war as the "first target" in their efforts against his tariff agenda.
关税逆风 正如怀登的声明所暗示的，参议院的规则将阻碍民主党的反关税努力。
Tariff headwinds As Wyden's statement suggested, the Senate's rules will hamper Democrats' anti-tariff efforts.
尽管他们在周二晚间取得压倒性胜利，但该党在参议院仍将缺乏60票的、足以终结冗长辩论的多数席位，这给了共和党一个关键工具，即使在他们实力大减的情况下也能阻挠立法。
Despite their blowout victory Tuesday night, the party will still lack a 60-vote filibuster-proof majority in the Senate, giving Republicans a crucial tool to block legislation even in their diminished state.
特朗普也准备在下届国会大量动用否决权，这给民主党的立法优先事项构成了重大障碍。
Trump is also poised to lean heavily on his veto pen in the next Congress, presenting a major obstacle for Democrats' legislative priorities.
推翻总统否决需要众参两院各自拥有三分之二多数，这意味着即使凭借历史性的选举收获，民主党若要在特朗普反对的情况下强行将法案签署成法，仍需要大量共和党人的帮助。
Overriding a presidential veto requires two-thirds majorities in both the House and Senate, meaning that even with their historic electoral gains, Democrats would need significant Republican help to force a bill into law over Trump's objection.
民主党可能认为，即使特朗普行使否决权，通过立法也值得，因为这有助于他们为2028年选举周期构建政治叙事。但他们可能还有其他可用的选择。
Democrats may consider it worthwhile to pass legislation even if Trump vetoes it, as doing so could help them build political narratives in the 2028 election cycle. But they may have other options available.
“如果没有足以推翻总统否决的联盟这种强力手段，国会或许会考虑其他政治解决方案，例如在‘必须通过’的法案中附加附款条款，或与政府进行谈判，”BDO海关与国际贸易集团高级税务经理基特·约翰逊对CNBC表示。特朗普可能如何回应特朗普曾表示，他计划利用否决权迫使民主党人坐上谈判桌。但在关税问题上，很难想象特朗普会接受什么样的协议。
"Absent the brute force of a veto-proof coalition, Congress might consider other political solutions, such as adding riders on 'must-pass' bills or negotiation with the administration," Kit Johnson, a senior tax manager for BDO's customs and international trade group, told CNBC in an How Trump might respond Trump has said he plans to use the veto power to force Democrats to the negotiating table. But when it comes to tariffs, it's hard to imagine what deal Trump might accept.
特朗普试图以其主张的对进口商品征收高额关税的权力为核心，重塑美国的贸易、外交和经济政策。他将关税描述为双赢，称赞关税既是强有力的谈判工具，也是主要的收入来源。周二大选后，特朗普似乎暗示关税不可谈判。
Trump has tried to reshape U.S. trade, foreign and economic policy around his asserted power to slap steep duties on imported goods. He describes tariffs as a win-win, praising them as both a powerful negotiating tool and a major revenue generator. After Tuesday's election, Trump seemed to suggest tariffs were non-negotiable.
“如果我取消关税——我们现在有3000家工厂正在建设中。每一家工厂都会停止建设，”特朗普周三在接受CNBC记者埃蒙·贾沃斯电话采访时表示。自2025年1月上任以来，特朗普已对全球几乎每个国家加征关税，引发多场旷日持久的贸易战，其中最引人注目的是针对加拿大和中国的贸易战。他坚称美国民众不承担关税负担，但关税按定义就是对进口商品征收、由进口商缴纳的税收。非营利组织税收基金会估计，特朗普的关税已使美国普通家庭2026年的税负增加820美元。
"If I took tariffs off — we have 3,000 plants under construction right now. Every single plant would stop building," Trump told CNBC's Eamon Javers in a phone call Wednesday Since taking office in January 2025, Trump has hiked tariffs on nearly every country on the planet, leading to multiple protracted trade wars, most notably against Canada and China. He insists Americans do not share the burden of the duties, even though tariffs by definition are taxes on foreign goods paid by those importing them. The nonprofit Tax Foundation estimates Trump's tariffs have raised the average U.S. household's tax burden by $820 in 2026.
特朗普还一贯夸大政府通过关税获得的收入数额。他在大选日前声称，如果共和党赢得国会两院多数，关税将使他能够向每位美国成年人发放 5000 美元的“分红”支票——这一计划成本约为 1.2 万亿美元。但根据宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿预算模型的数据，这些由美国进口商缴纳的关税，在 2025 年 1 月至 2026 年 7 月期间总共仅带来约 3000 亿美元收入。此外，自 2 月最高法院裁决以来，其中约 1380 亿美元已被退还。近 200 亿美元的关税征收款仍将被退还。
Trump has also consistently overstated the amount of revenue the government has amassed through his tariffs. He claimed before Election Day that tariffs enabled him to offer every U.S. adult $5,000 "dividend" checks if Republicans were to win both chambers of Congress – a plan that would cost roughly $1.2 trillion. But the duties – which are collected from U.S. importers – have only brought in around $300 billion in total between January 2025 and July 2026, according to the Penn Wharton Budget Model What's more, about $138 billion of that total has been refunded since the Supreme Court ruling in February. Nearly $20 billion in tariff collections are still set to be refunded.
大多数选民并不认同特朗普对关税的乐观看法。11 月 3 日 CNBC 选民民调显示，65% 的受访者认为关税损害了美国经济，仅 22% 认为关税有帮助。
Most voters do not share Trump's rosy view of tariffs. Sixty-five percent of respondents to the CNBC Voter Poll on Nov. 3 said the duties have hurt the U.S. economy, while just 22% say they helped.
尚待观察的是，国会共和党人将在多大程度上抵制民主党人的努力。
What remains to be seen is how hard Republicans in Congress will push back on Democrats' efforts.
竞选期间，多位共和党议员公开反对关税，因为他们的对手指责通胀源于特朗普的关税和伊朗战争，从而获得支持。
A number of GOP lawmakers came out against the duties during the campaign, as their opponents gained ground blaming inflation on Trump's tariffs and the Iran war.
随着他们试图重整旗鼓、展望 2028 年选举周期，一些共和党人——他们在特朗普崛起前多支持自由贸易——可能不再愿意继续与特朗普的激进保护主义保持一致。
As they try to regroup and look forward to the 2028 election cycle, some Republicans – who largely supported free trade prior to Trump's political rise – may be less willing to continue aligning themselves with Trump's aggressive protectionism.