厄尔尼诺预计将在今冬把潮汐推得更高。本周一和周二，海水被推上加州沿海的海岸线，甚至溢入道路，随着高潮潮位创下纪录水平。专家表示，这只是该州居民在整个冬季应当预期的情形的预兆，因为太平洋正因今年强劲的厄尔尼诺而膨胀。
El Niño is expected to push this winter’s high tides even higher. Seawater pushed over shorelines up and down the coast of California and spilled onto roadways on Monday and Tuesday as high tides reached record levels. Experts said it was a taste of what the state’s residents should expect throughout the winter as the Pacific Ocean swells from this year’s strong El Niño.
美国国家气象局称，测量加州海岸潮汐的仪表在周一打破纪录，洛杉矶港记录到有史以来最高潮位，旧金山则出现十月份最高潮位。随后，周二再次出现同样情况。
Gauges that measure tides along the California coast broke records on Monday, with Los Angeles Harbor recording its highest tide ever and San Francisco seeing its highest tide for the month of October, according to the National Weather Service. Then it happened again on Tuesday.
在旧金山，午餐时分的高潮潮位淹没了一个广场以及城市东岸的部分人行道，该处是渡轮全天候出发的地点。
In San Francisco, high tides at lunchtime flooded a plaza and parts of the sidewalk along the city’s eastern shore, where its ferries depart throughout the day.
《纽约时报》记者伊恩·C·贝茨报道，72岁的托尼·马萨拉从诺布山社区的家中乘坐缆车前往拍摄洪水。“这真是令人惊叹的景象，”他说。
Ian C. Bates for The New York Times Tony Massara, 72, hopped on a cable car from his home in the Nob Hill neighborhood to take photos of the flooding. “It is a sight to see,” he said.
他拍下了广场上一座巨型章鱼状雕像的照片，雕像的触手正浸在积水中，并大声猜测这只章鱼是否是为耐海水而建造的。
He snapped one of a giant octopus-like statue in the plaza, its tentacles sitting in pooling water, and wondered aloud whether the octopus was constructed to withstand sea water.
他表示担忧厄尔尼诺对旧金山基础设施和地铁系统的影响，更别说海平面上升整体上对城市的威胁。他踢了一块低矮的混凝土障碍物，似乎在阻挡部分洪水，并指出这并不像一堵有效的海堤。
He said he was worried about El Niño’s effects on San Francisco’s infrastructure and subway system, not to mention sea level rise in general threatening the city. He kicked a low concrete barrier that seemed to be holding some flooding back, and noted that it didn’t seem all that effective a sea wall.
海浪在广场内来回流动，穿过围栏并越过混凝土障碍。附近码头大楼的上班族在取沙拉和拿咖啡时停下来观看并拍摄洪水，背景是横跨蓝色海面的宽阔海湾大桥。
The surf flowed in and out through the plaza, passing under fences and over concrete barriers. Office workers picking up salads and lattes at the Ferry Building nearby stopped to stare and snap photos of the flooding, framed by the expansive Bay Bridge stretching over the blue water.
当一艘渡轮离港时，更多的水被推向他们，淹没了人行道和相邻的自行车道，导致一些人慌忙奔逃。加州纽波特海滩的街道在周二被洪水淹没。
Some were sent scrambling when a ferry departed and pushed even more water toward them, covering the sidewalk and neighboring bike lane. A flooded street in Newport Beach, Calif., on Tuesday.
伊芙琳·霍克斯坦/路透社 潮汐很难测量，因为海洋从来不是平坦或稳定的，单一的海平面高度并不能完全代表海水的实际状况。相反，潮位计会捕捉多种数据点。气象学家密切关注的数据之一是“平均高高潮”，即多年来观测到的每日两次潮汐中较高一次的平均高度，任何超过该高度的上升都可作为海岸发生多少海水淹没的指标。
Evelyn Hockstein/Reuters Tides are tricky to measure because the ocean is never flat or stable, and a single sea-level height doesn’t fully represent what the water is doing. Instead, gauges capture a variety of data points. One of those that meteorologists eye closely is the “mean higher high water,” which is the average height of the higher of the two daily tides observed over many years, and any rise above that is a proxy for how much water inundation occurs on the shore.
周二在洛杉矶，该数值初步达到2.7英尺的历史最高纪录，意味着在通常没有水的地方出现了2.7英尺深的水。在旧金山，高潮时出现了2英尺的淹没；这并未打破该市1983年1月27日创下的2.82英尺的历史最高纪录——当时也正处于像今年这样非常强烈的厄尔尼诺现象期间。
In Los Angeles on Tuesday, that number was at a preliminary all-time record of 2.7 feet, meaning there was 2.7 feet of water where there usually isn’t water. In San Francisco, there was 2 feet of inundation at high tide; this did not break the city’s all-time record of 2.82 feet set on Jan. 27, 1983 — also during a very strong El Niño, like this year.
由于厄尔尼诺现象，海平面已经高于往常。本周异常高的潮汐是由太阳系中一个几何精确的时刻驱动的，当时太阳、月亮和地球排成一线，对海洋的引力达到最大。预计11月和12月还会出现更高的潮汐。
Sea levels are already higher than usual because of El Niño. The unusually high tides this week were driven by a moment of geometric precision in the solar system when the sun, moon and Earth are lined up and the gravitational pull on the oceans is maximized. Even higher tides are expected in November and December.
沿海社区正在为大规模洪水做准备，预报员警告说，如果一场大风暴在潮汐不断升高之际席卷海岸，洪水可能尤其具有毁灭性。
Communities along the coast are preparing for widespread flooding, which forecasters warned could be especially devastating if a big storm sweeps the coast at the same time that the tides creep higher.
“我们现在看到的是今年冬天预计最大潮汐的前兆，”蒙特雷国家气象局办公室的气象学家卡莱萨·罗加切斯基说。
“What we’re seeing right now is a precursor of the maximum tides expected this winter,” said Karleisa Rogacheski, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service office in Monterey.
在南加州，戴琳·戴维斯正在长滩半岛上为她的餐车寻找新的停放地点。
In Southern California, Dayleene Davis is searching for a new place to park her food truck on the Long Beach peninsula.
该半岛是一块伸入太平洋的狭长陆地，本月已经感受到了厄尔尼诺现象的威力。温暖的海洋水域在太平洋催生了更强大的热带风暴和飓风，由此带来的巨浪和强浪拍击房屋，令居民惊恐，也吓跑了海滩游客。“太疯狂了，”戴维斯女士说，她为顾客烹制碎肉饼汉堡和薯条。
The peninsula is a narrow spit of land that juts into the Pacific Ocean that has felt the fury of El Niño this month. The warm ocean waters fueled more powerful tropical storms and hurricanes in the Pacific, which sent high surf and powerful waves crashing onto homes alarming residents and scaring away beachgoers. “It’s pretty crazy,” said Ms. Davis, who cooks smash burgers and French fries for customers.
戴维斯女士说，她正试图获得一份新许可，以便将餐车停在长滩港附近。“我会服务一群卡车司机，而不是海滩游客。他们可能真的会吃饼干配肉汁，”她开玩笑说。
Ms. Davis said she was trying to secure a new permit to instead park her food truck near the Long Beach port. “I’ll serve a bunch of truck drivers instead of beachgoers. They might actually eat the biscuits and gravy,” she joked.