Adam Easton 2026年11月15日 波兰的堕胎法非常严格。当地活动人士找到了一种新方法，帮助想要终止妊娠的女性：“堕胎机”，一个发放堕胎药的储物柜。但他们面临着激烈的反对。
Adam Easton November 15, 2026 Abortion laws in Poland are very restrictive. Activists there have found a new way to help women wanting to terminate a pregnancy: the "Abortomat," a locker that dispenses abortion pills. But they face fierce opposition.
波兰活动人士尤斯蒂娜·维日琴斯卡协助运营“堕胎机”，该储物柜让女性能够快速、匿名地获取堕胎药 波兰的女性权利活动人士开设了他们声称是世界上第一个供应堕胎药的快递柜，该国拥有欧洲最严格的堕胎法之一。这个被称为“堕胎机”的储物柜位于波兰议会对面的一栋建筑内，活动人士称这是对唐纳德·图斯克等政客的明确信息。波兰总理在2023年议会选举前承诺引入妊娠12周内按需堕胎，但他的联盟未能就共同立场达成一致。欧盟成员国中，只有波兰和马耳他不允许按需堕胎。
Prefer DW on Google Polish activist Justyna Wydrzynska helps to operate the 'Abortomat,' a locker that allows women to access abortion pills swiftly and anonymously Women's rights activists in Poland have opened what they say is the world's first delivery locker supplying abortion pills in a country with one of Europe's most restrictive abortion laws Known as the "Abortomat," the locker is in a building opposite the Polish parliament, in what activists say is a clear message to politicians like Donald Tusk The Polish prime minister pledged to introduce abortion on demand up to the 12th week of pregnancy before the 2023 parliamentary election, but his coalition has been unable to agree on a common position. Only two European Union member states, Poland and Malta, do not allow abortion on request.
在波兰，堕胎仅在妊娠是犯罪结果——强奸或乱伦——或妊娠危及妇女健康或生命时才被允许。
In Poland, is only allowed when the pregnancy is the result of a crime — rape or incest — or when it endangers the health or life of the woman.
粉色储物柜和PIN码 尤斯蒂娜·维日琴斯卡是名为“堕胎梦想团队”的非营利组织的活动人士，她向德国之声展示了位于阿波塔克（波兰第一家堕胎中心）内一间小房间里的“堕胎机”，房间后面有一条流苏门帘。
Pink lockers and PIN codes Justyna Wydrzynska an activist from a nonprofit organization called Abortion Dream Team, showed DW the "Abortomat" in a small room behind a tasseled portiere at Abotak, Poland's first abortion center.
阿波塔克，波兰第一家堕胎中心，位于波兰议会对面，并设有“堕胎机”。室内，粉色灯光柔和。流苏、亮片和聚光灯让它有点像迪斯科，她说。
Abotak, Poland's first abortion center, is situated opposite the Polish parliament and houses the 'Abortomat' Inside, the pink lighting is subdued. Glitter tassels, baubles and spotlights make it feel a bit like a disco, she said.
“堕胎机”于9月底开放，设有22个粉色储物柜。要打开其中一个，女性在填写一份医疗问卷后，会从“妇女帮助妇女”组织获得一个PIN码，该问卷随后由医生审核。
The "Abortomat," which opened in late September, has 22 pink lockers. To open one, a woman receives a PIN code from the organization Women Help Women after completing a medical questionnaire, which is then checked by a doctor.
近年来，包裹储物柜在波兰如雨后春笋般涌现，连最小的村庄都有。
Parcel lockers have sprung up like mushrooms after rain in Poland in recent years. Even the smallest villages have them.
“在波兰走一圈，到处都是自动售货机。这是我们的文化。美国人有亚马逊，我们有各种自动售货机，”维日琴斯卡说。
"When you walk around Poland, vending machines are everywhere. This is our culture. People in the US have Amazon, we have vending machines for everything," said Wydrzynska.
因帮助一名女性堕胎而被定罪 波兰女性堕胎本身不被定为犯罪。但任何帮助她们终止妊娠的人都面临最高三年监禁的风险。
Convicted of helping a woman to have an abortion Women in Poland who have an abortion are not criminalized. But anyone who helps them terminate a pregnancy risks up to three years in prison.
2023年，维日琴斯卡成为波兰首位因寄送药丸帮助女性堕胎而被定罪的活动人士。该定罪后来被推翻，法院下令重审。
In 2023, Wydrzynska was the first activist to be convicted in Poland of helping a woman to have an abortion by sending her pills. The conviction was later overturned, and the court ordered a retrial.
“堕胎机”：波兰世界首个堕胎药丸分发储物柜 要观看此视频，“堕胎机”每个隔间内都有一个包裹，通常含有两种药物，米非司酮和米索前列醇，通常在怀孕第14周前服用。
'Abortomat': World's first abortion pill-dispensing locker in Poland To view this video , and Inside each compartment at the "Abortomat" is a package that normally contains two drugs, mifepristone and misoprostol, usually taken up to the 14th week of pregnancy.
由于米非司酮在波兰未注册，该药物必须从国外合法销售的地方订购。如何操作的信息不易获得，堕胎梦想团队和阿波塔克正是为此而存在。她们帮助女性获取药物信息，药物由女性帮助女性组织从国外寄送，或帮助她们前往国外终止妊娠。
Because mifepristone is not registered in Poland, the drug must be ordered from abroad where it is legal. Information on how to do this is not easy to come by, which is where Abortion Dream Team and Abotak come in. They help women find information about accessing medication, which is sent from abroad by Women Help Women, or help them to travel abroad for a termination.
“复杂”的法律局势 维日琴斯卡表示，她认为“堕胎机”不违法，因为投放药丸的是机器，而不是人，尽管她承认自己不确定。
A 'complicated' legal situation Wydrzynska said she believes the "Abortomat" does not break the law because it is a machine, not a person, that is delivering the pills, although she admits she is not sure.
代表维日琴斯卡的生殖权利律师萨布丽娜·马纳-瓦拉塞克博士表示，堕胎药丸的法律环境是“复杂”的。她说，虽然米非司酮在波兰未注册，但在欧盟已注册，作为欧盟公民，波兰女性可以订购并服用。“如果女性为自己订购药丸并自行付费，这不是犯罪，”她说。
Dr. Sabrina Mana-Walasek, a reproductive rights lawyer representing Wydrzynska, said the legal environment for abortion pills is "complicated." She said that although mifepristone is not registered in Poland, it is registered in the European Union and, as EU citizens, Polish women can order it and take it. "If a woman orders pills for herself and pays for them herself, it's not a crime," she said.
天主教团体的反对 超级天主教法律组织Ordo Iuris不同意，并已向检察官办公室通报，称这些活动人士正在犯罪。
Opposition from Catholic groups The ultra-Catholic legal group Ordo Iuris disagrees and has notified the prosecutor's office that the activists are committing a crime.
Ordo Iuris医疗法与生物伦理中心主任卡塔日娜·格西阿克表示：“在‘堕胎自动售货机’的情况下，使女性能够堕胎的行为理论上是由女性本人使用该设备完成的，但现实是，这台机器由人来操作——他们发送打开存放堕胎药片隔间所需的代码，他们订购并采购药片，并给隔间补货。”
"In the case of an 'Abortomat,' the actions enabling a woman to have an abortion are theoretically performed by the woman herself using the device, but the reality is that this machine is operated by people — they send the code required to open the compartment containing abortion pills, they order and procure the pills, and they restock the compartments," said Katarzyna Gesiak, director of the Ordo Iuris Center for Medical Law and Bioethics.
安慰性的信息可以在Abotak中心内部看到。维日什琴斯卡表示，反堕胎活动人士经常在Abotak外面示威，使用喇叭和扩音器制造巨大噪音，以打扰中心住宅邻居，并向房东施压，要求其撤销租赁协议。
Comforting messages can be seen inside the Abotak center Wydrzynska said anti-abortion activists regularly demonstrate outside Abotak, using horns and loudspeakers to generate loud noise to annoy the center's residential neighbors and pressure the landlord to revoke their rental agreement.
在一次示威中，一名手持圣母玛利亚图像的妇女告诉德国之声，她认为堕胎“是撒旦的作为”。“堕胎是邪恶的，是恶魔的，违背了第五条诫命‘不可杀人’，”她说。
At one demonstration, a woman holding an image of the Virgin Mary told DW she believes abortion "is the work of Satan." "Abortion is evil, it's demonic, it's against the fifth Commandment, 'Thou shalt not kill,'" she said.
支持寻求堕胎的女性 今年早些时候，住在华沙的25岁乌克兰女性戴安娜在怀孕第六周使用了堕胎药片，当时“堕胎自动售货机”尚未启动。她是通过堕胎梦想团队提供的信息获得药片的。戴安娜告诉德国之声，她从未想要过孩子。
Support for women seeking an abortion Earlier this year, Diana, a 25-year-old Ukrainian woman living in Warsaw used abortion pills during her sixth week of pregnancy before the "Abortomat" started up. She got the pills using information provided by Abortion Dream Team. Diana told DW that she has never wanted to have children.
“我原本预期会有头痛、胃痛，也许会呕吐，但我什么都没有。就像正常的月经一样。我没有感到任何疼痛。对我来说真的很容易，”她说。
"I was expecting something like a headache, stomachache, maybe vomiting, but I had nothing like that. It was just like a normal period.
“我感到如释重负，因为我知道这是对我正确的选择。我知道我可以过我的生活，”她补充道。
I didn't feel any pain. It was really easy for me," she said. "I felt relief because I knew that it was the right choice for me.
在获得储物柜密码之前，一名女性首先要完成来自组织“妇女帮助妇女”的医疗问卷。另一名堕胎梦想团活动家纳塔莉亚·布罗尼亚尔奇克表示，他们每天在波兰帮助约130名女性。其中约125名女性使用价格约为75欧元（83美元）的药片，其余的女性则前往国外诊所。相比之下，去年波兰医院仅进行了851例堕胎手术。
I knew that I can live my life," she added. Before receiving a PIN code for the locker, a woman first has to complete a medical questionnaire from the organization Women Help Women Another Abortion Dream Team activist, Natalia Broniarczyk, said they help about 130 women daily in Poland. About 125 of these women use pills that cost about €75 ($83), while the remainder travel to a clinic abroad. In contrast, just 851 abortions were performed in Polish hospitals last year.
右翼政党支持率上升 布罗尼亚尔奇克担心明年议会选举前右翼政党支持率上升，但她也对图斯克联盟中自由派的不作为感到愤怒。
Rising support for right-wing parties Broniarczyk is concerned about the rising support for right-wing parties ahead of next year's parliamentary election, but she's also furious at the inactivity of liberals in Tusk's coalition.
“我对自由派感到愤怒，因为三年来他们什么都没做来保护我们。他们浪费了三年，现在，当我们接近选举时，他们却在为我们的声音和尊重而争吵。人民比政客更进步，”她说。
"I'm mad at the liberals because for three years, they did nothing to protect us. They lost three years and now, when we're close to an election, they are fighting for our voices and respect. People are more progressive than politicians," she said.
2023年执政后，图斯克的联盟包括左翼和保守派伙伴，未能就共同立场达成一致，各自的法案在2024年未能获得议会批准。
After taking office in 2023, Tusk's coalition, which includes left-wing and conservative partners, were unable to agree a common position and their separate bills failed to obtain parliamentary approval in 2024.
纳塔莉亚·布罗尼亚尔奇克认为，波兰总统卡罗尔·纳瓦罗茨基将使用否决权，阻止该国议会最近通过的两项法案，这两项法案将使堕胎更容易获得。此后，图斯克表示，在当前议会任期内，按需堕胎将不可能实现。
Natalia Broniarczyk believes Poland's president, Karol Nawrocki, will use his power of veto to block two bills recently passed by the country's parliament that would make abortion more accessible Afterwards, Tusk said abortion on request would not be possible during the current parliamentary term.
议会批准的两项法案 然而，在10月，两项法案被重新提交给议会下院塞伊姆，并以微弱优势获得批准。
Two bills approved by parliament In October, however, two bills were resubmitted to the Sejm, the lower house of parliament, and were narrowly approved.
其中一项法案将严重不可逆的胎儿缺陷重新列为合法终止妊娠的理由。这一理由在2020年被宪法法庭裁定为非法，当时前任由右翼政党“法律与正义”（PiS）领导的政府执政。
One reinstates severe irreversible fetal defects as a justification for a legal termination. This justification had been ruled illegal by the Constitutional Court in 2020 when the previous right-wing Law and Justice (PiS) led government was in power.
2020年的裁决导致数以万计的人，大多是女性，在全国各地的城镇和城市举行街头抗议，其中一些是自1989年共产主义垮台以来规模最大的抗议活动。
The 2020 ruling led to tens of thousands of people, mostly women, taking part in street protests in towns and cities across the country, some of the largest since communism fell in 1989.
立法者还批准了一项法案，部分非刑事化任何帮助女性终止妊娠的人。
Lawmakers also approved a bill partially decriminalizing anyone who helps a woman terminate her pregnancy.
根据SW Research为Onet.pl最近进行的一项民调结果，近61%的受访者表示，他们希望该国右翼总统卡罗尔·纳瓦罗茨基（Karol Nawrocki，由PiS支持）否决关于胎儿缺陷理由的法案。
According to the results of a recent poll conducted by SW Research for Onet.pl almost 61% of respondents said they want the country's right-wing president, Karol Nawrocki, who is backed by PiS, toto law the bill on the fetal defect justification.
纳瓦罗茨基反对堕胎，而维日琴斯卡（Wydrzynska）和布罗尼亚尔奇克（Broniarczyk）都认为，他将使用否决权来阻止这些法案，使其无法成为法律。
Nawrocki opposes abortion, and both Wydrzynska and Broniarczyk think he will use his power of veto to block the bills, preventing them from becoming law.