埃洛娜·埃莱齐 2026年10月22日 随着警方试图镇压年轻阿尔巴尼亚人的反腐败抗议，总理埃迪·拉马声称“反法西斯主义者”在背后操纵骚乱。鲜有人买账这种解释。
Elona Elezi October 22, 2026 As police try to suppress anti-corruption protests by young Albanians, Prime Minister Edi Rama is claiming that "antifa" is behind the unrest. Few are buying that explanation.
针对阿尔巴尼亚抗议活动的回应日趋暴力 10月13日抗议活动的余波依然清晰可见，当时地拉那大学的学生和教职员工周二聚集在阿尔巴尼亚首都的教育部外，表达他们持续的不满。破碎的窗户尚未更换；墙壁上仍因抗议期间发生的火灾而留下黑色的烟灰。
The response to Albania's protests has turned increasingly violent The fallout from the October 13 protests was still visible when students and faculty from the University of Tirana gathered outside the Education Ministry in Albania's capital on Tuesday to express their continued discontent. Smashed windows have yet to be replaced; the walls are still black with soot from fires that broke out during the protests.
阿尔巴尼亚已持续近五个月的和平反政府抗议，最初是因计划公开：美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的女婿贾里德·库什纳——及其合伙人打算在一处自然保护区内建设豪华酒店综合体。
Albania has seen nearly five months of peaceful anti-government protests, sparked initially when plans were made public that Jared Kushner — a son-in-law of US President Donald Trump— and associates intended to build a luxury hotel complex within a nature reserve.
此后，反政府和反腐败抗议不断升级。如今，大学生和高中生几乎每天都与警方发生冲突，迄今最激烈的冲突发生在上周。
Since then, anti-government and anti-corruption protests have escalated. Now, college and high school students clash with police forces almost daily, with the fiercest clashes so far occurring last week.
为何阿尔巴尼亚政治危机加深 观看此视频 ，抗议者谴责腐败、大学管理不善以及阿尔巴尼亚教育成本上涨——并要求自2013年上任以来的总理埃迪·拉马辞职。
Why Albania's political crisis is deepening To view this video , and Protesters denounce corruption, mismanaged universities and the rising cost of education in Albania — and call for the resignation Prime Minister Edi Rama who has been in office since 2013.
一名女子身穿黑色连帽夹克，用围巾遮住面部以隐藏身份，她因担心接受媒体采访会遭报复，请求化名“萨拉”。她告诉德国之声，抗议者“通过短信沟通——这是唯一的方式。”当部分抗议者开始向教育部投掷石块时，她中断了采访。警方推开示威者和记者，使用水炮驱散人群。
Wearing a black hooded jacket and a scarf across her face to conceal her identity, a woman who asked to be called Sara because she fears repercussions for speaking to the press told DW that protesters "communicate via text messages — that's the only way." She cut the interview short as some protesters began flinging stones at the Education Ministry. Police pushed demonstrators and journalists out of the way, using water cannons to disperse the crowd.
“社交媒体是当今最重要的公共空间——比实体空间更重要，”阿尔巴尼亚知名网络安全倡导者贝斯米尔·塞马纳伊对德国之声表示。“年轻的阿尔巴尼亚人不再通过政党、协会或公开呼吁等传统结构进行组织。相反，他们在自己度过大部分日常生活的地方进行自我组织：在手机上。”
"Social media is the most important public space today — more so than physical spaces," Besmir Semanaj, a prominent Albanian cybersecurity advocate told DW. "Young Albanians no longer organize through traditional structures such as political parties, associations or public appeals. Instead, they organize themselves where they spend much of their daily lives: on their cellphones."
塞马纳伊说：“最重要的沟通渠道包括Instagram、按学年、系别和宿舍划分的WhatsApp群组、用于发布通用公告的Telegram频道，以及用于分享视频的TikTok。”他补充说，特别关注安全的人使用Signal通讯应用。
"The most important communication channels include Instagram, WhatsApp groups for academic-year cohorts, departments and dormitories, Telegram channels for general announcements, and TikTok for sharing videos," Semanaj said. He added that people who are especially concerned with security use the Signal messaging app.
塞马纳伊说：“这是一种水平组织结构，没有个人‘领袖’，也没有中央指挥结构。”“这正是政府难以理解和控制局势的原因。”
"This is a horizontal organizational structure, without individual 'leaders' and without a central command structure," Semanaj said. "That is exactly why the government is having such a hard time understanding and controlling the situation."
塞马纳伊说，Telegram通讯应用对抗议者被证明特别有用。“Telegram频道能让你一次触达数万人，”他说。“通知在几秒钟内发出，外部控制比在传统平台上更难建立。”反腐败抗议者“萨拉”说，沟通在网上进行 拉马：“混合战争”拉马将青年起义称为“混合战争”。他说，抗议者以为他们能“通过TikTok让阿尔巴尼亚变得更好，甚至连七个以上连贯的词都串不起来”。
Semanaj said the Telegram messenger app had proven particularly useful for protesters. "Telegram channels allow you to reach tens of thousands of people at once," he said. "Notifications are sent out within seconds, and external control is more difficult to establish than on traditional platforms." Anti-corruption protester "Sara" says communication occurs online Rama: 'Hybrid war' Rama has called the youth uprising a "hybrid war." He said protesters thought they could "make Albania a better country through TikTok and without even being able to string together more than seven coherent words."
他说，虽然并非所有人都是恐怖分子，但他认为“他们是某种心态、一种新意识形态的俘虏，这种意识形态只有一个目标：破坏，颠覆一切，将一切夷为平地。”在近五个月的时间里，拉马指责各种“真正的”幕后主谋组织反政府和反腐败抗议。他指控希腊、俄罗斯和伊朗政府在煽动异见。
Though not all are terrorists, he said, he believes that "they are hostages to a certain mindset, a new ideology that has only one goal: to destroy, to turn everything upside down, to raze everything to the ground." Over nearly five months, Rama has accused various "true" masterminds of organizing the anti-government and anti-corruption protests. He has alleged that the governments of Greece, Russia and Iran are stirring up dissent.
最近，拉马声称是“安提法”——即一个去中心化的全球反法西斯运动——在阿尔巴尼亚煽动了反政府和反腐败情绪。“这些是被激进化、被意识形态灌输的年轻人，他们在一个新的、黑暗的势力的压力或影响下行动，这一势力已在欧洲和美国出现，美国总统已将其指定为恐怖组织：安提法，”拉马宣称。
Most recently, Rama said it was " antifa " — or a decentralized movement of global antifascists — that had stoked anti-government and anti-corruption sentiments in Albania. "These are young people who have been radicalized and ideologically indoctrinated and who are acting under the pressure or influence of a new, dark force that has emerged in Europe and the United States, a force that the President of the United States has designated as a terrorist organization: Antifa," Rama claimed.
一名抗议者将警方向学生发射的一枚催泪弹扔了回去。专注于暴力预防和冲突解决的安全事务研究员雷迪翁·奇尔亚齐对德国之声表示，拉马的说法不大可能属实。“这是一个严重的指控——需要同样令人信服的证据，”奇尔亚齐说。“迄今为止，没有任何可核实的证据被提出，以证明阿尔巴尼亚存在有组织的安提法结构，更不用说其参与协调抗议活动了。”
A protester hurls back a tear gas canister fired at students by police Redion Qirjazi, a security affairs researcher who focuses on violence prevention and conflict resolution, told DW that Rama's claim was not likely to prove true. "That is a serious accusation — one that requires equally compelling evidence," Qirjazi said. "To date, no verifiable evidence has been presented to prove the existence of an organized Antifa structure in Albania, let alone its involvement in coordinating the protests."
奇尔亚齐表示，拉马援引特朗普将安提法称为恐怖组织一事存在问题。“安提法不是一个拥有中央集权结构或领导层的统一国际组织，”他说，“而更多是一个统称，指代各种运动和团体，它们的共同点在于其核心都是反法西斯的。”
Qirjazi said Rama's reference to Trump's calling antifa a terror group was problematic. "Antifa is not a unified international organization with a centralized structure or leadership," he said, "but rather an umbrella term for various movements and groups united by the fact that they are, at their core, anti-fascist."
萨拉表示，她拒绝拉马试图强加给她和同伴抗议者的“恐怖分子”标签。“确实有一些团体愿意使用暴力——这是事实——但我与他们毫无瓜葛，”她说。“我一看到暴力就离开；我反对暴力。”拉马是在转移视线吗？
Sara said she rejected the "terrorist" label that Rama had attempted to slap on her and her fellow protesters. "There are groups that are willing to use violence — that's true — but I have nothing to do with them," she said. "As soon as I see violence, I walk away; I'm against it." Is Rama deflecting?
“共同运动”主席阿尔林德·乔里表示，年轻人走上街头是出于对现状的不满，而非任何特定意识形态。“共同运动”是一个仅在阿尔巴尼亚议会拥有一个席位的社会民主党派反对党。乔里说：“年轻的阿尔巴尼亚人对当前的社会经济状况感到愤慨：贫困、许多父母因无法养家糊口而移民、教育系统衰退、毕业后缺乏前景。”他补充说，学生们的核心诉求是拉马辞职，“而不是社会主义革命。”
Arlind Qori, the chairman of the Together Movement, a social-democratic opposition party with just one seat in Albania's parliament, said youths had taken to the streets out of dissatisfaction with the status quo rather than any particular ideology. "Young Albanians are outraged by the current socioeconomic conditions: the poverty, the fact that many of their parents have emigrated because they couldn't support their families, the decline of the education system, the lack of postgraduation prospects," Qori said. The students' central demand is for Rama to resign, he added "not a socialist revolution."
乔里表示，抗议者提出的是合理诉求。“人们并没有提出任何激进要求，”乔里说。“他们只是希望一位腐败的政府首脑辞职——这是一个根本且温和的诉求。但埃迪·拉马继续以警力暴力和傲慢态度回应这一诉求。”
Arlind Qori says the protesters are voicing legitimate demands "People aren't demanding anything radical," Qori said. "They merely want a corrupt head of government to resign — that's a fundamental and moderate demand. But Edi Rama continues to meet this demand with police violence and arrogance."
奇尔亚齐说，拉马关于外国干涉的指控可能是一种策略。“当政府面临抗议和公众不满时，将示威者与极端主义和外国势力挂钩，可能旨在将关注点从实际原因转移开，引向国家安全叙事，”他说。
Qirjazi said Rama's allegations of foreign interference could be a strategy. "When a government faces protests and public discontent, linking demonstrators to extremism and foreign influence may serve to divert attention away from the actual causes and toward a national security narrative," he said.
“这可以服务于多个政治目的：使抗议者失去合法性，削弱他们在公众中的支持，并以维护法治秩序之名为更严厉的镇压提供理由，”奇尔亚齐说。
"This can serve several political purposes: to delegitimize the protesters, to weaken their support among the public, and to justify a tougher crackdown in the name of law and order," Qirjazi said.
塞马纳伊说，这是政府驳回异见的常见模式。“抗议被描绘成暴力行为，”他说。“年轻人被塑造成被操纵者，而他们合理的关切——大学条件、学费、腐败和缺乏前景——从新闻议程中消失了。”本文译自德语。
Semanaj said this was a common pattern in governments' efforts to dismiss dissent. "Protests are portrayed as acts of violence," he said. "Young people are cast as manipulated, and their legitimate concerns — conditions at universities, tuition fees, corruption and a lack of prospects — vanish from the news agenda." This article was translated from German.