爱尔兰提议让欧盟比原计划更早使用国际碳信用额度，并放宽免费排放许可规则，以期为其旗舰气候政策的改革谈判注入动力。
Ireland proposed opening the door for the European Union to use international carbon credits earlier than planned and easing rules on free emissions permits in a bid to inject momentum into negotiations over reforming its flagship climate policy.
根据彭博新闻社周日看到的一份文件，担任欧盟轮值主席国的爱尔兰政府希望在2031年至2035年引入一个试点阶段，允许受欧盟排放交易体系（ETS）约束的企业使用高完整性的进口信用额度，以潜在地履行部分义务。根据欧盟委员会7月的提案，欧盟企业将能从2036年起使用高质量的国际信用额度。
The Irish government, which holds the EU’s rotating presidency, wants to introduce a pilot phase from 2031 to 2035 for high-integrity imported credits that companies covered by the bloc’s Emissions Trading System could potentially use to meet some of their obligations, according to a document seen by Bloomberg News on Sunday. Under the European Commission’s July proposal, EU companies would be able to use high-quality international credits from 2036.
这项拟议的改革在欧盟各国政府中引发分歧。瑞典和荷兰倾向于更严格的排放规则和更快向清洁能源转型，而包括意大利、波兰和希腊在内的国家则担心摆脱化石燃料的成本。双方均称拥有足够票数阻挠对方诉求。
The proposed overhaul has divided EU governments. Sweden and the Netherlands favor tougher emissions rules and a faster shift to clean energy, while countries including Italy, Poland and Greece are concerned about the cost of moving away from fossil fuels. Both sides say they have enough votes to block the other’s demands.
爱尔兰轮值主席国的一位发言人表示：“有了这份妥协文本，我们正在推动谈判向前发展，旨在为所有成员国推进一个平衡的方案。”
“With this compromise text, we are moving the negotiations forward as we look to advance a balanced package for all member states,” said a spokesperson for the Irish presidency.
国际信用额度将由欧盟境外的减排项目产生。其使用将影响欧盟从2036年起必须根据交易体系削减排放的速度。根据该文件，爱尔兰提案列出了预期信用额度采购量的六个区间，对应体系排放上限的年度削减幅度从最初委员会提议的1.7%至2.7%不等。预期信用额度采购量越少，意味着上限削减越快。
The international credits would be generated by projects to reduce emissions outside the EU. Their use would affect how quickly the bloc must cut emissions under the trading system from 2036. The Irish proposal sets out six ranges for expected credit purchases, with corresponding annual reductions in the system’s emissions cap ranging from 1.7%, as originally proposed by the commission, to 2.7%. Fewer expected credit purchases would mean faster cuts to the cap, according to the document.
驻布鲁塞尔的欧盟成员国大使预计将于周三讨论该提案。爱尔兰目标是在12月11日的环境部长会议上确立各国政府的共同立场。
Ambassadors representing EU member states in Brussels are due to discuss the proposal Wednesday. Ireland aims to secure a common position among governments at a meeting of environment ministers on Dec. 11.
欧洲议会正在单独审议对欧盟委员会7月提案的修正案，该提案旨在全面改革排放交易体系。一旦立法者和成员国就各自的立场达成一致，即可开始就最终立法进行谈判。
The European Parliament is separately considering amendments to the commission’s July proposal to overhaul the emissions trading system. Once lawmakers and member states agree on their respective positions, they can begin negotiations on the final legislation.
排放交易体系于2005年推出，对约1万家工业设施（包括钢铁、水泥和化肥厂）设定逐步收紧的排放限额。该体系是欧盟力争到2040年将温室气体排放量较1990年水平削减90%、并在2050年实现气候中和的核心举措。
Introduced in 2005, the Emissions Trading System sets gradually shrinking emissions limits on about 10,000 industrial facilities, including steel, cement and fertilizer plants. The system is central to the EU’s effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 90% from 1990 levels by 2040 and reach climate neutrality by 2050.
2025年，欧盟经济范围内的净温室气体排放量比1990年低约39%。
In 2025, net greenhouse gas emissions across the EU economy were about 39% lower than in 1990.
中东冲突推高能源价格，加剧了对欧洲相对于中国和美国竞争力的担忧，欧盟面临来自各国政府和行业团体要求降低碳成本的越来越大压力。此次改革旨在降低向清洁能源转型的成本，同时鼓励企业继续投资减排。
The EU has faced mounting pressure from governments and industry groups to ease carbon costs after the Middle East conflict drove up energy prices, adding to concerns about Europe’s competitiveness with China and the US. The overhaul seeks to reduce the cost of the transition to cleaner energy while encouraging companies to continue investing in emissions reductions.
为弥合分歧，爱尔兰还提出了修改企业获得免费排放配额方式的建议。根据该方案，用于确定分配量的基准将以最清洁的10%生产水平为依据，而非表现最好的10%设施。基准也将每年更新一次，而非每五年更新一次。
To bridge the divisions, Ireland also proposed changes to how companies receive free emissions permits. Under the plan, the benchmarks used to determine allocations would be based on the cleanest 10% of production rather than the 10% of best-performing facilities. The benchmarks would also be updated annually instead of every five years.
该提案放宽了企业获得免费配额必须满足的部分条件，包括豁免部分最小型设施遵守某些要求。
The proposal eases some of the conditions companies must meet to qualify for free permits, including exempting some of the smallest facilities from certain requirements.
根据欧盟委员会7月的提案，企业在投资减排计划获批后，将分年度分期获得80%的免费配额。剩余20%将在投资完成并经核实实现大幅减排后发放。
Under the commission’s July proposal, companies would receive 80% of their free permits in annual installments after approval of plans to invest in cutting emissions. The remaining 20% would be released once the investments have been completed and verified to have delivered significant emissions reductions.