周六，随着一场大规模游行接近尾声，巴黎爆发冲突，全法有超过40万人走上街头，抗议学校经费短缺和生活成本飙升，这对总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙的政府构成了新的挑战。
Clashes erupted in Paris as a mass march drew to a close Saturday, with more than 400,000 people rallying across France over school funding and soaring living costs in a fresh challenge to President Emmanuel Macron’s government.
巴黎游行起初进行得很平静，一周前，全国各地的抗议活动曾演变成大规模骚乱和抢劫。在靠近文森城门终点附近，部分示威者投掷杂物，警方随即发射数轮催泪弹并使用水炮驱散人群。
The Paris march began peacefully, a week after widespread rioting and looting during protests across the country. Near its endpoint at Porte de Vincennes, some protesters threw projectiles while police fired volleys of tear gas and used water cannons to disperse people.
内政部统计全国参与人数为41万，而总工会（CGT）估计接近80万。内政部的数据包括巴黎11万人，当局曾将游行路线限制在巴黎东南边缘，远离市中心。
The Interior Ministry put nationwide turnout at 410,000, while the CGT union estimated nearly 800,000. The ministry’s estimate included 110,000 in Paris, where authorities had confined the march to the city’s southeastern edge, away from the center.
法国媒体报道，法国其他城市中，警方在里昂、克莱蒙费朗和斯特拉斯堡使用了催泪弹，在尼斯和南特使用了水炮。在马赛，警方在游行终点附近与几十人发生冲突时发射了催泪弹。
Elsewhere in France, police used tear gas in Lyon, Clermont-Ferrand and Strasbourg and water cannons in Nice and Nantes, French media reported. In Marseille, officers fired tear gas during clashes with several dozen people near the march’s endpoint.
巴黎检察官办公室表示，有64人因周六的示威活动被捕，其中40人被置于警方拘留。被捕者包括6名未成年人。检察官办公室称，大多数逮捕涉嫌持有武器或参与筹备暴力、破坏财产的团伙。
The Paris prosecutor’s office said 64 people had been arrested in connection with Saturday’s demonstration and 40 placed in police custody. Those arrested included six minors. Most arrests concerned suspected weapons offenses or participation in a group preparing violence or property damage, the office said.
这场动荡正在考验马克龙在其总统任期最后几个月的权威，届时选民将于5月选出他的继任者。赌注很高：极右翼国民联盟指责政府未能保护民众，并敦促民众将愤怒转化为投给他们的选票。
The unrest is testing Macron's authority in the final months of his presidency before voters choose his successor in May. The stakes are high: the far-right National Rally has accused his government of failing to protect the public and urged people to channel their anger into votes for them.
内政部长洛朗·努涅斯曾宣布全国部署多达7万名警力，并由直升机、装甲车和水炮提供支援。
Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez had announced a nationwide deployment of up to 70,000 officers, backed by helicopters, armored vehicles and water cannons.
工会组织走在游行队伍最前端，随后是身穿雨衣、手持旗帜和手绘标语牌的示威者。
Trade unions led the procession, followed by protesters in raincoats carrying flags and handmade placards.
27岁的卡米尔·切斯尼耶表示，尽管拥有工程学位和硕士学位，她却一直找不到工作。
Camille Chesnier, 27, said she had been unable to find work despite having an engineering degree and a master’s degree.
上个月，巴黎东南部一所高中因教师短缺引发的抗议活动已蔓延至全国，吸引了要求改善学校条件的学生和争取更高工资与养老金的工人参与。
What began last month as a protest over staff shortages at one high school southeast of Paris has spread nationwide, drawing students demanding better schools and workers seeking higher wages and pensions.
在巴黎，46岁的教师贝内迪克特·皮蒂永在绵绵细雨中与16岁的女儿加朗斯一同游行，后者是一名高中生。两人从一开始就支持这场运动，但这是她们首次共同参加抗议。
In Paris, Bénédicte Pittion, a 46-year-old teacher, marched through steady rain with her 16-year-old daughter, Garance, a high school student. Both had supported the movement from the start, but this was their first protest together.
根据教育部数据，2024-25学年，公立初中和高中因缺勤教师未获替补而损失了1540万个教学课时，占计划教学时间的7.5%。
Public middle and high schools lost 15.4 million teaching hours in the 2024-25 school year because absent teachers were not replaced, according to Education Ministry figures. That amounted to 7.5% of scheduled teaching time.
马克龙周五会见了高中生代表。代表们称，马克龙承诺改革大学招生制度，但呼吁抗议持续进行，直到宣布具体措施。
Macron met high school representatives Friday. They said he had promised to overhaul university admissions, but called for protests to continue until concrete measures are announced.
“黄马甲”抗议运动的组织者呼吁于10月31日举行另一天集会，以捍卫示威权利。
Organizers from the “yellow vest” protest movement called for another day of rallies Oct. 31 to defend the right to demonstrate.
身穿红色CGT工会背心的58岁护士苏马娅·阿贝德表示，她参加抗议已超过30年，但从未见过抗议从首都郊区的意大利门发起。
Soumaya Abed, a 58-year-old nurse wearing a red CGT union vest, said she had been joining protests for more than 30 years, but had never seen one start at Porte d’Italie, on the capital's outskirts.
“他们利用上周发生的事情作为借口来平息抗议者，”她说，“但这不会阻止这场运动。这也不会阻止学生要求改善学校条件。”在马赛，警方统计参会人数为1.7万，而CGT工会估计为10万。在西南部城市图卢兹，据当局统计，有2.65万人参加抗议。当局已禁止包括里昂、尼斯和蒙彼利埃在内的多个城市举行集会。工会批评这些禁令，称其侵犯了宪法保护的言论自由。
“They are using what happened last week as an excuse to quiet protesters,” she said. “But it won’t stop the movement. It won’t stop students from demanding better conditions in schools.”In Marseille, police put attendance at 17,000, while the CGT union estimated 100,000. In the southwestern city of Toulouse, 26,500 people joined the protests, according to authorities. Authorities had banned rallies in cities including Lyon, Nice and Montpellier. Trade unions have criticized the bans, calling them violations of freedom of expression, which is protected by the constitution.
周六，数千人还在巴黎以南的奥尔良游行，举行另一场和平抗议，反对极右翼，当时玛丽娜·勒庞的国民联盟正在该市举行为期两天的代表大会。
Thousands also marched Saturday in Orléans, south of Paris, in a separate peaceful protest against the far right as Marine Le Pen’s National Rally held a two-day congress in the city.
作为一名中间派，马克龙在任期即将结束之际陷入危机，其支持率降至2017年上任以来的最低点。他表示，这些措施是保护市中心、企业和公共建筑所必需的。
Macron, a centrist, has entered the crisis in the final stretches of his term with his popularity at its lowest since he took office in 2017. He has said that the measures are needed to protect city centers, businesses and public buildings.
努涅斯周一承认，在上周末的骚乱期间，警方在一些城市失去了控制，当时有超过50万人走上街头，法国各地约3000家商店在多年来未见的街头暴力中遭到破坏或洗劫。他提出辞职，但马克龙拒绝了这一提议。
Nuñez acknowledged Monday that police had lost control in some cities during last weekend’s unrest, when more than half a million people took to the streets and some 3,000 shops across France were damaged or looted amid street violence not seen in years. He offered to resign, but Macron refused the offer.
周六，宪兵在凯旋门下站岗放哨，巴黎各地的店主用木板封住了店面。在圣拉扎尔火车站附近，34岁的承包商阿克拉姆·艾哈迈德周六正在为一家眼镜店封窗。
Gendarmes stood guard Saturday beneath the Arc de Triomphe and shopkeepers boarded up storefronts across Paris. Near the Saint-Lazare train station Saturday, Akram Ahmed, a 34-year-old contractor, was boarding up an optician’s shop.
“昨晚我接到电话，”他说，“店主看起来绝望极了。他说我是在救他的命。”包括卢浮宫、奥赛博物馆、毕加索博物馆和大皇宫在内的主要博物馆周六关闭——大皇宫正在举办一场大型塞尚展览。
“I got the call last night,” he said. “The owner seemed desperate. He said I was saving his life.”Major museums, including the Louvre, Orsay Museum, Picasso Museum and Grand Palais — where a major Cézanne exhibit is on display — were shuttered Saturday.
世界最负盛名的当代艺术博览会之一巴塞尔艺术展周五向公众开放，但仅开放一天，由于骚乱威胁，主办方取消了周末的活动。
Art Basel, one of the world’s most prestigious contemporary art fairs, opened to the public Friday, but only for the day, with the threat of unrest prompting organizers to cancel the weekend program.
学生团体要求增加25万个高等教育名额，并终止通过“Parcoursup”（全国招生系统）进行的选拔。
Student groups want 250,000 more places in higher education and an end to selection through Parcoursup, the national admissions system.
他们共同提出的10点计划还呼吁增加教师，并修缮中小学和大学。
Their joint 10-point plan also calls for more teachers and repairs to schools and universities.
他们还寻求日常开支方面的帮助：学生助学金每月增加200欧元（约合224美元），以及冻结公共学生宿舍租金。
They are also seeking help with everyday costs: an extra 200 euros ($224) a month in student grants and a rent freeze in public student housing.
据国家统计局INSEE称，9月法国能源价格比去年同期上涨21.3%，推动总体通胀率达到3.1%。巴黎抗议者路易·勒杜-克萨塔尔表达了对不平等的不满。
Energy prices in France were 21.3% higher in September than a year earlier, helping drive overall inflation to 3.1%, according to the national statistics agency, INSEE. Paris protester Louis Ledoux--Xatard voiced frustration over inequality.
“看看美国这样的国家，我们不想变成那样，那里一部分人拥有一切，而其他人一无所有，”他说。“我从未想过，在三十岁之前我会这么多次走上街头。”
“Looking at countries like the United States, we don’t want to end up like them, where part of the population has everything and the others have nothing,” he said. “I never imagined that I’d be taking to the streets so much before my thirties.”
美联社记者汤姆·努维昂、萨缪尔·佩特雷坎和西尔维·科尔贝在巴黎供稿
Associated Press writers Tom Nouvian, Samuel Petrequin and Sylvie Corbet in Paris contributed