美国众议院阻止了对国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯的弹劾尝试，为唐纳德·特朗普总统的政府带来意外的缓解，因为共和党在中间选举中战败。
The United States House of Representatives has blocked an attempt to impeach Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth in a surprise reprieve for President Donald Trump’s administration as Republicans reel from their midterm election defeat.
弹劾条款由共和党众议员托马斯·马西提出，但该提案主要得到民主党人的支持。他们指控赫格塞斯滥用权力并实施非法军事行动。
The impeachment articles were introduced by Republican Congressman Thomas Massie, but the effort was backed primarily by Democrats.
在共和党领导的众议院于周二以211票对204票的结果，将弹劾条款转回众议院司法委员会，该条款可能会无限期停滞。这一程序性动作实际上在当前国会任期结束前（八周后）使弹劾运动宣告终结。2025年1月3日，民主党将接管众议院和参议院。
They accuse Hegseth of abuses of power and conducting illegal military operations. The Republican-led House voted 211-204 on Tuesday to refer the articles back to the House Judiciary Committee, where they could remain indefinitely.
在此过程中，11名民主党议员缺席投票，使得该动作成为决定性因素。关于阻止赫格塞斯弹劾的投票及后续可能性的要点如下：该投票并非针对是否弹劾赫格塞斯，而是针对是否将弹劾条款转交司法委员会，以便进一步调查或修改。
The procedural move in effect killed the impeachment drive for the duration of the current Congress’s term, which ends in eight weeks.
此类程序性动作常被用作拖延策略。鉴于当前国会即将结束，该决议在本届国会任期结束前返回众议院本会场的可能性极小。马西称此次投票是“一个用来杀死决议的程序动作”。投票结果极为接近，以211票对204票通过。
On January 3, Democrats will take control of the House and Senate. In a twist, the absence of 11 Democratic lawmakers during the vote proved decisive. Here’s what to know about the vote to block Hegseth’s impeachment and what could happen next: The vote was not on whether to impeach Hegseth.
马西是唯一反对该提案的共和党议员。其余投票均沿党线进行，共和党议员支持该提案，民主党议员则反对。
It was on whether to refer the articles of impeachment to the Judiciary Committee, where they may be further investigated or amended.
共有18名议员缺席投票——11名民主党议员和7名共和党议员。若民主党议员出席并与同僚一起投票，他们将拥有足够票数击败该程序动作，迫使本周甚至更早对赫格塞斯的弹劾进行全票投票。
Such procedural moves are often used as stalling tactics. With the current Congress due to conclude soon, the resolution is unlikely to return to the House floor before its term ends.
特朗普在社交媒体上欢呼了周二投票的结果，称民主党的弹劾努力“悲惨失败”！未出席投票的民主党人包括：代表们对为何缺席提供了不同的解释。
Massie called the vote “a procedural motion to kill the resolution”. It narrowly passed 211-204. Massie was the sole Republican to oppose the measure.
Strickland、Jackson、Stansbury 和 Gillen 都归咎于华盛顿特区的交通延误。
The remaining votes fell along party lines with Republicans supporting the measure and Democrats opposing it.
Pelosi 表示她因在家乡州参加退伍军人活动而缺席，而 Correa 则说他在加州接受健康程序前缺席。Horsford 的办公室称因个人紧急情况未出席。
Pettersen 表示她在四月曾帮助介绍针对 Hegseth 的弹劾条款，但她说她被“拒绝对本次动议进行投票”，未作进一步说明。
Eighteen representatives were absent from the vote – 11 Democrats and seven Republicans. Had the Democrats shown up and voted with their colleagues, they would have had the numbers to defeat the procedural move, forcing a full House vote on whether to impeach Hegseth as early as this week.
Jackson、Stansbury、Gillen、Strickland、Horsford、Pelosi 和 Pettersen 都表示他们会与民主党同僚一起反对该提案。Jackson 和 Stansbury 还表示他们已在《国会记录》中正式登记反对，但这并未改变官方投票结果。
Trump cheered the result of Tuesday’s vote in a social media post, saying the Democrats’ impeachment effort had “miserably FAILED!”The Democrats absent from the vote were:
对 Stevens、Brownley 或 Wilson 缺席的情况，当事人未立即发表评论。
The representatives have given varying explanations for why they did not show up.
Stevens 早前批评特朗普政府与以色列一起发动对伊朗的战争，并呼吁加强国会监督。但在本月 3 日美国中期选举前几天，这位密歇根州众议员——此前在该州开放参议院席位的民主初选中输给 Abdul El-Sayed——却在选举前夕公开支持共和党候选人 Mike Rogers，反对自己的党内提名人。
Strickland, Jackson, Stansbury and Gillen all blamed a traffic delay in Washington, DC. Pelosi said she was in her home state for a veterans event while Correa said he was in California before undergoing a health procedure. Horsford’s office cited a personal emergency.
83 岁的 Wilson 周一出席迈阿密戴德县一项住房项目的奠基仪式。Wilson 和 Brownley 与 Stevens 同样曾批评特朗普对伊朗战争的处理，并要求政府寻求国会批准对抗行动。
Pettersen, who said she helped introduce articles of impeachment against Hegseth in April, said she had been “denied the ability to vote on this motion” without elaborating.
民主党政治家和进步评论员对民主党人出席率低导致投票结果受影响表示 outrage。
Jackson, Stansbury, Gillen, Strickland, Horsford, Pelosi and Pettersen all said they would have joined their Democratic colleagues in opposing the measure.
特朗普在社交媒体上欢呼了周二投票的结果，称民主党的弹劾努力“悲惨失败”！未出席投票的民主党人包括：代表们对为何缺席提供了不同的解释。
Jackson and Stansbury also said they had formally recorded their opposition in the Congressional Record although this does not change the official vote count.
Strickland、Jackson、Stansbury 和 Gillen 都归咎于华盛顿特区的交通延误。
There was no immediate comment from Stevens, Brownley or Wilson on their absences.
Pelosi 表示她因在家乡州参加退伍军人活动而缺席，而 Correa 则说他在加州接受健康程序前缺席。Horsford 的办公室称因个人紧急情况未出席。
Stevens previously criticised the Trump administration for launching the war on Iran with Israel and sought more congressional oversight.
Pettersen 表示她在四月曾帮助介绍针对 Hegseth 的弹劾条款，但她说她被“拒绝对本次动议进行投票”，未作进一步说明。
But days before the US midterm elections on November 3, the Michigan congresswoman, who had lost the Democratic primary for the state’s open Senate seat earlier to Abdul El-Sayed, endorsed Republican candidate Mike Rogers against her own party’s nominee.
Jackson、Stansbury、Gillen、Strickland、Horsford、Pelosi 和 Pettersen 都表示他们会与民主党同僚一起反对该提案。Jackson 和 Stansbury 还表示他们已在《国会记录》中正式登记反对，但这并未改变官方投票结果。
Wilson, 83, on Monday attended the groundbreaking for a housing project in Miami-Dade County.
对 Stevens、Brownley 或 Wilson 缺席的情况，当事人未立即发表评论。
Wilson and Brownley, like Stevens, previously opposed Trump’s handling of the war on Iran and demanded the administration seek congressional approval for the fighting.
Stevens 早前批评特朗普政府与以色列一起发动对伊朗的战争，并呼吁加强国会监督。但在本月 3 日美国中期选举前几天，这位密歇根州众议员——此前在该州开放参议院席位的民主初选中输给 Abdul El-Sayed——却在选举前夕公开支持共和党候选人 Mike Rogers，反对自己的党内提名人。
Democratic politicians and progressive commentators have expressed outrage that poor attendance from Democrats impacted the outcome of the vote.
83 岁的 Wilson 周一出席迈阿密戴德县一项住房项目的奠基仪式。Wilson 和 Brownley 与 Stevens 同样曾批评特朗普对伊朗战争的处理，并要求政府寻求国会批准对抗行动。
Congresswoman Sydney Kamlager-Dove from California said: “We knew that this vote was coming, so people should have gotten their raggedy selves up these steps to vote.”
民主党政治家和进步评论员对民主党人出席率低导致投票结果受影响表示 outrage。
“There is no reason why we should have lost this vote because of attendance issues,” she added.
加州众议员西德尼·卡姆拉格-多夫说：“我们知道这次投票即将到来，所以人们本该拖着自己那破破烂烂的身子爬上这些台阶去投票。”“我们不应该因为出勤问题而输掉这次投票，没有任何理由，”她补充道。
Senator-elect El-Sayed, responding to a question about the absent Democrats, said: “You should show up and do your job.”Some pundits pointed the finger at Democratic House leader Hakeem Jeffries, who is expected to become the new speaker of the House in January.
参议员当选人埃尔·塞耶德，在回答关于缺席民主党人的提问时说：“你们应该出席并履行职责。”一些评论人士将矛头指向民主党众议院领袖哈基姆·杰弗里斯，他预计将于1月成为新任众议院议长。他们指责他未能对党内成员施加足够压力，以击败该提案。
They accused him of failing to exert sufficient pressure on party members to defeat the measure.
政治评论员克里斯塔尔·鲍尔将这次投票称为“哈基姆·杰弗里斯的一次重大失误”。
Political commentator Krystal Ball called the vote “a major Hakeem Jeffries fail”.
“你本可以弹劾战争罪犯皮特·赫格塞斯，但民主党人没有出席投票，”她说。
“You could have impeached the war criminal Pete Hegseth but Dems didn’t show up to vote,” she said.
这是哈基姆·杰弗里斯的一次重大失误。你本可以弹劾战争罪犯皮特·赫格塞斯，但民主党人没有出席投票。
This is a major Hakeem Jeffries fail. You could have impeached the war criminal Pete Hegseth but Dems didn't show up to vote.
2026年11月11日，进步派作家劳拉·巴塞特说：“杰弗里斯甚至没有对这项投票进行党鞭动员。他告诉人们‘凭良心投票’，而他的党团中有11名成员没有出席。这就是人们想要一位更强有力的领导人的原因。”是的。当新的民主党控制的国会于1月召开时，他们可以重新启动这一进程，并将处于更有利的地位来推进弹劾条款。
November 11, 2026 Progressive writer Laura Bassett said: “Jeffries didn’t even whip the vote. He told people to ‘vote their conscience’, and 11 members of his caucus didn’t show up. This is why people want a stronger leader.”Yes. When the new Democratic-controlled Congress convenes in January, they could begin the process again and will be in a stronger position to advance impeachment articles.
杰弗里斯表示，他将就明年再次尝试弹劾赫格塞斯一事与成员们进行磋商。“我们会在适当的时候进行这次谈话，”他说。
Jeffries has said he will consult members about another potential bid to impeach Hegseth next year. “We’ll have that conversation at the appropriate time,” he said.
然而，对赫格塞斯的弹劾投票并不一定意味着他会被免职。弹劾本身意味着众议院已正式对一名联邦官员提出指控，类似于刑事起诉。
However, a vote to impeach Hegseth does not necessarily mean he will be removed from office. Impeachment itself means the House has formally brought charges against a federal official, similar to a criminal indictment.
一次成功的弹劾投票将触发国会上议院参议院的审判，以决定是否定罪。
A successful impeachment vote triggers a trial in Congress’s upper chamber, the Senate, on whether to convict.
定罪将立即使该官员失去职务，需要参议院至少三分之二的支持。这意味着，即使民主党明年在参议院拥有多数席位，也可能需要大约十几名共和党人加入，才能确保赫格塞斯被免职。
A conviction, which immediately removes the official from office, requires at least two-thirds support in the Senate. That means Democrats, even with their incoming majority in the chamber next year, would likely need about a dozen Republicans to join them to secure Hegseth’s removal.
参议院至今仅定罪过八名官员，均为联邦法官。特朗普曾两次被弹劾——分别在2019年12月和2021年1月——但两次均被参议院宣告无罪。
Only eight officials – all federal judges – have ever been convicted by the Senate. Trump has been impeached twice – in December 2019 and January 2021 – but the Senate acquitted him on both occasions.