本周，经过被围困的霍尔木兹海峡的航运流量降至今年7月以来的最低水平，同时有报道称，船员们因穿越这一危险的海湾水道而获得了高额奖金。
As shipping traffic through the besieged Strait of Hormuz fell to its lowest level since July this week, reports have emerged that sailors are being paid large bonuses for making the dangerous trip through the Gulf waterway.
据英国《金融时报》报道，一些船长的基本工资高达10万美元——这是不同航运公司之间差异巨大的常规薪资上限——此外，每次穿越该海峡还能获得5万美元的奖金。
Some captains are earning base salaries of as much as $100,000 – the high end of usual salaries which vary greatly between shipping companies – plus a $50,000 bonus per voyage through the strait, the UK’s Financial Times has reported.
尽管霍尔木兹海峡内油轮持续遭到袭击，但中东的石油出口量在上月底仍超过了战前水平。然而，Kpler的航运数据显示，由于管道出口以及小型穿梭船进行高风险的船对船转运，约有40%的石油离开了该地区。以下是我们所了解的情况。石油出口是否成功通过了该海峡？
Oil exports from the Middle East rose above pre-war levels at the end of last month despite ongoing attacks on tankers in the Strait of Hormuz. But shipping data from Kpler shows that about 40 percent of those are leaving the region due to a combination of pipeline exports and small shuttle boats carrying out risky ship-to-ship transfers. Here’s what we know. Are oil exports getting through the strait?
是的。根据Kpler的航运数据，上个月至少有1650万桶石油离开了该地区，与战前平均水平相当，但这一数据不包括受到美国海军封锁的伊朗。
Yes. According to shipping data from Kpler, at least 16.5 million barrels left the region last month, matching the pre-war average, excluding Iran, which is under a naval blockade by the United States.
然而，其中约40%的石油是通过沙特阿拉伯的东-西管道，或由小型船只通过船对船转运的方式出口，这些船只会在未被发现的情况下穿越海峡。
However, about 40 percent of this is being exported via Saudi Arabia’s East-West pipeline or via ship-to-ship transfers by smaller boats travelling undetected through the strait.
Kpler周二报告称，可被探测到的通过该海峡的船只数量已降至两个多月以来的最低水平，上周仅有7艘船只通过了这条关键水道，为7月23日以来的最低纪录。
Kpler reported on Tuesday that the number of detectable vessels passing through the strait had fallen to its lowest level in more than two months, with only seven vessels passing through the crucial waterway in the previous week, the lowest figure since July 23.
由于许多小型穿梭船在穿越海峡前会关闭应答器以避免被探测到，然后再将石油卸载给在海峡另一侧等待的大型油轮，因此相关数据难以准确确定。船员在该海峡航行有多危险？
Data is hard to determine, as many smaller shuttle boats are turning off their transponders to avoid detection when travelling through the strait before offloading oil to larger tankers waiting beyond it. How dangerous is it for sailors in the strait?
非常危险。过去一周，霍尔木兹海峡内针对船只的袭击事件仍在持续。
Very. Attacks on vessels in the Strait of Hormuz have continued in the past week.
周三晚间，英国海事贸易行动组织（UKMTO）报告称，有多枚弹体击中了在卡塔尔北部海岸附近航行的一艘船只，造成多人伤亡。
On Wednesday night, the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) reported several casualties after multiple projectiles struck a vessel sailing off Qatar’s northern coast.
自二月底美国与以色列对伊朗发动战争以来，德黑兰几乎完全关闭了该海峡，仅允许少数船只获得通行许可。伊朗已对未经其明确许可而穿越海峡的船只发动袭击。
Following the start of the US-Israel war on Iran in late February, Tehran all but closed the strait, with limited vessels receiving clearance. Iran has launched strikes at ships making the crossing without its express permission.
美国方面则因德黑兰的封锁行动，对伊朗港口实施了海军封锁，并护送部分船只通过该水道。
The US, for its part, imposed a naval blockade on Iranian ports due to Tehran’s closure and has escorted some vessels through the waterway.
上周，该海峡内油轮遭袭事件达到战争爆发以来的最高水平，与此同时，地区石油生产商试图在船员和货物面临更高风险的情况下增加出口。
Last week, attacks on tankers in the strait hit their highest level since the war began as regional oil producers tried to increase exports at heightened risk for crew and cargo.
MST Marquee公司的能源主管索尔·卡沃尼克（Saul Kavonic）向路透社表示：“伊朗对船只的袭击频率目前已达到战争爆发以来的最高水平，且可能进一步加剧。”他还补充说，“产品流动受限、物流成本极高以及伊朗进一步升级冲突的可能性，都导致（石油）价格持续高位。”油价走势如何？
Saul Kavonic, energy head at MST Marquee, told the Reuters news agency: “The frequency of Iranian attacks on ships is now at the highest point since the war began, and likely to intensify further.”He added that “constrained product flows, extreme logistics costs and high likelihood of Iranian escalation are keeping [oil] prices elevated”.
周四上午油价上涨，截至格林尼治标准时间04:27，布伦特原油期货价格上涨2.28美元，涨幅为2.28%，达到每桶102.28美元。
What are oil prices doing?
美国西德克萨斯中间基原油期货价格上涨1.66美元，涨幅为1.88%，达到89.94美元。
prices rose on Thursday morning, with Brent crude futures increasing by $2.28, or 2.28 percent, to $102.28 a barrel by 04:27 GMT.
尽管沙特阿拉伯利用替代出口基础设施以及复杂的船对船转运系统，使石油出口在一定程度上有所恢复，但油价仍保持上涨。
US West Texas Intermediate crude futures gained $1.66, or 1.88 percent, to $89.94.
从沙特东部油田将石油输送至西部红海延布港的东-西管道在这一过程中发挥了关键作用。然而，该管道也曾受到威胁，并因伊朗支持组织的袭击而被迫多次关闭。船员穿越海峡能获得哪些激励？
This is despite oil exports recovering to some extent due to Saudi Arabia using alternative export infrastructure and due to the complex system of ship-to-ship transfers. East-West pipeline which carries oil from fields in Saudi Arabia’s east to the Yanbu port on the Red Sea in the west, has been crucial to this process. However, it has also come under threat and been forced to close at times due to strikes from Iran-backed groups.
《金融时报》本周报道称，为完成这一危险航行，油轮船长现在可获得10万美元的基本工资，外加每次航行5万美元的奖金。总体而言，每艘船上的船员都能获得平时四到六倍的薪资。
What incentives are sailors receiving for crossing the strait? The Financial Times reported this week that tanker captains can now command a base salary of $100,000, plus a $50,000 per-trip bonus, to make the dangerous transit.
周一，《华尔街日报》报道称，为通过船对船转运的方式将石油运出或运入霍尔木兹海峡，航运公司每完成一次往返需花费3000万至4000万美元。
Overall, the crew on board each ship can earn four to six times their normal salaries.
报道还指出，如今石油生产国不得不承担高昂成本才能将石油运出该航道，而船东及普通船员则获得了数十年来该行业中最丰厚的回报。许多愿意冒风险执行此类任务的船员来自印度、菲律宾和中国。
On Monday, The Wall Street Journal reported that shipping companies were spending between $30m and $40m for a single round trip to move oil in and out of Hormuz through ship-to-ship transfers. It added that oil producers now have to swallow high costs to get oil out of the waterway, with shipowners and individual sailors making some of the best returns the industry has seen in decades.
据《华尔街日报》采访的船员及招聘人员透露，山东的一家船舶劳务公司甚至为完成一次往返任务的船员提供高达2.5万美元的奖励。对于油轮船员及见习船员而言，这笔钱相当于一年以上的工资。船只如何穿越霍尔木兹海峡？
Many sailors willing to risk the trip are coming from India, the Philippines and China to do so. “One Shandong-based ship-staffing company is even offering as much as $25,000 for a round trip as reward, according to seafarers and recruitment s seen by The Wall Street Journal. For oilers and cadets [low-level crewmembers of a commercial ship] the $25,000 could represent more than a year of wages,” the outlet reported. How are ships navigating Hormuz?
与那些在遭受攻击威胁下仍往返于海峡的小型穿梭船类似，大型船只及油轮的船长们也必须关闭灯光与应答器才能完成航行。
As with the smaller shuttle boats that move in and out of the strait under threat of attack, captains on board larger ships and tankers must turn off their lights and transponders to make the journey.
据彭博社报道，一位参与穿梭运输任务的船长透露，他的船只经常在夜间运送石油，执行任务时须严格遵守指令：关闭所有灯光与电话，仅开启一台雷达。
According to Bloomberg, which spoke to a captain on a vessel that was part of the shuttle runs, his vessel, which frequently carries barrels at night, is given strict instructions: no lights, no phones, and only one radar on as they cross.
这位船长在结束为期三个月的海峡航行任务后回到菲律宾，他介绍称，自己和船员们以海岸线与灯塔作为参照来确定航向，并称这一过程“极具挑战性”。
Speaking from the Philippines, where he has arrived following a three-month stint taking vessels through the strait, he explained that he and his crew got their bearings by using the coast and lighthouses as a reference, adding that it is “quite challenging”.
他曾在一次航行中看到前方出现火光，随即联系了负责协助船只避开水雷的美国海军，以提醒他们可能遭遇攻击。
After seeing a fire ahead on one trip, the captain said he called the US Navy, which has been assisting ships on routes through the waterway to avoid mines, to warn them of an attack.
他补充说，由于他知道这次航行“并不轻松”，因此他最近一次穿越海峡的合同期限比平时要短，但他仍然获得了平时数倍的薪酬。
He added that his most recent contract through the strait was shorter than usual since he knew the voyage was “not easy”, but he still received several times his usual salary for the trip.
另一艘液化天然气运输船的船长告诉彭博社，他们的航行一开始就关闭了连接船舶定位应答器的断路器，以在沿阿曼海岸航行时隐藏行踪。船员们还用沙袋封锁了主甲板，以防无人机或导弹袭击。
Another captain of a Liquefied Natural Gas tanker told Bloomberg that his journey began by turning off the breaker that connects the ship’s location transponder to hide their whereabouts while they were travelling along the Omani coast. Crew members also barricade the main decks with sandbags in case drones or missiles attack them.
该报告还指出，航运高管估计，目前穿越海峡时遭到袭击的概率为五分之一。
The report added that shipping executives estimate a one-in-20 chance of being hit while crossing the strait at present.