联合国秘书长古特雷斯周三表示，全球变暖突破1.5摄氏度阈值现在已不可避免，但世界仍有能力决定气温将升多高以及在该限值之上维持多久。他在呼吁全球排放每年下降约6%并更快摆脱化石燃料时说：“全球排放必须每年下降约6%。目前的国家计划（包括有条件的计划）充其量只能实现这一目标的三分之一。”他警告称，世界目前行动“远远太慢”。
A breach of the 1.5°C global warming threshold is now inevitable, but the world still has the power to determine how high temperatures rise and how long they remain above that limit, United Nations secretary general Antonio Guterres said on Wednesday, calling for global emissions to fall around 6% every year and a much faster transition away from fossil fuels.“Global emissions must fall around 6 per cent every year. Current national plans, including conditional ones, deliver at best one-third of that,” he said, warning that the world was moving “far too slowly” at this stage.
古特雷斯在安塔利亚举行的COP31领导人峰会高级别会议上发言时警告称，即使现有国家气候计划全部落实，到本世纪末也将使世界走上升温超过2.5摄氏度的轨迹。他说：“科学告诉我们，超越这一水平现在已不可避免。但科学并没有告诉我们要投降。它告诉我们要更努力地斗争。”他补充说，超标的程度和持续时间仍掌握在人类手中。
Addressing the COP31 Leaders’ Summit as part of the high-level segment in Antalya, Guterres warned that current national climate plans, even if fully implemented, would put the world on a trajectory of more than 2.5°C warming by the end of the century.“Science tells us an overshoot above that level is now inevitable. But science is not telling us to surrender. It’s telling us to fight harder,” he said, adding that the extent and duration of the overshoot remains within humanity’s control.
古特雷斯还主张气候正义，指出除中国以外的新兴经济体和发展中经济体占全球人口近三分之二，却获得不到全球清洁能源投资的五分之一。他表示，这些国家大多借贷成本高出两到三倍，使得转型昂贵得多。“我们不能要求国家转型经济，却剥夺它们实现转型的手段，”他说，呼吁基于共同责任、共同安全和共同利益建立新的“气候正义契约”。
Guterres also argued for climate justice, pointing out that emerging and developing economies outside China account for nearly two-thirds of humanity but receive less than one-fifth of global clean-energy investment. Most also pay two to three times more to borrow, making the transition considerably more expensive, he said.“We cannot demand that countries transform their economies while denying them the means to do so,” he said, calling for a new Climate Justice Compact based on shared responsibility, shared security and shared benefits.
电气化成为讨论核心 古特雷斯的讲话之际，COP31主席国正寻求将电气化置于加速能源转型努力的中心，拟议的“35-by-35全球电气化承诺”已获得多个国家和国际领导人的支持。
Electrification at the heart of discussions His remarks came as the COP31 presidency sought to put electrification at the centre of its efforts to accelerate the energy transition, with the proposed 35-by-35 Global Electrification Pledge drawing support from several countries and international leaders.
古特雷斯也支持该承诺。“我欢迎‘35-by-35全球电气化承诺’的雄心。现在我们必须让它成为现实——并让它变得清洁。中东危机再次暴露了对化石燃料依赖的代价，”他在周三表示。
Guterres also supported the pledge.“I welcome the ambition of the 35-by-35 Global Electrification Pledge. Now we must make it real – and make it clean. The crisis in the Middle East has once again exposed the price of fossil fuel dependence,” he said on Wednesday.
这一自愿电气化承诺旨在到2035年将电力在全球最终能源消费中的占比从目前的约23%提高到35%。它设想加速在交通、建筑和工业领域向电力转型，同时扩大可再生能源、输电网络和储能基础设施。
The voluntary electrification pledge aims to increase electricity’s share of global final energy consumption to 35% by 2035, from around 23% currently.
欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩支持该倡议，称世界现已进入电力时代。“因此，我支持‘35-by-35全球电气化承诺’，并鼓励其他人也这样做。”她在周三的高级别会议上表示。
It envisages accelerating the shift towards electricity across transport, buildings and industry, alongside an expansion of renewable energy, transmission networks and storage infrastructure.
联合国气候变化执行秘书斯蒂尔也呼吁各国从承诺转向实际落实，指出电气化是COP31必须在其中交付成果的关键领域之一。“我们正在两条轨道上工作，即谈判和全球气候行动议程，后者将实体经济拉近这一进程，”他在高级别会议上表示，并指出电气化每个经济体、将适应资金增加两倍以及改善融资渠道是关键优先事项。
“利用现有技术，多达75%的能源需求已经可以实现电气化，”他说，敦促政府和企业加快部署。
European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen backed the initiative, stating the world had now entered the age of electricity.“Therefore, I support the 35-by-35 Global Electrification Pledge, and I encourage others to do the same.” she said during the High-level segment on Wednesday.UN climate change executive secretary Simon Stiell also called for countries to move from commitments to practical implementation, identifying electrification as one of the key areas where COP31 must deliver.“We’re working on two tracks, the negotiations, and the Global Climate Action Agenda, which brings the real economy closer to this process,” he said at the high-level segment, identifying electrifying every economy, tripling adaptation finance and improving access to finance were key priorities.“Up to 75% of energy demand can already be electrified with existing technologies,” he said, urging governments and businesses to accelerate their deployment.
古特雷斯同时表示，目前四分之三的人类生活在进口化石燃料的国家——这使他们容易受到无法控制的价格冲击影响。
Guterres meanwhile said three quarters of humanity currently live in countries that import fossil fuels -- making them vulnerable to price shocks they cannot control.
他还呼吁加快对电网和储能设施的投资，指出约有 3000 吉瓦的可再生能源和储能项目正在等待并网。然而，这一转型也引发了关于负担能力和融资渠道的问题，尤其是对发展中经济体而言。
He also called for faster investment in electricity grids and storage, pointing out that around 3,000 GW of renewable energy and storage projects were awaiting grid connections. However, the transition also raises questions about affordability and access to finance, particularly for developing economies.
印度目前的立场是，电气化和能源转型的步伐必须考虑到本国国情、资本的成本与可得性、配套基础设施以及技术获取。该国还强调了共同但有区别的责任原则。
India’s position so far has been that the pace of electrification and the energy transition must account for national circumstances, the cost and availability of capital, supporting infrastructure and access to technology. The country has also emphasised the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.
专家表示，印度已提前超越了到 2030 年非化石能源装机容量占比达到 50% 的目标，今年 7 月这一比例已达 54%，并指出其重点应更多地放在获取所需资金上，以使这些装机容量能无缝运行。
“印度自己的数据已经回答了关于 COP31 主席国电气化承诺的问题，”国际太阳能联盟前总干事、巴黎气候大会印度首席谈判代表阿贾伊·马图尔说。“这就是为什么印度现在的关注点不那么在于新的承诺，而更多在于使这些装机容量无缝运行所需的资金。约 90 吉瓦时的电池储能项目已完成授标。到 2030 年整合 500 吉瓦非化石能源电力、进一步降低对煤电的依赖，每年将需要近 2 万公里的新建输电线路。像印度这样的发展中国家更希望 COP31 将精力集中在为这一建设提供融资上，而不是另一个印度已经达成并超越的自愿目标上，”他说。
Experts say India has already surpassed its target of 50% installed power capacity from non-fossil sources by 2030, reaching 54% by July this year, stating its focus should be more on securing the capital needed to make this capacity work seamlessly.“India’s own numbers already answer the question about the COP31 Presidency’s electrification pledge,” said Ajay Mathur, Former Director General of the International Solar Alliance and India’s lead Negotiator at the Paris COP.“That is why India’s attention now is less on new pledges, and more on the capital needed to make this capacity work seamlessly. Around 90 GwH of battery storage has already been awarded. Integrating 500 GW of non-fossil power by 2030, and cutting coal dependence further, will need close to 20,000 circuit kms of new transmission lines a year. Developing countries like India would rather that COP31 direct its energy into financing that build-out than into another voluntary target it has already met and surpassed,” he said.