贝尔格莱德10月22日电——塞尔维亚活动人士马尔科·马里亚诺维奇正走在从贝尔格莱德超市回家的路上，蒙面警察将他塞进一辆汽车，带到一处警察局地下室，他在那里强光照射下被单独关押了两天。
BELGRADE, Oct 22 - Serbian activist Marko Marjanovic was on his way back from the supermarket in Belgrade when masked officers bundled him into a car and took him to a police station basement where he was held in solitary confinement for two days under bright lights.
马里亚诺维奇是一名广受欢迎的社交媒体评论员，也是塞尔维亚长期领导人亚历山大·武契奇的直言不讳的反对者。他说自己感到恐吓，而这并非第一次。在那之前的2025年8月，警察曾在反政府抗议活动中殴打马里亚诺维奇，他和他的律师将此形容为旨在让他噤声的打压行动的一部分。
Marjanovic, a popular social media commentator and vocal opponent of Serbia's long-time leader Aleksandar Vucic, said he was terrified, and it wasn't the first time. Days before that, in August 2025, police had beaten up Marjanovic during anti-government protests, part of what he and his lawyer describe as a campaign to silence him.
随着前总统武契奇寻求在10月25日的选举中竞选总理，以延续他长达12年的权力，对活动人士、学生抗议者和反对派政治人物的采访勾勒出这个巴尔干国家日益专制的图景：批评人士常规性地受到威胁、新闻自由正在萎缩、腐败不断滋生。
As former President Vucic seeks to extend his 12-year hold on power by running for prime minister in an October 25 election, interviews with activists, student protesters and opposition politicians paint an increasingly authoritarian picture of the Balkan country where critics are routinely threatened, press freedoms are waning and corruption is on the rise.
“多少腐败……多少对这里应该也必须具有价值的一切的摧毁。必须有人承担责任，”马里亚诺维奇说。他的帖子曾导致其社交媒体账号被长期封禁，其中一篇帖子曾包含时任议长、现任代理总统安娜·布尔纳比克的电话号码。
"How much corruption...how much destruction of everything that should and must be of value here. Someone has to be held accountable," said Marjanovic, who has experienced lengthy social media bans for his posts, one of which included the phone number of acting President Ana Brnabic, who was speaker of parliament at the time.
武契奇及其所在的塞尔维亚前进党多次否认有关镇压和腐败的指控。他的办公室和内政部没有回应本报道的置评请求。
Vucic and his Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) have repeatedly denied accusations of repression and corruption. His office and the Interior Ministry did not respond to requests for comment on this story.
随着抗议活动增多，新闻自由降至新低。武契奇正面临自掌权以来最大的政治挑战：由学生领导抗议运动在2024年诺维萨德火车站雨棚坍致16人死亡事件后蓬勃发展，目前正派出250名自己的候选人参加周日的选举。本周的一项民意调查显示，学生们的支持率与塞尔维亚前进党不相上下。
PRESS FREEDOM AT NEW LOW AS PROTESTS GROW Vucic is facing his biggest political challenge since coming to power: the student-led protest movement, which blossomed in the wake of the Novi Sad train station canopy collapse that killed 16 people in 2024, is now fielding 250 of its own candidates in Sunday's election. A poll this week put the students neck and neck with the SNS.
“自从社交媒体开始流行以来，民主派势力中从未有过如此严密的组织结构，”负责“实用政治中心”（Center for Practical Politics）的德拉甘·波波维奇（Dragan Popovic）博士说道。“武契奇（Vucic）面临的威胁越大，压力也就越大。”1990年代末，当当时的总统斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇（Slobodan Milosevic）试图压制那些批评塞尔维亚在科索沃战争以及随后与北约发生冲突的人时，波波维奇曾担任信息部长；2008年，他脱离了极端民族主义的塞尔维亚激进党（Serbian Radical Party），并表示希望自己的国家能够加入欧盟。
"For as long as the SNS have been in power, there has never been such good organisation on that pro-democratic side of society," said Dragan Popovic, who heads the Center for Practical Politics. "The more (Vucic) is threatened, the more the pressure increases." After serving as information minister in the late 1990s when then-President Slobodan Milosevic sought to silence critics of Serbia's war in Kosovo and subsequent clashes with NATO, Vucic broke with the ultra-nationalist Serbian Radical Party in 2008 and now says that he wants the country to join the European Union.
然而，塞尔维亚在人权和新闻自由方面的表现却每况愈下。根据“无国界记者组织”（Reporters Without Borders, RSF）编制的2026年世界新闻自由指数，塞尔维亚在180个国家中排名第104位，创下历史新低，也是欧盟-巴尔干地区表现最差的国家。在“透明国际”（Transparency International）发布的2025年腐败感知指数中，塞尔维亚的得分也是二十年来的最低水平。
But Serbia's credentials have slipped. The 2026 World Press Freedom Index compiled by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) ranked Serbia 104th out of 180 countries, the lowest ever, and also the worst in the EU-Balkan region. In Transparency International's 2025 Corruption Perceptions Index, Serbia's score was the lowest in two decades.
据“无国界记者组织”称，有六名塞尔维亚记者（其中四人今年选择了流亡）因面临政治迫害而被迫离开本国。来自非政府媒体组织“斯拉夫科·库鲁维贾基金会”（Slavko Curuvija Foundation）的数据表明，武契奇在今年的前九个月内至少182次公开攻击过记者和媒体机构。武契奇否认自己曾威胁过媒体，并声称自己从未关闭过任何新闻机构。
According to RSF, six Serbian journalists - including four who fled this year - are in exile because of threats to their security motivated by political attacks. Data from the Slavko Curuvija Foundation, a non-governmental media organisation, says that Vucic verbally attacked journalists and media outlets at least 182 times in the first nine months of this year. Vucic has denied intimidating the media and says he has not shut down any news organisations.
不过，资深记者们表示情况正在恶化。维兰·马蒂奇（Veran Matic）负责维护记者的安全工作；今年6月，一名年轻人在他拍摄抗议活动时袭击了他并抢走了他的手机，他在街上还遭到了侮辱。马蒂奇将这种暴力行为归咎于武契奇——因为武契奇曾公开批评过他。路透社无法证实这一说法，而武契奇的办公室也没有对此事作出任何回应。
But veteran reporters say things are getting worse. Veran Matic runs a commission for the safety of journalists. In June, a young man attacked him and took his phone when he filmed a protest, and he was insulted on the streets. He blames the violence on Vucic, who has publicly singled out Matic for criticism. Reuters could not verify the assertion and Vucic's office did not respond to a question on the matter.
“几乎每天、每周都发生针对记者的攻击事件，不仅针对我，也针对许多其他记者，”马蒂奇对路透社表示。
"There is almost no day, almost no week, without attacks occurring, not only against me, but against many journalists," Matic told Reuters.
网络攻击与间谍软件 监督组织称，学生运动成员及其他知名的武契奇对手也成为了网络攻击的受害者。数字权利组织 SHARE 基金会于 9 月表示，有 14 人遭到先进间谍软件的定向攻击。
CYBERATTACKS AND SPYWARE Members of the student movement and other high-profile Vucic adversaries have also been the victims of cyberattacks, watchdogs say. Digital rights group SHARE Foundation said in September that 14 people had been targeted with advanced spyware.
一直参与旨在推翻武契奇的全国抗议运动的耶莱娜·孔蒂奇表示，她于 3 月收到苹果公司发来的信息，称“飞马”间谍软件工具可能已被安装在她的手机上。她补充说，后来包括加拿大网络监督组织“公民实验室”在内的取证测试证实了这一点。
Jelena Kontic, who has been part of the nationwide protest movement to oust Vucic, said she received a message from Apple in March saying that the Pegasus spyware tool may have been installed on her phone. Later forensic tests, including by Canadian cyber watchdog group Citizen Lab, confirmed this, she added.
“他们能接触到你的整个生活，”孔蒂奇说，“他们知道我什么时候锻炼、什么时候睡觉、什么时候吃饭、什么时候喝水、喝多少水、吃什么。”塞尔维亚安全情报局称关于国家介入的指控是“琐碎的耸人听闻”，布尔纳比奇当时表示，学生“绝对没有”被监视。内政部官员也驳回了网络间谍活动的指控。
"They had access to your entire life," Kontic said. "They knew when I have a workout, when I sleep, when I eat, when I drink water, how much water I drink, what I eat." Serbia's Security Information Agency called claims of state involvement "trivial sensationalism" and Brnabic said at the time that the students had "absolutely not" been spied on. Interior Ministry officials have also dismissed allegations of cyberespionage.
不过，孔蒂奇并非孤例。根据其中一名男子的说法以及“公民实验室”周一发布的一份报告，两名塞尔维亚反对派人士最近遭到强大网络间谍工具的定向攻击。
Kontic is not alone, though. Two Serbian opposition figures were recently targeted with powerful cyberespionage tools, according to one of the men and a report issued on Monday by Citizen Lab.
路透社无法确定是谁对这些涉嫌感染负责。“飞马”间谍软件的制造商、以色列 NSO 集团表示，其仅向政府出售该软件。
Reuters could not determine who was responsible for the alleged infections. Israel's NSO Group, the maker of Pegasus, has said it only sells to governments.
安全威胁在街头表现得最为明显，抗议者称警察经常对和平示威使用武力。
Nowhere is the threat to safety more apparent than on the streets, where protesters say police have often used force against peaceful demonstrations.
26 岁的建筑师杜尚·拉多维奇去年 8 月在瓦列沃镇帮助一名跌倒者时，警察冲向抗议人群，身穿防暴装备的警官开始用警棍殴打他。
Dusan Radovic, a 26-year-old architect, was helping someone who had fallen over as police rushed a crowd of protesters in the town of Valjevo in August last year when officers in riot gear began striking him with batons.
“十几个警察围住我，踢我、吐唾沫在我身上，一度有一人踩我的头。他们把我拉起来，然后继续殴打，我又摔倒了，”拉多维奇告诉路透社。
"Ten of them surrounded me, they kicked me, spit on me, at one point one stepped on my head. They put me up and then continued hitting so I fell down," Radovic told Reuters.
路透社核实的一段视频记录下了这场殴打。两个月后，他才能不跛行地行走。
A video verified by Reuters captures the beating. It was two months before he could walk without limping.
据法医专家德尔杰·阿莱皮耶维奇博士的一份独立报告，拉多维奇是当晚遭到严重殴打的25人之一，其中包括一些未成年人。
Radovic was among 25 people, some of them minors, who were badly beaten that night, according to an independent report by forensic specialist Dr. Djordje Alempijevic.
报告称：“伤害并非孤立事件或必要的警察自卫所致，而是显示出一种清晰、有组织且系统性的惩罚性警察暴力和酷刑模式。”内政部未回应关于瓦列沃抗议活动及该报告的提问。
"Injuries are not the result of isolated incidents or necessary police self-defence, but demonstrate a clear, organised and systemic pattern of punitive police brutality and torture," the report said. The Interior Ministry did not respond to a question on the Valjevo protest and the report.
拉多维奇告诉路透社：“我的第一反应是愤怒，对那些能做出如此残忍之事的人感到愤怒。但随后我意识到，在这之后我不能退缩。我必须为正义和真理而战。”路透社
"My first reaction was anger, anger at those people capable of such cruelty," Radovic told Reuters. "But then I realised I cannot withdraw after this. I have to fight for justice and truth." REUTERS