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捷克严阵以待,准备迎接针对公共媒体削减经费的大规模抗议Czechia braces for massive protest against cuts to public media

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“罢工——为了新闻自由、媒体自由” 捷克许多人担心,政府改变公共媒体资助方式的计划将损害捷克电视台和捷克广播电台的独立性。图片:卡特日娜·苏洛娃/捷克通讯社照片/IMAGO'Strike — For a free press, free media' Many in Czechia fear that the government's plans to change the way public media is funded will undermine the independence of Czech Television and Czech Radio Image: Katerina Sulova/CTK Photo/IMAGO

蒂姆·戈斯林(Tim Gosling)2026年11月13日一项旨在削减公共媒体资金的加急法案在捷克引发了罢工、集会,并引发了人们对捷克公共广播独立性的担忧。一场大规模抗议活动计划于周日在布拉格举行。

Tim Gosling November 13, 2026 A fast-tracked bill to cut public media funding has sparked strikes, rallies and fears for the independence of public broadcasting in Czechia. A massive protest is planned for Prague on Sunday.

在谷歌上偏好DW《罢工——为了自由的新闻界、自由的媒体》捷克许多人担心,政府改变公共媒体资金筹措方式的计划将破坏捷克电视台和捷克广播电台的独立性。预计本周末将有数十万人聚集在布拉格,抗议捷克政府在10月份的一场突击夜间会议中,企图通过议会强行通过一项改革公共媒体资金的法案。

Prefer DW on Google 'Strike — For a free press, free media' Many in Czechia fear that the government's plans to change the way public media is funded will undermine the independence of Czech Television and Czech Radio Hundreds of thousands of people are expected to rally in Prague this weekend to protest the Czech government's bid to ram a bill to reform public media funding through parliament in a surprise overnight session in October.

由总理安德雷什·巴比什领导的右翼民粹主义执政联盟对该立法的首读进行了加急处理,并在10月24日凌晨4点36分投票通过。

The right-populist coalition headed by Prime Minister Andrej Babis fast-tracked the first of three readings of the legislation, which culminated in a vote of approval at 4:36 a.m. on October 24.

该法案已经在全国各地引发了多次示威和罢工,但周日在首都莱特纳公园举行的集会很可能是迄今为止规模最大的一次。法案内容是什么?

The bill has already provoked numerous demonstrations and strikes across the country, but Sunday's gathering in the capital's Letna park is likely to be by far the largest to date. What's in the bill?

根据政府的提案,目前为捷克电视台(CT)和捷克广播电台(CRo)提供资金的收视费模式将被废除,这两家广播机构将直接从国家预算中获得资金。

Under the government's proposal, the license fee model that currently funds Czech Television (CT) and Czech Radio (CRo) would be scrapped, and the broadcasters would be funded directly from the state budget.

执政联盟的三个政党——巴比什的中右翼激进民主党(ANO)、极右翼的自由和直接民主党(SPD)以及激进保守派的汽车主义者党(其选民基础通常富裕程度较低)——坚称收视费是一种不公平的税收。

The three parties in the coalition— Babis's centrist ANO, the far-right SPD, and radical conservative Motorists, whose voter bases tend to be less affluent — insist that the license fee is an unfair tax.

当议会内部政府在10月23日至24日夜间强行通过这项有争议的媒体资金法案的首读时,人群在议会外抗议。这些政党辩称,根据新安排,捷克电视台和捷克广播电台的第一年资金将被削减约15%,这将使两家机构更有效率。他们还指出,其他几个欧盟成员国也进行了类似的调整。对该法案有哪些反对意见?批评人士愤怒地驳斥了这些理由。

Crowds protested outside parliament while inside, the government pushed through the first reading of the controversial media funding bill on the night of October 23/24 The parties argue that the new arrangement, which would see funding for CT and CRo cut by around 15% in the first year, would make the two more efficient. They also point out that several other European Union states have made similar changes. What are the objections to the bill? Critics have angrily dismissed these justifications.

反对党、民间社会组织和国际监督机构指责政府企图破坏广播机构的独立性,这些机构的批评性报道长期以来一直惹恼了ANO和SPD。

Opposition parties, civil society organizations and international watchdogs accuse the government of seeking to undermine the independence of the broadcasters, whose critical reporting has long irked ANO and the SPD in particular.

分析人士指出,虽然其他欧盟国家的模式包含对长期财务稳定和编辑独立性的保证,但捷克政府的提案两者皆无。

Analysts point out that while models in other EU states include guarantees of long-term financial stability and editorial independence, the Czech government proposal offers neither.

捷克电视台和捷克广播电台警告称,法案中包含的预算削减将意味着削减节目和裁员。今年夏天,当拟议法案首次公布并引发抗议时,欧洲数字研究新学院的瓦茨拉夫·什捷特卡对德国之声表示,这种“急剧的预算削减是一种文化破坏行为”。在对该法案进行快速立法期间,对限制议会辩论的做法也受到了谴责。

CT and CRo have warned that the reduced budget included in the bill will mean programming- and staff cuts When the first publication of the proposed bill was met with protests over the summer, Vaclav Stetka of the European New School of Digital Studies told DW that such "dramatic budget cuts represent an act of cultural vandalism." There has also been condemnation of the restriction of the parliamentary debate amid the fast-tracking of the bill.

在议会深夜投票后的几天里,抗议活动仍在继续。捷克第二大城市布尔诺的马萨里克大学政治学家奥托·艾布尔对德国之声表示:“对抗性的做法、限制议会辩论的尝试以及政府对记者和批评人士的言论,都导致了公众的反弹。”在该法案被快速推进后发生了什么?

The protests continued in the days after the late-night vote in parliament "The confrontational approach, the attempts to limit parliamentary debate and the government's rhetoric towards journalists and critics have all contributed to the public backlash," Otto Eibl, political scientist at Masaryk University in Czechia 's second city Brno, told DW. What has happened since the bill was fast-tracked?

公众的反弹是即时的。当政府强行推进法案的一读时,人群通宵在议会外设岗抗议。

The backlash was immediate. Crowds picketed parliament through the night as the government pushed through the first reading of the bill.

此后,全国各大中小城市举行了多场集会。其中许多抗议活动由学生领导,工会、教会以及教育和文化机构的代表也加入了进来。

Since then, multiple rallies have taken place in cities and towns across the country. Many of these protests were led by students and joined by unions, Churches and representatives of educational and cultural institutions.

捷克电视台和捷克广播电台的工作人员在11月初举行了罢工,打乱了该国的电视和广播节目播出时间表。周日的抗议活动将进一步加大筹码。

CT and CRo staff called a strike in early November, disrupting the country's TV and radio schedules. Sunday's protest is set to up the ante.

此次抗议活动将在“天鹅绒革命”开始纪念日前两天举行,该革命最终于1989年在当时的捷克斯洛伐克推翻了共产主义。

It will take place two days before the anniversary of the start of the Velvet Revolution, which ultimately brought down communism in what was then Czechoslovakia in 1989.

民间社会团体“民主百万时刻”组织了周日的集会,在巴比什于2019年首次担任总理期间,该团体曾动员约30万名示威者走上街头抗议,今年早些时候也动员了20万以上的人数。为什么反应如此强烈?

The civil society group Million Moments for Democracy, which is organizing Sunday's rally, brought an estimated 300,000 onto the streets to protest during Babis's first term as prime minister in 2019 and more than 200,000 earlier this year Why has the reaction been so strong?

政府突然试图强行通过该提议,反映出其急于兑现2025年10月选举前作出的核心承诺,同时也反映了这位总理长期以来的野心。在2017至2021年的第一个任期内,他试图策划控制捷克电视台管理委员会的企图曾受挫。

The government's sudden bid to push through the proposal reflects impatience to deliver on a core pledge made ahead of the October 2025 election, as well as the longstanding ambition of the prime minister, who was stymied in his attempt to engineer control of CT's governing council during his first term in power in 2017–21.

“为了你,而不是为了政客”——在捷克许多人眼中,公共广播公司是民主的基石。瓦茨拉夫·什特特卡指出,捷克历届和现任政府对公共媒体的屡次攻击,反映出欧洲后共产主义国家普遍存在的一种特殊政治文化。他断言:“政治精英从未接受过公共媒体的独立性。”

'For you, not for politicians' — Public broadcasters are seen by many in Czechia as cornerstones of democracy Vaclav Stetka notes that repeated assaults on public media by Czech governments past and present reflect a particular political culture across Europe's post-communist states. "The political elite has never accepted the independence of public media," he asserted.

然而在捷克,公共广播公司赢得了作为民主基石的特殊地位。这种地位是在2000至2001年被称为“捷克电视台危机”的事件中铸就的,当时员工对捷克电视台工作室的占领以及大规模抗议迫使当时的政府在争夺控制权的企图上做出妥协。

In Czechia, however, the public broadcasters have earned special status as cornerstones of democracy That standing was forged in what became known as the "Czech TV crisis" of 2000–01, when an occupation of CT's studios by staff and mass protests forced the government of the day to back down on a bid to wrest control.

埃布尔表示:“围绕公共服务媒体的争夺已成为捍卫自由民主价值观和机构的象征。”政府作何反应?

"The fight over the public service media has become a symbol of the defense of liberal democratic values and institutions," Eibl said. How has the government reacted?

随着怒火高涨,政府试图平息局势。巴比什表示,将拟定一项新提议,把公共媒体资金移出预算并保证编辑独立性,并将其提交进行全面且公开的辩论。

As anger has swelled, the government has sought to calm the situation. Babis has said that a new proposal, which would see public media funding moved off budget and editorial independence guaranteed, would be drawn up and made available for a full and open debate.

在11月3日捷克电视台的罢工期间,主持人在昏暗的新闻编辑室前宣读了新闻。然而,批评人士依然不为所动,他们指出该提议缺乏任何细节,且政府其他成员似乎决心按原计划推进。“民主百万时刻”坚称,必须继续施压。

During the November 3 strike at Czech Television, hosts read the news in front of a darkened newsroom However, critics remain unimpressed, noting a lack of any detail and the fact that other members of the government appear determined to remain on course. Million Moments for Democracy has insisted the pressure must continue.

该组织表示:“空话毫无价值。在人们挺身维护独立媒体的同时,政府继续行事得仿佛它拥有这个国家一样。”政府面临的潜在风险是什么?由于反对派没有消散的迹象,政府面临着一个选择。

"Words are worth nothing," the group said. "While people stand up for independent media, the government continues to act as if it owns the country." What are the potential risks for the government? With little sign that the opposition will dissipate, the government faces a choice.

它拥有强行通过该法案并击败来自上议院参议院和总统彼得·帕维尔任何可能否决所需的议会多数席位,但这可能会付出代价。

It has the parliamentary majority it needs to push the bill through and defeat any likely vetoes from the upper house Senate and President Petr Pavel But this could come at a cost.

民调显示,政府的政治支持率已经减弱,如果抗议活动扩大到包括对生活成本和住房日益增长的不满情绪,支持率可能会进一步下降,正如最近法国和其他欧洲国家的学生领导的抗议活动中所发生的那样。“对政府而言,真正的风险在于媒体问题成为引发更广泛不满情绪的导火索,”总部位于布拉格的欧洲政策研究所“欧洲中心”的马丁·沃卡莱克表示。局势会走向暴力吗?巴比斯意识到了这种危险。

Polls suggest political support for the government has been weakened and could diminish further if the protests expand to include growing frustrations over the cost of living and housing, as happened recently with student-led protests in France other European countries "The real risk for the government is that the media issue becomes a lightning rod for broader dissatisfaction," said Martin Vokalek of the Prague-based EUROPEUM Institute for European Policy. Could things turn violent? Babis is aware of the danger.

公众对政府关于捷克公立媒体计划的反对并非新鲜事:6月在捷克电视台外举行的这场示威呼吁罢免文化部长奥托·克伦皮尔,并表达了对该国公立媒体的支持。总理宣布他将不出席11月17日具有巨大象征意义的天鹅绒革命纪念活动,希望他的缺席能够“平息紧张局势”。然而,人们并不怎么担心捷克抗议活动会陷入暴力。

Public opposition to the government's plans for Czech public media are nothing new: this demonstration outside Czech Television in June called for the dismissal of Culture Minister Oto Klempir and expressed support for the country's public media The PM announced that he will not attend the Velvet Revolution anniversary celebrations on November 17, which are hugely symbolic, in the hope that his absence might "calm the tense situation." However, there's little concern that the Czech protests could descend into violence.

分析人士指出,捷克的愤怒情绪仍然高度集中在公立媒体提案上,并继续以类似于该国现代史中震撼性事件的方式表达出来。

Analysts note that the anger in Czechia remains tightly focused on the public media proposal and continues to be expressed in a similar way to the seismic events of the country's modern history.

“我不会预期会出现法国式的场面,”沃卡莱克对德国之声表示,并指出那种赋予“天鹅绒革命”和1993年“天鹅绒分离”(与斯洛伐克分离)以名字的“规模大、和平且公民化的捷克抗议文化”依然强劲。

"I would not expect French-style scenes," Vokalek told DW, noting that the same "large, peaceful and civic Czech protest culture," which gave the Velvet Revolution and 1993's Velvet Divorce from Slovakia their name, is still strong.

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