法国指责伊朗发动的针对超市冰箱的网络攻击，标志着德黑兰针对美国发动的不对称战争进入新阶段，并将战场延伸至欧洲，分析人士表示。10月11日和12日的网络攻击导致法国多家超市受袭，冰箱温度升高，部分超市不得不丢弃整批易腐食品。法国称，伊朗革命卫队是这场“前所未有”的网络攻击的幕后黑手，伊朗予以否认。
The cyberattack on supermarket refrigerators that France has blamed on Iran marks a new phase in the asymmetric campaign Tehran is waging against the United States, extending it onto European soil, analysts say. Scores of French supermarkets were hit in the October 11 and 12 cyberattacks, which raised the temperatures in their refrigerators, in some cases forcing them to throw away entire inventories of perishable food. France said Iran's Revolutionary Guards were behind the "unprecedented" cyberattacks, a charge Iran rejected.
虽然巴黎仅提及针对法国超市的攻击，但至少11个其他欧洲国家也报告了类似事件。安全消息人士和专家表示，自以色列和美国于2月发动战争以来，伊朗在欧洲的行动有所加强。伊朗还警告称，任何新的袭击都将引发报复。近日，“伊朗已向多个国家发出非常明确的信号，警告称如果再次发生重大美以轰炸行动，欧洲将面临后果”，一位欧洲安全消息人士向法新社表示。
While Paris referred only to attacks against French supermarkets, similar incidents were reported in at least 11 other European countries. Iran has ramped up operations on European soil since the outbreak of the war launched by Israel and the United States in February, security sources and experts said. Iran has also warned that any renewed strikes would trigger retaliation. In recent days, "Iran has sent very clear signals to a number of countries, warning that if there is another major US-Israeli bombing campaign, there will be consequences in Europe", a European security source told AFP.
德黑兰此前已被指控策划针对美国在欧洲利益的各种袭击，包括针对英国两个被美军使用的空军基地，美军周一已从米尔登霍尔皇家空军基地撤出飞机。伊朗还被指控招募代理人实施袭击，包括今年春天对巴黎一家美国银行分行的袭击，以及针对犹太目标的袭击，比利时和荷兰的犹太教堂遭到攻击。巴黎还指责伊朗散布与法国抗议活动相关的虚假信息，并在10月虐待驻德黑兰法国大使馆二号外交官。
Tehran has already been accused of plotting various attacks on US interests in Europe, including against two air bases used by the United States in Britain the US military on Monday withdrew aircraft from Mildenhall Royal Air Force base. It has also been accused of recruiting proxies to carry out attacks, including on a Bank of America branch in Paris this spring, and on Jewish targets, with synagogues attacked in Belgium and the Netherlands. Paris has also accused Iran of spreading misinformation related to the protests that have rocked France and of mistreating the French embassy's number two diplomat in Tehran in October.- Intimidation -The war has been at a stalemate for months, with efforts under way to avert a resumption of hostilities.
- 恐吓 -战争已陷入数月僵局，各方正努力避免敌对行动恢复。欧洲可能成为袭击目标的威胁，也在德黑兰亲近的媒体传播的宣传中得到回应。最近一段AI生成的一段名为《欧洲在燃烧》的宣传视频在与伊朗关系密切的网络中传播，视频中，包括英国费尔福德皇家空军基地和法国伊斯特尔空军基地在内的多个欧洲基地正遭到攻击。巴黎和伦敦响起导弹警报，平民在街上奔跑。
Threats that Europe could be targeted have been echoed in propaganda circulated by outlets close to Tehran. In a recent AI-generated propaganda video entitled "Europe On Fire", circulated by networks close to Iran, several European bases, including RAF Fairford in Britain and Istres air base in France, are shown under attack. Missile warnings blare in Paris and London as civilians run through the streets.
一段英文旁白说：“你们不是我们的敌人，但任何在欧洲任何地方帮助美国伤害我们妇女和儿童的人，都是我们的敌人。”情报监测组织SITE报道称，11月8日，波斯语媒体“泰班”发布了一段视频，针对其所谓的“撒旦之巢”，指美国军事基地，包括德国的拉姆施泰因和保加利亚的贝兹梅尔等一些位于欧洲的基地。从恐怖主义威胁到网络攻击，“这是伊朗非对称威胁战略及其将战场带到欧洲本土决心的延续”，蒙彼利埃保罗-瓦莱里大学伊朗问题专家克莱芒·泰尔梅告诉法新社。
An English-language voiceover says: "You are not our enemies, but anyone anywhere in Europe who helps America harm our women and children, they're our enemies".Intelligence monitoring group SITE reported that on November 8 the Persian-language outlet Teyban published a video targeting what it called "Satan's Nests" a reference to US military bases, including some in Europe such as Ramstein in Germany and Bezmer in Bulgaria. From terrorist threats to cyberattacks, "it is a continuation of Iran's asymmetric threat strategy and its determination to bring the battlefield onto European soil", Clement Therme, Iran specialist at the University of Montpellier Paul-Valery, told AFP."
“这与俄罗斯在欧洲开展行动以打击乌克兰战略纵深的方式相似。美国军队在与伊朗的对抗中，其战略纵深是什么？伊朗和美国之间是什么？”欧洲，”他说。
It is similar to the way Russia conducts operations in Europe to strike at Ukraine's strategic depth. What is the strategic depth of the US military in its confrontation with Iran? What lies between Iran and the United States?
“横向升级” -“美国或犹太利益曾经是主要目标，但潜在目标的范围已经扩大，”特尔姆说。“我们现在看到的是横向升级，冲突在地理上扩大，目标性质转向民用基础设施，例如制冷系统，”他补充道。
Europe," he said.- 'Horizontal escalation' -Whereas American or Jewish interests were once the primary focus, the scope of potential targets has expanded, said Therme." We are now seeing a horizontal escalation, a geographical widening of the conflict and a shift in the nature of the targets towards civilian infrastructure such as refrigeration systems," he added.
网络行动的一个优势在于，它们允许合理的否认。伊朗是该领域的主要行动者之一。
One advantage of cyber operations is that they allow for plausible deniability. Iran is among the leading actors in this field."
“伊朗拥有高度发达的进攻性网络能力”，并且“更专注于破坏而非数据窃取”，SQUAD网络安全分析师安东尼·谢对法新社说。
Iran has highly developed offensive cyber capabilities" and is "more specialised in sabotage than in data theft", Anthony Chaix, a cybersecurity analyst at SQUAD, told AFP.
与一些可能雇佣网络犯罪分子执行行动的其他国家行为体不同，“伊朗通常以自行进行此类行动而闻名”。
大多数时候，“破坏行动执行得非常快，目标不是长期潜伏在雷达之下”，谢说，尽管“他们显然也有能力进行更隐蔽、更长期的行动”。
SQUAD网络安全专家克里斯·范胡尔斯特表示，针对超市制冷系统的黑客攻击与之前的网络攻击不同。
Unlike some other state actors that may hire cybercriminals to carry out operations, "Iran is generally known for conducting such operations itself".Most of the time, "sabotage operations are carried out very quickly, the aim is not to stick around under the radar", Chaix said, although "they clearly also have the capability to conduct more discreet and longer-term operations".SQUAD cybersecurity expert Kris Vanhulst said the hack targeting supermarket refrigeration systems differed from previous cyberattacks.
他指出，“目标的性质及其传递的信息：‘我们可以触及物理世界中的任何人’。”
He pointed to "the nature of the target and the message it sends: 'we can reach anyone in the physical world'.""This was not a single company," he added.
“这不是针对一家公司，”他补充道。“有数百处受影响，范围极其广泛。目标是制造不稳定。”
"There were hundreds of impacts, it was extremely wide-ranging. The goal was to destabilise."