法国外交部长表示，在发生一起针对数百家超市的网络攻击事件后，他已召见了伊朗驻法国大使。伊朗未立即作出回应。
France Blames Iran for Cyberattack on Refrigeration Systems The French foreign minister said he had summoned the Iranian ambassador to France after a cyberattack on hundreds of supermarkets last month. Iran did not immediately respond.
法国官员周一指责伊朗策划了一起网络攻击，该攻击于上月袭击了法国数百个制冷系统。
French officials on Monday accused Iran of orchestrating a cyberattack that hit hundreds of refrigeration systems in France last month.
巴黎首席检察官洛尔·贝屈欧（Laure Beccuau）在一份声明中表示，其办公室已对三名“隶属于伊斯兰革命卫队电子与网络中心”的伊朗人发出国际逮捕令。她表示，他们的攻击影响了全法700家超市。
Paris’s chief prosecutor, Laure Beccuau, said in a statement that her office had issued international arrest warrants for three Iranians “affiliated with the Electronic and Cyber Center of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps.”She said their attacks had affected 700 supermarkets across France.
法国外交部长让-诺埃尔·巴罗（Jean-Noël Barrot）也指责革命卫队实施了此次攻击，并在记者会上表示，法国已召见伊朗大使，以“对这一极其严重的行径表达强烈抗议”，并称该行径“不会没有后果”。巴罗补充道：“这是针对领土、以破坏为目的的首起大规模网络攻击，是对国家利益和法国人民安全的重大侵犯。”他的部门还发表声明，承诺对伊朗机构和个人实施新的制裁。
The French foreign minister, Jean-Noël Barrot, also blamed the Revolutionary Guards for the attack and said at a press briefing that the Iranian ambassador to France had been summoned to “strongly protest against this extremely serious act” that would “not go without repercussions.”“This is the first large-scale cyberattack aimed at sabotage on national territory,” Mr. Barrot added, “and it constitutes a major assault on the nation’s interests and the security of the French people.”His ministry also issued a statement pledging to impose new sanctions on Iranian institutions and individuals.
伊朗政府没有立即作出回应，伊朗常驻联合国代表团的一名发言人也没有立即回复置评请求。
The Iranian government did not immediately respond, and a spokesman for the Iranian mission to the United Nations did not immediately answer a request for comment.
贝屈欧表示，此次攻击导致了“大量的食品变质”和“大约20起火灾”。她补充道：“攻击者通过网络界面远程控制了设备，启动了无限期、异常的除霜周期，同时禁用了旨在当温度超过特定阈值时触发的安全警报。”
Ms. Beccuau said that the attack had led to “significant food spoilage” and “led to roughly 20 fires.”“The attackers gained remote control of the equipment via web interfaces, starting indefinite, abnormal defrost cycles while simultaneously disabling safety alerts designed to set off when temperatures exceeded specific thresholds,” she added.
她的声明称，指控罪名包括对自动化数据处理系统的欺诈性干扰，且存在为外国势力服务的加重情节。
Her statement said that the charges included fraudulent interference with an automated data-processing system, with the aggravating circumstance that these acts were carried out to serve a foreign power.
在大约两周后，至少其他七个欧洲国家的零售商报告了类似制冷问题。这促使美国军方调查欧洲的攻击与8月份亚利桑那州一个陆军基地的类似事件之间是否存在关联。
Roughly two weeks after the attack, retailers in at least seven other European countries reported similar refrigeration problems. That prompted the U.S. military to investigate whether there were connections between the attacks in Europe and a similar incident on an Army base in Arizona in August.
另外，法国主要输血机构法国血液管理局上周表示，其制冷设备供应商也遭到网络攻击，影响了其三个储血点的冷藏库。
Separately, the French Blood Establishment, the country’s main blood transfusion organization, said last week that its refrigeration equipment provider had been also targeted in a cyberattack, affecting cold storage units at three of its blood-storage sites.
声明称：“温度和除霜阈值被设得过高，”并补充说该机构的快速反应避免了任何损失。
“Temperature and defrost thresholds were set to excessively high levels,” the statement said, adding that the agency’s quick response prevented any damage.
据该检察官办公室发言人称，巴黎检察官办公室网络犯罪部门正在对该事件进行分析，不过官员尚未宣布超市事件与血液事件之间存在关联。
That episode is under analysis by the cybercrime division of the Paris prosecutor’s office, according to its spokeswoman, though officials have not announced a connection between the supermarket and blood incidents.
法国人工智能和数字事务部长安妮·勒埃南夫（Anne Le Hénanff）上周对立法者表示，法国是“目前欧洲受网络攻击最多的国家”。
Anne Le Hénanff, France’s minister for artificial intelligence and digital affairs, told lawmakers last week that France was “the country most targeted by cyberattacks in Europe today.”
她补充道：“最近对制冷设施的攻击直接针对了我们的经济和供应链，而且我想说，其目标可能更为广泛：破坏我们国家的团结并在民众中制造焦虑。”
She added, “Recent attacks on refrigeration facilities have directly targeted our economy and our supply chain, and I would say may even have broader objectives: to destabilize our country’s unity and instill anxiety among the population.”
根据三名匿名谈论敏感情报的美国官员透露，美国情报机构最近做出了“低置信度”评估，认为伊朗应为在法国的攻击负责。“低置信度”评估通常意味着有一些情报指向某个特定方向，但情报是碎片化的，而且随着收集到更多信息，评估可能会改变。
U.S. intelligence agencies have recently reached a “low confidence” assessment that Iran was responsible for the attacks in France, according to three U.S. officials who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive intelligence. A “low confidence” assessment generally means that there is some intelligence that points in a certain direction but is fragmented, and that the assessment could change as more information is collected.
其中两名官员表示，情报机构对法国事件的判断将这些攻击大致与伊朗联系起来，而不是与伊斯兰革命卫队等特定组织联系起来。他们补充说，伊朗也被认为是欧洲其他类似攻击的可能幕后黑手，但这些调查仍处于初期阶段。
The agencies’ judgment on the French incidents linked those attacks to Iran generally and not to a specific group such as the Revolutionary Guards, two of the officials said. They added that Iran was also seen as probably responsible for other similar attacks around Europe, but that those investigations were in their early stages.
西方前安全官员表示，在与美国的战争期间，很难知道为什么伊朗会在最近几周用破坏性网络攻击目标锁定欧洲。欧洲领导人一直试图置身于该冲突之外，批评其对全球经济的影响。
Western former security officials said it was difficult to know why Iran would target Europe in recent weeks with disruptive cyberattacks amid its war with the United States. European leaders have tried to stay out of the conflict, criticizing its effects on the global economy.
前官员们表示，原因之一可能是在不断变化的地缘政治格局中重新确立自己是一个切实存在的威胁。
One reason could be to reassert itself as a viable threat amid a changing geopolitical landscape, the former officials said.
专门追踪伊朗黑客团体的美国政府前网络安全承包商亚历克斯·奥尔良（Alex Orleans）说：“该政权现在正试图重新确立自己是一个不容小觑的角色。”
“The regime is now trying to re-establish itself as someone not to be trifled with,” said Alex Orleans, a former cybersecurity contractor for the U.S. government who specializes in tracking Iranian hacking groups.
专家表示，黑客攻击欧洲的冰箱可能是因为它们是容易受到破坏的脆弱目标，而不是因为黑客想向有关国家发出特定的信息。今年夏天，伊朗与美国数十起针对脆弱供水设施的攻击有关，这些攻击同样看起来是不加区分的。
Experts say that it is possible that hackers attacked the refrigerators in Europe because they were easy targets that were vulnerable to disruption, rather than because the hackers wanted to send a particular message to the countries involved. Iran was linked to scores of attacks this summer on vulnerable water facilities in the United States that likewise appeared indiscriminate.
塞戈莱娜·勒斯特拉迪克（Ségolène Le Stradic）是《泰晤士报》驻巴黎记者兼研究员。
Ségolène Le Stradic a reporter and researcher for The Times, based in Paris.
达斯汀·沃尔茨（Dustin Volz）为《泰晤士报》报道网络安全与情报。他常驻华盛顿。
Dustin Volz writes about cybersecurity and intelligence for The Times. He is based in Washington.