雅加达讯 -- 印度尼西亚和新加坡外长周二同意成立联合特别工作组，以追究森林大火的企业责任。此前，雅加达因跨境烟霾问题以及摩根士丹利资本国际指数（MSCI）可能下调印度尼西亚评级，加大了切断向新加坡出口能源的威胁力度。
JAKARTA -- The foreign ministers of Indonesia and Singapore agreed on Tuesday to set up a joint task force to seek corporate accountability for forest fires, as Jakarta stepped up threats to cut energy exports to the city-state following bilateral spats over transboundary haze and MSCI's potential downgrade for Indonesia.
新加坡外长维文·巴拉克里希南周二晚在雅加达会见了印尼外长阿尔马纳塔·纳西尔，双方就苏门答腊岛和加里曼丹岛（婆罗洲印尼领土部分）的泥炭地和森林大火性质进行了辩论。近几个月来，肆虐的大火产生了有害烟霾，也笼罩了新加坡和马来西亚部分地区。
Singaporean Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan met Arrmanatha Nasir, his Indonesian counterpart, in Jakarta on Tuesday evening, and they debated the nature of peatland and forest fires on Sumatra and in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo. Raging fires have in recent months produced hazardous air that has also blanketed Singapore and parts of Malaysia.
纳西尔在会后的联合记者会上表示：“这些大火的首批受害者是印尼人——是我们在苏门答腊和加里曼丹的农民、儿童和家庭不得不首先吸入烟雾。”
"The first victims of these fires are Indonesians -- it is our farmers, our children and our families in Sumatra and Kalimantan who have to breathe the smoke first," Nasir told a joint news conference after their meeting.
他说，应对火灾是印尼总统普拉博沃·苏比安托的首要任务：“但同样，大自然决定了我们将如何成功，因为正如你们所知，现在的挑战是严重的厄尔尼诺现象。”
He said tackling the fires is a top priority for Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto: "But again, nature determines how we will succeed, because as you know, the challenge now is the severe El Nino."
巴拉克里希南表示，虽然厄尔尼诺是自然气候现象，“但烟霾不是。”他说，由人为活动引起的火灾是可以预防的：“因此，我们有责任保护印尼和新加坡的每一个人。”
Balakrishnan said that while El Nino is a natural climate phenomenon, "the haze is not." He said fires caused by human activity were preventable: "So we have a responsibility to protect everyone in Indonesia and Singapore."
关于联合特别工作组，纳西尔表示，它将“汇聚信息共享、金融情报和跨境取证”。外长会晤的前一天，印尼能源部长巴利尔·拉哈达利亚表示，印尼正在重新考虑向新加坡出售电力的计划。
On the joint task force, Nasir said it would "bring together information sharing, financial intelligence and cross-border evidence gathering." The foreign ministers met the day after Indonesian Energy Minister Bahlil Lahadalia said his country is reconsidering a plan to sell electricity to Singapore.
“电力出口能否推进，取决于新加坡的态度，”拉哈达利亚在雅加达对记者说。“印尼仍需要额外电力。仅我们的数据中心就需要20吉瓦电力。我将继续优先满足国内需求。”印尼此前签署了初步协议，计划到2035年向新加坡供应3.4吉瓦低碳电力。新加坡中央商务区已因印尼火灾引发的跨境霾害笼罩数周。
"Whether electricity exports proceed or not depends on Singapore's attitude," Lahadalia told reporters in Jakarta. "Indonesia still needs additional electricity. Our data centers alone [will] require 20 gigawatts of power. I'll continue to prioritize domestic needs." Indonesia earlier signed preliminary agreements to supply 3.4 GW of low-carbon power to Singapore by 2035. Singapore's central business district has been blanketed by transboundary haze caused by fires in Indonesia for weeks.
这一跨境电力贸易可能出现倒退，是在印尼上周宣布削减向新加坡的管道天然气出口、日量3100万标准立方英尺、约占其对该城邦天然气出口总量8%之后发生的。新加坡表示，该数量占其每日天然气需求的不足2%。
The potential backtrack on cross-border electricity trade follows Indonesia's announcement last week of a cut to its pipeline gas exports to Singapore by 31 million standard cubic feet of gas per day, about 8% of its total natural gas export to the city-state. Singapore said the amount makes up less than 2% of its daily gas demand.
雅加达的举措是在新加坡于10月16日表示将就火灾和跨境霾害向印尼的七家公司发出警告之后出现的。尽管因强厄尔尼诺现象导致的干旱被认为加剧了火势，但多家在印尼经营的棕榈油和纸浆造纸公司——其中一些在新加坡注册——因在其特许经营区内发现热点而受到关注。
Jakarta's moves came after Singapore said on Oct. 16 that it would send warnings to seven companies in Indonesia over fires and transboundary haze. While droughts due to a severe El Nino are believed to have exacerbated the fires multiple palm oil and pulp and paper companies operating in Indonesia -- some of which are registered in Singapore -- have come under scrutiny for hot spots detected inside their concessions.
跨境霾害在社交媒体上引发了对印尼的批评，新加坡人和马来西亚人指责雅加达未能应对火灾、防止危害蔓延至境外。印尼官员一直处于守势。
The transboundary haze has fueled criticism of Indonesia on social media, with Singaporeans and Malaysians accusing Jakarta of failing to tackle the fires and prevent harm beyond its borders. Indonesian officials have been on the defensive.
“有些国家嘲笑和侮辱我们，而造成霾害的责任公司却来自那些国家，”普拉博沃上周表示，并警告将识别这些公司。
"Some countries have made fun and insulted us, while companies responsible [for the haze] come from those countries," Prabowo said last week, warning that he would identify such companies.
周五，新加坡国家环境局向10家在印尼有业务的新加坡注册公司——其中一些是印尼财团的子公司——发出通知，要求其提供关于特许经营区和火灾缓解措施的信息。
On Friday, Singapore's National Environment Agency issued notices to 10 Singapore-registered companies that have Indonesia operations -- some are units of Indonesian conglomerates -- to seek information regarding their concessions and fire mitigation.
与此同时，新加坡国家投资机构GIC和淡马锡被指责向全球指数编制机构MSCI施压，要求其考虑潜在降级印度尼西亚，导致股市近期暴跌。GIC和淡马锡否认了这些指控，该指控由前印尼贸易部长穆罕默德·卢特菲在社交媒体上发布并广泛传播。
Meanwhile, Singaporean state investors GIC and Temasek were accused of pressuring global index provider MSCI to consider a potential downgrade of Indonesia which caused the stock market to plummet recently. GIC and Temasek denied the allegations, made viral on social media by Muhammad Lutfi, a former Indonesian trade minister.
普拉博沃也对这一传闻做出强烈回应，在上周的一次演讲中说：“我们面临着许多干扰……各种各样的。让我告诉MSCI：印度尼西亚不怕任何人。”
Prabowo also reacted strongly to this rumor, saying in a speech last week: "We're facing a lot of disturbances ... of various kinds. Let me tell MSCI: Indonesia is not afraid of anyone."
新加坡总理黄循财周日表示，新加坡的天然气进口商将采取措施维护其合同权利：“我们期望各方都遵守承诺。”印度尼西亚总统普拉博沃·苏比安托已批评全球指数编制机构MSCI可能降级该国，他在10月21日表示，东南亚最大经济体“不怕任何人。”（印度尼西亚总统府）新加坡能源、贸易和工业部长陈诗龙提到资源民族主义的“令人担忧”趋势，称此类举措可能增加商业风险并阻碍能源领域投资。
Singaporean Prime Minister Lawrence Wong said on Sunday that Singapore's gas importer would take steps to safeguard its contractual rights: "We expect all parties to honor their commitments." Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto has criticized MSCI, a global index provider, for its potential downgrade of the country, saying on Oct. 21 that Southeast Asia's largest economy is "not afraid of anyone." (Indonesia's presidential office) Tan See Leng, Singapore's minister for energy, trade and industry, cited a "concerning" trend of resource nationalism, saying that such moves could increase business risks and discourage investment in the energy sector.
能源部长拉哈达利亚表示，印尼正在履行合同：“不要只要求我们遵守承诺，而另一方却不愿表现出同样的尊重，”他说，“不要看不起其他国家。”他说，印尼也在寻求减少对新加坡作为区域大宗商品贸易中介的依赖，正在审查直接向最终买家出口液化天然气的选项。为了预防新加坡可能的报复——印尼从新加坡进口精炼石油产品——该部长表示，他将很快访问包括中国和印度在内的几个国家，寻找替代供应来源。
Energy Minister Lahadalia said Indonesia is honoring its contracts: "Don't just ask us to honor our commitments while the other side is reluctant to show the same respect," he said. "Don't look down on other countries." He said Indonesia is also seeking to reduce its reliance on Singapore as an intermediary in regional commodity trading, reviewing options to export liquefied natural gas directly to end buyers. And to anticipate a possible backlash from Singapore, from which Indonesia imports refined petroleum products, the minister said he will soon visit several countries including China and India to search for alternative supply sources.
了解此事的印尼政府官员向《日经亚洲》表示，目前正在努力缓和这些摩擦，防止新加坡采取报复行动而损害印尼经济。
Indonesian government officials familiar with the matter told Nikkei Asia that efforts are underway to de-escalate these frictions and prevent a backlash from Singapore that could hurt Indonesia's economy.
然而，一位不愿透露姓名的人士表示，普拉博沃一段时间以来一直“对新加坡感到恼火”，因为新加坡让富有的印尼人将资金留在该国，并从中获益。
However, one person said, on condition of anonymity, that Prabowo has for a while been "pissed off with Singapore" for letting wealthy Indonesians keep money in the city-state and benefiting from this.
印尼战略与国际问题研究中心（CSIS）的国际关系研究员穆罕默德·扎克万指出，雅加达目前处理跨境雾霾的方式与普拉博沃的睦邻友好和零敌人政策相矛盾。在CSIS周一发表的一篇评论文章中，他将雅加达的言论描述为“危险的”。扎克万写道：“危险在于习惯于指责他人，而不是反思印尼早就应该完成的功课。”
Muhammad Dzakwan, an international relations researcher at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Indonesia, pointed out that Jakarta's current handling of transboundary haze is at odds with Prabowo's good neighbor and zero enemies policy. In a Monday commentary published by the CSIS, he described Jakarta's rhetoric as "dangerous." "The danger lies in the habit of blaming others rather than contemplating on the homework Indonesia should have done long ago," Dzakwan wrote.
他还表示，突然削减对新加坡的天然气供应“发出了一个极其有害的信号，表明印尼作为经济伙伴的信誉存在问题”。
He added that the sudden reduction in natural gas supply to Singapore "sent an extremely detrimental signal about Indonesia's credibility as an economic partner."
雅加达经济改革中心的经济学家迪波·萨特里亚称印尼的举动“高度政治化”，且沟通“处理得很糟糕”。
Dipo Satria, an economist at the Center of Reform on Economics in Jakarta, called Indonesia's moves "highly political" with communications being "handled poorly."
萨特里亚对《日经亚洲》表示：“一切都变得纠缠在一起——我认为这非常危险。新加坡的投资有可能减少。他们也可能停止向我们供应燃料产品。”
"Everything has become intertwined -- I think that is very dangerous," Satria told Nikkei Asia. "There is a risk that investment from Singapore could decline. They could also stop supplying us with fuel products."