一名女子在马德里阿托查火车站行走，当时西班牙正在举行全国大罢工，抗议该国的住房危机。摄于2026年11月11日星期三。
A woman walks through Atocha train station during a nationwide general strike over the country's housing crisis in Madrid, Spain, Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2026.
弗朗西斯科·塞科/美联社 巴塞罗那，西班牙 —— 在可能将极右翼推向执政地位的全国大选举行前不到三周，数百万西班牙工人于周三举行罢工，要求政府解决国家的住房危机。
Francisco Seco/AP BARCELONA, Spain — Less than three weeks before a national election that could catapult the far right to power, millions of Spain's workers are striking on Wednesday to demand that the government remedy the nation's housing crisis.
这场大罢工——西班牙14年来的首次——导致公共交通系统延误，并拖慢了欧元区第四大经济体各地工厂的生产。据报道，许多学校和大学关闭或仅维持最低限度运转。在首都马德里，这叠加了教师发起的、已持续近一个月、要求改善工作条件的罢工。
The general strike — Spain's first in 14 years — is causing delays in the public transport system and slowing down factories across the eurozone's fourth-largest economy. Many schools and universities reportedly closed or are working at minimal capacity. In the capital, Madrid, this adds to an ongoing strike started by teachers nearly a month ago to demand better working conditions.
在该国第二大城市巴塞罗那，早高峰期间公共交通陷于瘫痪或面临长时间延误。在马德里，上午降下大雨，市内公交车受影响最严重。工会呼吁马德里工人于周三晚些时候聚集并游行穿过市中心。巴塞罗那及其他城市也计划举行游行和集会。
In Barcelona, the country's second-largest city, public transport was at a standstill or facing long delays in the morning rush hour. In Madrid, which saw heavy rains in the morning, city buses were the hardest affected. Unions have called for Madrid workers to gather and march through the city center later Wednesday. Marches and gatherings are also planned in Barcelona and other cities.
发起罢工的两大工会UGT和CCOO在一份声明中表示，参与度广泛，“战略部门出现大规模停工”——汽车和港口部门达90%，肉类行业85%，垃圾收集82%，能源部门75%。
The two main unions calling for the strike, UGT and CCOO, said in a statement that there was widespread participation, "with significant work stoppages in strategic sectors" — 90% in the automotive and port sectors, 85% in the meat industry, 82% in waste collection, and 75% in the energy sector.
“极其重要的是要提醒人们，我们工人——也是租房者或背负房贷的人——拥有让生产停摆、让经济瘫痪的力量，”租户工会发言人桑德拉·莫拉对国家广播电台RNE表示。
"It's extremely important to remind people that we, the workers — who are also renters or who also pay mortgages — are the ones with the power to halt production and bring the economy to a standstill," Sandra Mora, spokesperson for the Tenants' Union, told the national radio, RNE.
罢工开始的头几个小时内报告了轻微事件，包括巴塞罗那的路障——部分路障焚烧轮胎——以及在马德里郊区该国主要批发市场附近，纠察队员与警察发生推搡。
Minor incidents were reported in the first hours of the strike, including roadblocks — some with burning tires — in Barcelona, and scuffles between picketers and police near the country's main wholesale market on Madrid's outskirts.
周三午夜刚过，罢工工人在巴塞罗那的公共广场聚集，燃放烟花庆祝。
Earlier, at the stroke of midnight on Wednesday, striking workers set off fireworks as they gathered in public squares in Barcelona.
工人、活动人士、政客和普通西班牙民众因同一个诉求——可负担得起的住房——走到了一起，发起了周三的罢工。过去10年里，西班牙平均房租几乎翻了一番，挤占了家庭预算，激起了选民愤怒。
Workers and activists want more government action on housing Wednesday's walkout has brought together workers, activists, politicians and ordinary Spaniards around the same interests — accessible housing. The average rent in Spain has almost doubled in the last 10 years, eating into household budgets and angering voters.
“有一个问题正在撕裂这个国家：获得住房的斗争，”工人委员会（CCOO）总书记乌奈·索尔多在Cadena Ser电台表示。
"There is one issue that is dividing the country: the struggle to access housing," said Unai Sordo, secretary general of CCOO, on Cadena Ser radio.
上个月，一名87岁老妇在马德里家中被驱逐的过程经全国电视转播，公众对住房问题的愤怒由此达到沸点。这位被称为马里卡门的老妇随后去世，引发更大愤慨，使她成为西班牙人心中的象征——他们觉得房租太高，甚至不敢梦想拥有自己的住房。
Public anger over housing reached a boiling point following the nationally televised eviction of an 87-year-old woman from her home in Madrid last month. The subsequent death of Maricarmen, as the woman became known, caused even more indignation and solidified her as a symbol of Spaniards who feel they pay too much in rent and can't even dream of homeownership.
住房活动人士利用马里卡门被驱逐引发的轩然大波，发起了总罢工的号召，很快获得了总工会（UGT）和工人委员会（CCOO）两大工会的支持。
Housing activists leveraged the uproar over Maricarmen's eviction to call for the general strike. They soon won the backing of the UGT and CCOO unions.
住房活动人士提出多项诉求，包括取消旅游公寓、打击房地产投机，以及通过自动续租等形式保护租客权益。
The housing activists want several measures, including the elimination of tourist apartments, a crackdown on real estate speculation and protection for renters in the form of automatic renewals of leases.
总工会和工人委员会要求政府加强对住房市场的干预，并通过与企业主协会谈判达成新的最低工资协议。
The UGT and CCOO unions are demanding more government intervention in the housing market and a new minimum wage agreement through talks with the business owners' association.
2026年11月11日星期三，西班牙巴塞罗那，抗议者在全国性总罢工期间封锁道路，抗议该国的住房危机。
Protesters block a road during a nationwide general strike over the country's housing crisis in Barcelona, Spain, Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2026.
Joan Mateu/AP 西班牙左翼希望将焦点重回住房问题全国范围内因Maricarmen被驱逐而爆发的抗议活动，推动西班牙政府出台紧急措施限制驱逐并帮助租户，但议会中的右翼政党以此会引发房源退出租赁市场为由，拒绝批准这些措施。
Joan Mateu/AP Spain's left hopes to put focus back on housing The nationwide protests over the eviction of Maricarmen propelled Spain's government to push through emergency measures to limit evictions and help tenants, but right-wing parties in the Parliament refused to ratify them on the grounds they would provoke a flight of properties from the rental market.
西班牙首相佩德罗·桑切斯（Pedro Sánchez）在政治上强硬回应，并于10月5日宣布提前大选，希望为其左翼联盟再赢四年执政时间。
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez responded by doubling down politically and called the election on Oct. 5, hoping to earn four more years in power for his left-wing coalition.
但随后发生了一起惨烈的高铁相撞事故——这是西班牙今年第二起致命铁路灾难。这起造成69人死亡的事故占据了西班牙新闻头条，在桑切斯原本指望积累竞选势头之际，给其竞选活动造成了拖累。
But then came a brutal high-speed train collision — Spain's second deadly rail disaster of the year. That collision, which killed 69 people, has dominated Spanish news and created a drag on Sánchez's campaign just when he had hoped to build momentum. The strike — with its official slogan "Salaries.
分析师Oriol Bartomeus表示，这场以“工资、住房、物价”为官方口号的罢工，为桑切斯领导的社会党及其他需要其合作以维持执政地位的左翼政党提供了一个机会。
Housing. Prices." — is an opportunity for Sánchez's Socialists and the other parties on the Left that he will need to remain in power, analyst Oriol Bartomeus said.
巴塞罗那自治大学政治学教授Bartomeus对美联社表示：“社会党需要罢工取得成功，且不发生暴力事件，以便让竞选议程重新回到住房议题上。”
"The Socialists need for the strike to be a success and for there not to be any violence so that the election campaign can swing back to being about housing," Bartomeus, a professor of political science at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, told The Associated Press.
周四，政府将再次尝试让规模缩减的临时议会批准上月遭全体众议院否决的两项住房法令。
On Thursday, the government will again try to have a reduced interim Parliament ratify the two housing decrees that the full lower chamber rejected last month.
桑切斯本周在社交媒体发布了一段长视频，他在其中赞扬了此前源自工人运动和罢工权利的社会政策，如40小时工作周和全民医保。
Sánchez posted a long video on social media this week, in which he lauded the prior social policies like the 40-hour work week and national health insurance that were the fruit of the workers' movement and the right to strike.
桑切斯说：“这并不容易，但它们改变了西班牙。”同时警告称，右翼政党将带来紧缩政策和社会服务资金不足。
"It wasn't easy, but they changed Spain," Sánchez said, while warning that right-wing parties would bring austerity and underfunded social services.
政府初级合作伙伴“联合”党的发言人韦罗尼卡·马丁内斯单独表示：“左翼需要这个国家的工人动员起来。权利首先是在街头争取来的，然后才是在体制内获得。”
Verónica Martínez, spokesperson for Sumar, the junior member of the government, separately said "the Left needs the workers of this country to mobilize. Rights are first won on the streets and then later in the institution."
如果罢工演变成暴力冲突，右翼可能获益 传统保守派人民党和极右翼“呼声”党反对政府对住房市场进行任何干预，除非是激励新房建设。
The right could benefit if the strike turns ugly The traditional conservative Popular Party and the far-right Vox are against any government intervention in the housing market other than incentivizing construction of new homes.
这两个党派还都认为，工会试图帮助桑切斯留任，数月来的民调显示选民倾向右翼。
They also both argue that the unions are trying to help Sánchez stay in office, with months of polling showing voters leaning toward the Right.
人民党发言人米格尔·特拉多周二表示：“这不是总罢工；这是一场选举罢工。”
"This strike is not a general strike; it is an electoral strike," Popular Party spokesperson Miguel Tellado said Tuesday.
巴尔托梅乌斯说，如果罢工演变成暴力，已经在一些西班牙大区联合执政的右翼政党可能会获益。
If the strike descends into violence, right-wing parties, which already have joined forces to govern in some Spanish regions, could benefit, Bartomeus said.
西班牙和其他欧洲国家一样，经常发生和平的公众抗议，激进团体会利用这些抗议与警察发生冲突并破坏财产。
Spain, like other European countries, often has peaceful public protests that radical groups take advantage of to clash with police and destroy property.
巴尔托梅乌斯说：“人民党和‘呼声’党都希望罢工以失败告终，并以焚烧垃圾桶和砸碎商店橱窗的场面收场”，以便第二天早上，“他们可以说，‘这是混乱，我们要来建立秩序。’”
"The Popular Party and Vox both want the strike to be a flop and to end in scenes of burning dumpsters and shattered shop windows," said Bartomeus, so that the next morning, "they can say, 'This is chaos and we are coming to establish order.'"