当响尾蛇被困住时,它会怎么做?任命斯蒂芬·米勒为幕僚长。毫无疑问,唐纳德·特朗普在上周二遭受了一次自找的、规模巨大的重创。反过来,毫无疑问,特朗普将继续拒绝为一场由他一手编导的选举结果承担责任。
What does a rattlesnake do when it’s trapped? Appoint Stephen Miller chief of staff. There is no question Donald Trump suffered a self-imposed body blow of enormous proportion last Tuesday. There is, in turn, no question that Trump will continue to refuse to take responsibility for an election outcome he wrote and directed.
选举日晚10点37分,总统在Truth Social上宣称:“我不在选票上,如果我在,我们会大获全胜!感谢你们对此事的关注。总统 唐纳德·J·特朗普。”现实是:特朗普虽不在选票上,但他和他的政策在选民心中,当选民在从深蓝到深红的各州投下民主党一票时,他们想的正是这些。
At 10:37 p.m. on Election Day, the president declared on Truth Social: “I wasn’t on the Ballot and if I was, we would have won IN A LANDSLIDE! Thank you for your attention to this matter. President DONALD J. TRUMP.”Reality: Trump was not on the ballot, but he and his policies were on voters’ minds as they pulled the Democratic lever in states ranging from deep blue to dark red.
总统遭遇毁灭性中期选举失利的常态是谦逊地承担责任:1994年比尔·克林顿说,“我接受选举结果中应由我承担的那份责任”;2006年乔治·W·布什称之为一次“重击”;2010年巴拉克·奥巴马称之为一次“惨败”。唐纳德·J·特朗普绝无此等废话。
The norm for a president suffering devastating midterm losses is to take responsibility, humbly: Bill Clinton in 1994, “I accept my share of the responsibility in the result of the elections”; George W. Bush in 2006, a “thumping”; Barack Obama in 2010, a “shellacking.”No such nonsense for Donald J. Trump.
特朗普的顽固反映了他极度厌恶承认一个事实:在中期选举中,全国选民大规模否决了国家历史上最腐败、最反民主的总统,从而突然叫停了我们向威权主义滑落的进程。
Trump’s intransigence reflects his intense aversion to acknowledging that in the midterms the nation’s voters rejected, en masse, the most corrupt, anti-democratic president in the nation’s history, bringing an abrupt halt to our descent into authoritarianism.
在此背景下,2026年11月3日跻身于美国民主幸存下来的那些关键时刻之列。
In this context, Nov. 3, 2026, ranks high among those moments when American democracy survived a crucial challenge.
这些时刻包括:1800年总统大选后国家首次实现权力和平交接,1864年内战期间亚伯拉罕·林肯连任,1974年理查德·尼克松辞职,以及特朗普拒绝接受2020年大选结果,最终酿成1月6日国会山骚乱。
These include the nation’s first peaceful transfer of power after the 1800 presidential election, the re-election of Abraham Lincoln in 1864 in the midst of the Civil War, the resignation of Richard Nixon in 1974 and Trump’s rejection of the 2020 results, which culminated in the Jan. 6 insurrection at the Capitol.
但在某些方面,一周前的选举日后果甚至更为深远:对特朗普和“让美国再次伟大”运动的反对,在每一场候选人名旁标有R或D的竞选中都找到了表达,从州议会席位到联邦参议院席位无一例外。
But Election Day a week ago is, in some respects, even more consequential: The opposition to Trump and the MAGA movement found expression in every contest in which candidates had an R or a D beside their names, from state legislative seats to seats in the U.S. Senate.
前总统比尔·克林顿的高级助手、现任政治顾问道格·索斯尼克在其博客上发布的数据,展示了民主党胜利的广度和深度:民主党在阿拉斯加、佐治亚、爱荷华、内华达、俄亥俄和得克萨斯赢得了州长职位,目前在拥有全国75%人口的30个州控制州长官邸(阿拉斯加和堪萨斯的最终结果尚未出炉)。该党现在在22个州实现“三权合一”(掌控州长及议会两院),而共和党为18个。在全国范围内,民主党至少净增452个州议会席位,并夺回了12个议会议院的控制权。
Doug Sosnik, a former top aide to President Bill Clinton who is now a political consultant, posted data on his blog that gives a sense of the scope and depth of the Democratic victory: Democrats flipped governorships in Alaska, Georgia, Iowa, Nevada, Ohio and Texas and now control 30 governors’ mansions in states with 75 percent of the population (pending final results in Alaska and Kansas). The party now holds trifectas (governor and both branches of the legislature) in 22 states while Republicans have 18. Nationwide, Democrats gained at least 452 state legislative seats while flipping 12 legislative chambers.
作为一名报道南部数十年的记者,我难以用语言形容看到佐治亚选出一位黑人女性州长、得克萨斯选出一位白人自由派参议员,以及密西西比似乎越来越有可能选出一位黑人联邦参议员时的反应。
As a reporter who has covered the South for decades, I find it hard to put into words my reaction to seeing Georgia elect a Democratic Black woman governor, Texas elect a white liberal senator and, as seems increasingly likely, Mississippi elect a Black man to the U.S. Senate.
尽管具有历史性,但选举结果尚未清除堵塞民主政府至关重要的规则与程序体系的腐朽。共和党方面,尚未涌现出具备正直与担当的领袖。
Despite its historic nature, the elections’ outcome has not yet cleansed the political system of the rot clogging the system of rules and procedures crucial to a democratic government. e side of the aisle, Republican leaders equipped with integrity and purpose have yet to emerge.
民主党方面,则正在见证近代记忆中最令人印象深刻的一代潜在总统候选人浮现:乔恩·奥索夫、乔什·夏皮罗、拉姆·伊曼纽尔、安迪·贝希尔、马克·凯利和J·B·普利兹克。
On the other side, Democrats are watching the most impressive new generation of prospective Democratic presidential candidates materialize in recent memory: Jon Ossoff, Josh Shapiro, Rahm Emanuel, Andy Beshear, Mark Kelly and JB Pritzker.
然而,无论谁获得民主党总统提名,都将不得不应对公众目前对该党极度负面的评价。
Whoever emerges with the Democratic presidential nomination will, however, have to cope with the public’s currently dismal assessment of the party.
例如,CBS新闻2月3日至5日进行的一项民调发现,64%的选民认为民主党软弱,而认为共和党软弱的选民为43%;23%的选民认为民主党“强有力”,认为共和党“强有力”的为46%;23%的选民认为民主党“有效”,认为共和党“有效”的为40%。换句话说,在一次预示着这是民主党机遇时刻的选举之后,公众对该党的看法是否会让他们抓住这一机遇,一点也不清楚。
A Feb. 3-5 CBS News poll found, for example, that 64 percent of voters describe the Democratic Party as weak compared with 43 percent who say the same of the G.O.P.; 23 percent say Democrats are “strong” versus 46 percent for Republicans; 23 percent see Democrats as “effective” and 40 percent see Republicans as “effective.”In other words, after an election signaling that this is a moment of opportunity for Democrats, it is not at all clear the public perception of the party will let them take it.
布鲁金斯学会人口统计专家威廉·弗雷不认同我的疑虑。他在回复我询问的电子邮件中写道:我认为这是一场久违的临界点选举,南方——特别是得克萨斯州、佐治亚州、北卡罗来纳州,或许甚至包括佛罗里达州等快速增长、多元化的南方州份——正在反映将继续影响其未来的政治人口结构。
William Frey, a demographic specialist at Brookings, does not share my doubts. He wrote by email in response to my queries: I think this is a long-awaited tipping point election where the South — especially rapidly growing, diverse Southern states, like Texas and Georgia, North Carolina and perhaps even Florida — is reflecting the political demographics which will continue to impact their future.
年轻、西班牙裔、亚裔和黑人群体在全国范围内以及在南方州份都引领了民主党声势的高涨。民主党现在有机会利用其在这些传统上倾向民主党的投票群体中的人口优势,这些群体将构成该地区未来增长的很大一部分。
Younger, Hispanic, Asian and Black populations led the charge in the Democratic surge overall — both nationally and in Southern states. The Democrats now have an opportunity to capitalize on their demographic advantage with these traditionally Democratic-leaning voting blocs, which will be a large part of the region’s future growth.
弗雷向《纽约时报》提供了民调和人口普查数据,显示年轻选民和少数族裔选民对民主党候选人的支持出现巨大转向,且他们在阳光地带关键的、此前为共和党把持的州份中人口占比不断上升,推动了民主党在该地区的胜利。
Frey provided The Times with poll and census data showing huge shifts toward voting Democratic among young voters and minority voters and their growing share of the population in key, previously Republican states in the Sunbelt, driving Democratic victories in the region.
从2024年到2026年,18至29岁选民对民主党候选人的支持率优势扩大了33个百分点,30至44岁选民扩大了25个百分点,远超年长选民。
From 2024 to 2026, the margin of support for Democratic candidates grew among 18- to 29-year-olds by 33 points and among voters 30 to 44 by 25 points, far more than their elders.
与此同时,根据美国人口普查局编制的人口统计数据,在大多数阳光地带州份,这些年轻选民在选民中的占比远高于其他地区。
At the same time, these younger voters make up a far larger share of the electorate in most Sunbelt states than elsewhere, according to demographic data compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau.
以得克萨斯州2020年至2025年人口增长的分布为例:18岁以下占8.12%;18至44岁占38.0%;45至64岁占22.26%;65岁及以上占31.56%。
Take the distribution of population growth from 2020 to 2025 in Texas, for example: Under age 18, it was 8.12 percent; among 18- to 44-year-olds, 38.0 percent; 45- to 64-year-olds, 22.26 percent; and age 65 and older, 31.56 percent.
相比之下,加利福尼亚州和纽约州每个年龄组的人口占比均出现下降,唯有65岁及以上年龄组除外。
Compare that with California and New York, where the share of the population in every age group declined except for those 65 and older.
除了阳光地带倾向民主党的年轻选民人数强劲增长之外,例如在得克萨斯州,如果民主党能在2030年保住州长职位和州众议院,他们就将主导人口普查后的选区重划,扭转民主党近期失利的局面。
In addition to strong growth in the number of Democratic-leaning young voters in the Sunbelt, if, in Texas for example, Democrats can hold on to the governorship and the State House in 2030, they will dominate post-census redistricting, reversing the recent history of Democratic losses.
弗雷写道:“我的新博客”显示,在全国范围内,30岁以下人口中白人现在已占少数,在南方各州尤其如此。
“My new blog,” Frey wrote, shows that, nationally, the under age 30 population is now minority white, which is especially the case in Southern states.
2020年人口普查首次报告,全美18岁以下人口中,超过一半由完全或部分认同为非白人种族或族裔群体的美国人组成。
The 2020 census was the first to report that more than half of the nation’s population under age 18 was made up of Americans who identified either wholly or in part with nonwhite racial or ethnic groups.
如今,美国人口普查局的最新人口估计显示,多元化正沿年龄层向上延伸,现在30岁以下人口中已有超过一半认同为种族或族裔少数群体。
Now, the latest Census Bureau population estimates show diversity moving up the age spectrum, such that now more than half of the population under age 30 identifies with racial or ethnic minority groups.
弗雷在博客中写道,2026年的“蓝色浪潮”在一定程度上是由支持民主党的非白人少数族裔人数缓慢而稳定的增长所推动的:2020年至2025年非白人种族和族裔少数群体人口占比的变化,现已使30岁以下人口达到一个临界点,即超过一半的人全部或部分认同为非白人种族或族裔群体。
Frey described on the blog how the blue wave of 2026 was driven in part by the slow but steady rise of pro-Democratic nonwhite minorities: The 2020-to-2025 shifts in nonwhite racial and ethnic minority population shares have now led to a tipping point for the under-30 population, such that more than half identifies all or in part with a nonwhite racial or ethnic group.
从0岁到29岁的每个年龄组以及整个30岁以下人口均如此。在这些人群中,少数族裔合计占人口的52.8%,远高于这些群体占全美总人口43.9%的份额。
This is the case for each individual age between zero and 29, as well as for the entire under-30 population, where the combined minority groups comprise 52.8 percent of the population — substantially higher than those groups’ 43.9 percent share of the total U.S. population.
在美国南部,一个关键问题是,非白人少数族裔人口是否会增长到足以在州长竞选和州立法机构选举中带来更多民主党胜利,从而阻止共和党在2032年大选前充分利用重新划分选区的优势。
One of the crucial questions in the South is whether nonwhite minority populations will grow large enough to produce more Democratic victories in governors’ races and state legislative contests, preventing Republicans from taking full advantage of redistricting before the 2032 election.
弗雷写道:“这些南部州民主选举产生的政府,现在有机会通过解决新的快速增长的投票群体和年轻一代关心的问题——无论是经济还是文化方面的问题——来接触他们,从而彻底改变这个快速增长地区的政治格局。”一些政治学者在从中期选举得出广泛结论方面比弗雷更为谨慎。
“The democratically elected governments in these Southern states,” Frey wrote, “now have the opportunity to reach out to new fast growing voting blocs and younger generations by addressing their issues, be they economic or cultural, in order to sharply change the politics of this fast-growing region.”Some scholars of politics are more cautious than Frey in drawing broad conclusions from the midterms.
加州大学圣地亚哥分校政治学家、国会问题专家加里·雅各布森通过电子邮件回复我的询问时写道:“我绝不会把一次选举解读为表明‘党派立场发生了真正的、长期的转变’。2026年中期选举显然是对特朗普的拒绝,尤其是年轻和少数族裔选民的拒绝,但他们仅仅两年前才转向共和党,没有理由认为他们已永久站在民主党一边。
Gary Jacobson, a political scientist at the University of California-San Diego and an expert on Congress, wrote by email in response to my inquiries: I’d never read one election as indicating “a real, long-lasting shift in partisanship.”The 2026 midterm was clearly a rejection of Trump, especially by younger and minority voters, but they had swung toward the Republicans only two years earlier and there is no reason to think they are permanently settled on the Democratic side.
未来两年发生的事情将至关重要。如果特朗普延续此前的做法——他任命米勒为幕僚长表明他打算这么做——这可能会巩固近期脱离其政党的选民的疏离感。民主党能否让这些选民满意,或者至少说服他们相信民主党正在努力解决负担能力等问题,即使特朗普设法阻挠,这也将是一个因素。”
Much will depend on what happens in the next two years. If Trump continues as before — and his appointment of Miller as chief of staff indicates that he plans to do so — it may solidify the recent alienation of voters who have shifted from his party. And what the Democrats are able to do to please these voters or at least to convince them that they are trying to address affordability and other matters, even if Trump stymies them, will also be a factor.
雅各布森承认:“长期的人口结构变化——随着年长白人选民去世,人口变得种族更加多元——有利于民主党,但这是一个缓慢且略显反复无常的过程。”
Jacobson acknowledged that “long-term demographic shifts — the population becoming more ethnically diverse as older white voters die off — favor the Democrats, but it is a slow and somewhat erratic process.”
不过,雅各布森指出,弗雷描述的人口趋势在重新划分选区时可能会让民主党受益:结果显示,那些看似稳固的红州若由合适的民主党候选人出战是可以赢下的,这必将纳入两党对2028年大选的盘算之中。人口从蓝州向红州流动,以及2030年随之而来的众议院席位重新分配,如果接收州在此过程中变得不那么“红”,对共和党帮助不大。
Jacobson suggested, however, that the demographic trends described by Frey may pay off for Democrats during redistricting: The results show that what appeared to be solidly red states can be won by the right Democrat and this will surely figure into both parties’ calculations for 2028. The movement of people from blue to red states and the reallocation of House seats that will follow in 2030 will not help Republicans much if the receiving states become less red in the process.
这种情况似乎正在得克萨斯州及南部其他地方发生,尽管我们还要再过几届选举才能确定这种变化有多持久。
This seems to be happening in Texas and elsewhere in the South, although we can’t be sure how durable the change is for another couple of elections.
民主党在进入总统大选时的定位比过去几十年都要有利,或许可追溯至1974年。但两张“王牌”——唐纳德·特朗普及其执行者斯蒂芬·米勒——将在未来两年扮演重要角色。无论发生什么,他们都将是混乱与破坏的源头。
The Democrats are now better positioned going into a presidential election than they have been for decades, perhaps going as far back as 1974. But two wild cards — Donald Trump and his enforcer, Stephen Miller — will be major players over the next two years. Whatever else happens, they will be sources of chaos and disruption.
特朗普至今仍因2020年大选失利以及公众对其总统任期的当下否定而感到难堪——这是留在史册上无法容忍的污点。
Trump is still wincing from his 2020 defeat and the current public repudiation of his presidency — an intolerable mark to leave on the history books.
面对失败,鲜有人能匹敌特朗普的鲁莽,除非他在米勒身上遇到了对手。
Few could match Trump’s recklessness in the face of loss, except he may have met his match in Miller.
在特朗普眼中,民主党是“激进左派疯子团伙”;而在米勒的评估里,左派对我们所熟知的美国的生存构成威胁。
If Democrats are a “radical left group of lunatics” in Trump’s view, in Miller’s assessment the left is a threat to the survival of America as we know it.
以下是米勒在2025年8月25日接受福克斯新闻肖恩·汉尼蒂专访时对民主党的表述:民主党不为美国公民而战、不关心、不代表美国公民。它是一个专门致力于为惯犯、帮派成员以及非法外籍杀人犯和恐怖分子辩护的实体。民主党不是一个政党。它是一个国内极端组织。再看米勒在2025年9月21日查理·柯克纪念仪式上的发言:对于那些试图煽动针对我们的暴力、试图煽动针对我们的仇恨的人,你们拥有什么?
Here’s Miller on the Democratic Party in an Aug. 25, 2025, interview by Sean Hannity on Fox News: The Democrat Party does not fight for, care about or represent American citizens. It is an entity devoted exclusively to the defense of hardened criminals, gangbangers and illegal, alien killers and terrorists. The Democrat Party is not a political party. It is a domestic extremist organization. Or take Miller’s remarks at the Sept. 21, 2025, Charlie Kirk Memorial Service: To those trying to incite violence against us, those trying to foment hatred against us, what do you have?
你们一无所有。你们什么都不是。你们是邪恶。你们是嫉妒。你们是羡慕。你们是仇恨。你们什么都不是。你们什么也建设不了。你们什么也生产不了。你们什么也创造不了。
You have nothing. You are nothing. You are wickedness. You are jealousy. You are envy. You are hatred. You are nothing. You can build nothing. You can produce nothing. You can create nothing.
换言之,特朗普释放了一个把民主党人和自由派视为“专门”保护罪犯、帮派和恐怖分子的人,一个自觉肩负“拯救这个文明、拯救西方、拯救这个共和国”使命的意识形态狂热者。当斯蒂芬·米勒——一个一心要消灭反对派、一个会把半个国家视为死敌的人——成为总统议程背后的指导之手时,没有人是安全的。马修·托宾为本文提供了研究协助。
Trump, in other words, has unleashed a man who sees Democrats and liberals as “devoted exclusively” to the protection of criminals, gangs and terrorists, an ideologue who feels called upon “to save this civilization, to save the West, to save this republic.”No one is safe when Stephen Miller — a man bent on destroying the opposition, a man who would treat half of the nation as mortal enemies — is the guiding hand behind the president’s agenda. Matthew Tobin contributed research to this essay.
托马斯·B·埃德索尔自2011年起担任《纽约时报》观点版撰稿人。他关于美国政治战略和人口趋势的文章每周二刊出。他此前曾为《华盛顿邮报》报道政治新闻。
Thomas B. Edsall has been a contributor to the Times Opinion section since 2011. His essays on strategic and demographic trends in American politics appear every Tuesday. He previously covered politics for The Washington Post.