11月3日的美国中期选举可能受到唐纳德·特朗普总统创纪录的低支持率、选民对生活成本的不满以及政府激烈的移民打击行动的影响，这将可能决定共和党能否保持对国会的控制权，还是民主党能获得权力来制衡特朗普。
The November 3 US midterm elections are potentially shaped by President Donald Trump’s record-low popularity, voter frustration over the cost of living, and a fierce immigration crackdown by the administration, which will potentially determine whether Republicans can keep control of Congress or Democrats can gain power to challenge Trump.
美国中期选举的结果将决定谁能塑造移民政策的未来，其中包括收紧H-1B签证规则、职业移民绿卡以及驱逐出境政策。共和党目前在众议院和参议院均占多数，而民主党需要在每个议院净增四个席位才能夺取控制权。
The outcome of US midterms would determine who will be able to shape the future of immigration policy, which includes tightening of H-1B visa rules, employment-based green cards, and deportations. Republicans currently hold a majority in the House of Representatives and Senate, while Democrats need a net gain of four seats to take control in each chamber.
美国中期选举可能塑造H-1B签证与绿卡的未来此次选举之际，特朗普政府已收紧了管辖外籍工人许可的H-1B签证及其他移民规则。本月初，美国政府宣布暂停微软、Adobe、Cognizant、Infosys、塔塔咨询服务公司（TCS）及其他主要IT外包公司和软件制造商参与一项名为PERM（永久劳工认证）的关键绿卡项目。
US midterms could shape future of H-1B visas, green cards The election comes as the Trump administration has tightened H-1B visa and other immigration rules governing foreign workers’ permits. Earlier this month, the US government announced it would suspend Microsoft, Adobe, Cognizant, Infosys, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), and other major IT outsourcing companies and software makers from a key green-card programme known as the PERM (permanent labor certification) process.
2026年美国中期选举：为何国会对H-1B签证至关重要谁控制众议院和参议院，决定了哪些移民法案能够推进、被重写或搁置。11月3日 选举日435 个众议院席位参选53–47 参议院现状；共和党也控制众议院投票后，如果国会是……点击情景，查看白宫支持的移民法案在各环节的命运。
US midterms 2026 Why Congress matters for H-1B visas Who controls the House and Senate decides which immigration bills move, get rewritten or stall. Nov 3Election day 435House seats on the ballot 53–47Senate now; Republicans also hold the House After the vote, what if Congress is…Tap a scenario to see how a White House-backed immigration bill fares at each step.
可能推进 有争议 可被阻挠 1 法案提出 众议院或参议院 任何议员均可提交法案。大多数法案止步于此阶段。
Likely to moveContestedCan be blocked 1Bill is introducedHouse or SenateAny member can file a bill. Most never get past this stage.
可能推进 对所有人开放2 委员会审议 司法委员会 移民法案提交司法委员会。多数党担任主席，决定哪些法案获得听证和表决。
LIKELY TO MOVEOpen to all 2CommitteeJudiciary CommitteesImmigration bills go to the Judiciary panels. The majority party chairs them and decides which bills get hearings and votes.
可能推进 委员会由盟友掌控 存在争议 各院维护自身议程 可能被阻挠 反对党制定议程 3众议院全院表决 简单多数 议长决定何时提交全院表决。法案需获得参与表决议员的多数票。
LIKELY TO MOVEAllies chair committees CONTESTEDEach chamber guards its own agenda CAN BE BLOCKEDOpposition sets the agenda 3House floor voteSimple majorityThe Speaker decides what reaches the floor. A bill needs a majority of members voting.
可能推进 议长安排表决 存在争议 取决于谁控制众议院 可能被阻挠 可被拒之门外 4参议院全院表决 60票终结辩论 大多数法案需要60票击败阻挠议事，因此通常需要另一党的部分支持。
LIKELY TO MOVESpeaker schedules it CONTESTEDDepends who holds the House CAN BE BLOCKEDCan be kept off the floor 4Senate floor vote60 votes to end debateMost bills need 60 votes to beat a filibuster, so some support from the other party is usually needed.
存在争议 仍需60票 5两院达成一致 文本完全一致 众参两院必须通过措辞完全相同的版本。任何修正都会将法案退回重新表决。
CONTESTEDStill needs 60 votes 5Both chambers agreeIdentical textHouse and Senate must pass the same wording. Any amendment sends the bill back for another vote.
可能推进 盟友化解分歧 可能被阻挠 一方可阻挠或重写 可能被阻挠 不大可能走到这一步 6总统行动 签署或否决 总统签署使其成为法律或予以否决。两院各以三分之二多数可推翻否决。
LIKELY TO MOVEAllies settle differences CAN BE BLOCKEDOne chamber can block or rewrite CAN BE BLOCKEDUnlikely to get this far 6President actsSign or vetoThe president signs it into law or vetoes it. Two-thirds of both chambers can override a veto.
可能推进 可能签署 可能推进 只要送达即签署 可能被阻挠 否决；推翻需三分之二 成为法律 请记住：法案只有在众参两院以完全相同形式通过并经总统签署，或否决被推翻后，才成为法律。提出的法案仅是提案。凡在本届国会于2027年1月结束前未获通过的法案均告失效，必须重新提出。参议院法案：H-1B 与 L-1 签证改革法案迪克·德宾和查克·格拉斯利联合提出的两党法案，于 2025 年 9 月 30 日重新提交：更严格的工资与招聘规则，优先考虑拥有更高学位的 STEM（科学、技术、工程、数学）工人。
LIKELY TO MOVELikely to sign LIKELY TO MOVESigns if it reaches him CAN BE BLOCKEDVeto; override needs two-thirds Becomes law REMEMBER A bill becomes law only after it passes both the House and the Senate in identical form and is signed by the president, or a veto is overridden. Introduced bills are proposals only. Any bill not passed by the end of this Congress in January 2027 expires and must be reintroduced. Where H-1B stands now Senate billH-1B and L-1 Visa Reform ActBipartisan bill from Dick Durbin and Chuck Grassley, reintroduced Sept 30, 2025: tougher wage and recruitment rules, priority for higher-degree STEM workers.
德宾新闻稿众议院法案：2026 年终止 H-1B 签证滥用法案作为 H.R. 8443 提交。与本名单上的每一项法案一样，必须通过所有六个步骤才能生效。Congress.gov 非法律10 万美元 H-1B 费用由总统公告于 2025 年 9 月 19 日设定，而非由国会设定。马萨诸塞州联邦法院于 2026 年 6 月 8 日判决将其推翻；该裁决因上诉而暂停执行。
Durbin press release House billEnd H-1B Visa Abuse Act of 2026Introduced as H.R. 8443. Like every bill on this list, it must clear all six steps to take effecngress.gov Not a lawThe $100,000 H-1B feeSet by presidential proclamation on Sept 19, 2025, not by Congress. A federal court in Massachusetts struck it down on June 8, 2026; that ruling is on hold pending appeal.
国会只能通过法案将其写入法律或予以阻止。《国家法律评论》来源：Congress.gov；迪克·德宾参议员办公室；《国家法律评论》；Kalshi News（权力平衡，10 月 21 日）；WION。
Congress could write it into law or block it only by passing a bill. National Law Review Sources: Congress.gov; Office of Sen. Dick Durbin; National Law Review; Kalshi News (balance of power, Oct 21); WION.
除了特朗普政府引入的限制措施外，国会的多项提案可能在塑造外国公民（尤其是在美印度人）的前行道路上发挥关键作用。威斯康星州众议员格伦·格罗斯曼和共和党参议员乔恩·赫斯特德在各自议院提出了《通过 H-1B 现代化保护美国工人法案》，该法案可能“关闭一个过时的漏洞”，该漏洞曾允许 H-1B 依赖型雇主绕过对美国工人的某些保护。
Beyond restrictions introduced by the Trump administration, several congressional proposals could play a pivotal role in shaping the path forward for foreign nationals, especially Indians in the United States. Wisconsin Representative Glenn Grothman and Republican Senator Jon Husted introduced the Protecting American Workers Through H-1B Modernization Act in their respective chambers, which could “close an outdated loophole” that allowed H-1B dependent employers to bypass certain protections for American workers.
拟议法案旨在收紧 H-1B 雇主豁免条款根据现行法律，H-1B 依赖型雇主——即 H-1B 员工占其员工总数比例超过特定门槛的公司——必须声明他们已先尝试招聘美国工人，然后才能担保额外的 H-1B 签证。然而，如果公司声明 H-1B 工人年薪至少 6 万美元，或该工人持有硕士或更高学位，则可豁免遵守该法律。
Proposed bill seeks to tighten H-1B employer exemptions Under the current law, H-1B dependent employers, companies whose H-1B share of their workforce crosses a particular threshold, must declare that they first tried to hire American workers before sponsoring additional H-1B visas. However, the companies are exempt from the law if they attest that the H-1B worker earns at least $60,000 per year, or if the worker holds a master’s degree or higher.
1998年推出的6万美元门槛，初衷是设定为当时社会保障局（SSA）全国平均工资指数的两倍。共和党众议员格罗特曼的办公室表示，若按通胀调整，原门槛应为14万美元。
Introduced in 1998, the $60,000 threshold was set with the intention to be twice the Social Security Administration’s (SSA) National Average Wage Index at the time. Republican Representative Grothman’s office said the original threshold, after adjusting for inflation, should be $140,000.
“美国工人在自己的国家理应优先。雇主不应能利用近三十年前设定的薪资门槛，规避对合格美国人的保护。既然多年前本应上调这一门槛，却迟迟未动，实属无理可辞，”格罗特曼说。
“American workers should come first in their own country. Employers should not be able to use a salary threshold established nearly three decades ago to bypass protections for qualified Americans. There is no excuse for leaving this threshold unchanged when it should have been raised years ago,” Grothman said.
另一法案提议暂停发放新H-1B签证三年 据印度报业托拉斯（PTI）报道，共和党参议员蒂姆·希伊提出另一法案，旨在暂停发放新H-1B签证三年，并将特朗普政府针对特定H-1B申请征收10万美元费用的规定——该规定曾被联邦法院推翻——成文立法。来自蒙大拿州的参议员希伊表示，美国不应发放那些让削弱美国工人权益变得更容易的签证。
Another bill proposes three-year pause on new H-1B visas Another bill introduced by Republican Senator Tim Sheehy seeks to pause the issuance of new H-1B visas for three years and codify the $100,000 fee for certain H-1B petitions imposed by the Trump administration that was struck down by a federal court, PTI reported. The US Senator from Montana, Sheehy, said the United States should not be issuing visas that make it easier to undercut the rights of American workers.
“H-1B项目设立初衷，是为了解决专业、难以招聘岗位的劳动力短缺问题，而非用更廉价的外籍劳工取代合格、勤奋的美国人。我的立法——‘终止H-1B滥用法案’——将该项目恢复至初衷，通过堵塞鼓励滥用的漏洞、强化护栏并优先考虑国家安全利益，让美国工人优先，”这位共和党参议员补充道。
“The H-1B programme was created to address workforce shortages for specialised, difficult-to-fill positions, not to displace qualified, hardworking Americans with cheaper, foreign labour. My legislation, the End H-1B Abuse Act, restores the programme to its original intent and puts American workers first by closing loopholes that incentivise abuse, strengthening guardrails and prioritising our national security interests,” the Republican Senator added.
民主党获胜对印度工人意味着什么 然而，即便民主党在即将到来的11月中期选举中从共和党手中夺回国会两院控制权，也不会自动推翻特朗普总统签署的公告或机构法规。对于密切关注选举的印度人而言，关键问题在于拟议的H-1B限制、绿卡改革及其他措施是否会推进。
What a Democratic victory could mean for Indian workers However, even if Democrats wrest control of chambers in the upcoming November midterm elections from Republicans, it would not automatically overturn the proclamations or agency regulations passed by President Trump. For Indians closely watching the polls, the key issue would be whether the proposed H-1B restrictions, green card reforms, and other measures advance.