巴西央行正筹备一套措施以遏制不断上升的家庭负债，其中包括对放贷机构实施更严格的信息披露要求，同时研究外国的监管模式，这些模式依据借款人的收入限制其获得无担保信贷。两名参与讨论的人士向路透社透露了这一消息。
Brazil's central bank is preparing a package of measures to curb rising household indebtedness, including stricter disclosure requirements for lenders, while studying foreign regulatory models that limit access to unsecured credit based on borrowers' income, two people involved in the discussions told Reuters.
此举反映出政策制定者对家庭债务水平和无担保贷款快速扩张的担忧日益加剧。央行此前已表示，计划推出措施加强对无担保信贷（包括信用卡贷款）的监管。
The move reflects growing concern among policymakers over household debt levels and the rapid expansion of unsecured lending. The central bank has already signaled it plans to unveil measures to tighten oversight of unsecured credit, including credit card lending.
据这些因讨论属于私下性质而要求匿名的人士称，相关措施预计将逐步推出，首套方案中不太可能包含提高资本要求的内容。央行拒绝置评。
According to the people familiar with the discussions, who spoke on condition of anonymity due to the private nature of deliberations, the measures are expected to be rolled out gradually, with any increase in capital requirements unlikely to feature in an initial package. The central bank declined to comment.
此次评估进行之际，家庭财务已成为巴西总统竞选的核心议题。在这个拉美最大经济体消费者负债创下纪录的背景下，总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦推出了一系列旨在提振消费者购买力的措施。
The review comes as household finances have become a central issue in Brazil's presidential campaign, with President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva rolling out measures aimed at boosting consumers' purchasing power amid record consumer indebtedness in Latin America's largest economy.
卢拉在首轮投票中出人意料地落后于右翼参议员弗拉维奥·博索纳罗，从而进入周日的第二轮决选。近期民调显示，博索纳罗略占优势，有望获胜。
Lula unexpectedly finished behind right-wing Senator Flavio Bolsonaro in the first round of voting, setting up a runoff on Sunday. Recent polls show Bolsonaro is narrowly favored to win.
尽管数字渠道拓宽了巴西的信贷获取途径并降低了借贷成本，但也使贷款能够比以往任何时候都更快地被营销、审批和发放，这引发了人们对负责任放贷实践的质疑。
While digital channels have broadened access to credit and lowered borrowing costs in Brazil, they have also made it easier for loans to be marketed, approved and disbursed faster than ever, raising questions about responsible lending practices.
正在考虑的一项提案将要求放贷机构在发放信贷前对借款人的财务状况进行更严格的评估。一位消息人士称，当局还在考虑更严格的信息披露规则，以便消费者在签订合同前获得更清晰、更易获取的贷款条款信息。
One proposal under consideration would require lenders to conduct more rigorous assessments of borrowers' financial circumstances before extending credit. Authorities are also considering stronger disclosure rules to give consumers clearer and more accessible information about loan terms beforeg contracts, said one source.
作为对国际经验进行审视的一部分，央行研究了多个司法管辖区采用的框架，其中包括新加坡——一位消息人士称其为成功范例。
As part of its review of international experience, the central bank has examined frameworks adopted in several jurisdictions, including Singapore, which one of the sources described as a successful example.
新加坡对低收入消费者的无担保借贷（包括信用卡债务）设有限制。
Singapore limits unsecured borrowing, including credit card debt, for lower-income consumers.
年收入最高约3万新加坡元（约合23,435美元）的个人，通常最多可持有相当于两个月收入的无担保债务；而对于年收入在3万至12万新加坡元之间的人，这一上限提高到四个月收入。
Individuals earning up to around 30,000 Singapore dollars ($23,435) a year can generally hold unsecured debt equivalent to up to two months of income, while the cap rises to four months of income for those earning between 30,000 and 120,000 Singapore dollars.
对高收入者则没有此类限制。该国还对获取某些信贷产品设有收入和资产相关要求。
No such limit applies to higher-income earners. The country also imposes income and asset-related requirements for access to certain credit products.
第二位消息人士表示，相关讨论以更发达信贷市场中广泛使用的两个概念为指导：可负担性和适当性。
A second source said the discussions had been guided by two concepts widely used in more developed credit markets: affordability and suitability.
在实践中，这意味着不仅要评估借款人能否在不给其财务状况造成过度压力的情况下合理偿还贷款，还要评估所提供的信贷产品是否适合其处境和需求。
In practice, that means assessing not only whether borrowers can reasonably service a loan without undue strain on their finances, but also whether the credit product being offered is appropriate for their circumstances and needs.