路透社的一项调查披露，伊朗据称建立了一个由5000多个与军方有关联的秘密机构组成的庞大网络，从世界各地采购武器相关设备、爆炸物和重型车辆，同时绕过美国的海上封锁和西方制裁。
Iran has allegedly built a vast network of more than 5,000 secret military-linked agencies to procure weapons-related equipment explosives and heavy-duty vehicles from across the world, all while bypassing the United States naval blockade and western sanctions, a news agency Reuters investigation has revealed.
据报道，自2025年1月以来，该网络已促成价值20亿美元的进口，帮助德黑兰获得对其导弹和无人机项目至关重要的物资，尽管在与美国进行的持续战争中，其军事基础设施遭到攻击。
According to the report, this network has facilitated imports worth $2 billion since January 2025, helping Tehran access materials critical for its missile and drone programmes even as its military infrastructure came under attack during the ongoing war with America.
调查揭示了一个由5000多个机构组成的网络，这些机构以MOD开头的名称运营，MOD是伊朗国防部的缩写。这些秘密机构都共用同一个德黑兰地址，即伊朗国防与武装部队后勤部（MODAFL）的地址。
The investigation has revealed a network of more than 5,000 agencies operating under names beginning with MOD, short for Iran's ministry of defence. The secret agencies all share the same Tehran address, that of Iran's ministry of defence and armed forces logistics, or MODAFL.
报道：赫格塞思解雇的五角大楼高级军事规划人员承认向记者分享了关于伊朗、乌克兰的机密信息这些发现正值西亚冲突的背景下，该冲突始于今年2月美国和以色列对伊朗的打击。伊朗以袭击美国在海湾国家的基地和利益作为报复，随后封锁了霍尔木兹海峡的航行，该海峡是战前能源进口的关键水道。美国实施了海上封锁，旨在限制伊朗的海上贸易，并限制其出口石油和获取物资的能力。
Top Pentagon military planner fired by Hegseth admitted sharing classified information on Iran, Ukraine with reporters: ReportThe findings come against the backdrop of the conflict in West Asia, which began with US-Israeli strikes on Iran in February this year. Iran retaliated with attacks on US bases and interests in Gulf countries, and subsequently blocked navigation through Strait of Hormuz, a key waterway for energy imports before the war. The US imposed a naval blockade aimed at restricting Iran's maritime trade and limiting its ability to export oil and access supplies.
伊朗秘密网络内幕路透社的这项调查基于数千份伊朗银行和政府记录、企业文件和进口数据，据称揭露了外国中间人和空壳公司如何帮助伊朗维持其军事供应链。
Inside Iran's secret networkThe investigation by Reuters, which is based on thousands of Iranian bank and government records, corporate filings and import data, allegedly exposes how foreign intermediaries and shell companies helped Iran sustain its military supply chain.
该网络的财务痕迹出现在可追溯至2016年的提单和其他航运数据中。
The financial footprints of the network were present on bills of lading and other shipping data dating back to 2016.
其中一些与伊斯兰革命卫队以及被称为“博尼亚德”的企业集团有关联，这些企业集团由伊朗精英阶层控制。伊斯兰革命卫队的关联浮出水面，是因为登记在91家机构名下的电话号码也出现在与伊斯兰革命卫队人员有关的塞帕银行记录中。这些机构将成立日期列为1979年2月11日，即前最高领袖阿亚图拉霍梅尼推翻君主制后在伊朗掌权的那一天。
Some of these were linked to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and to business conglomerates known as bonyads, which are controlled by Iran's elite. The IRGC links emerged as phone numbers registered to 91 agencies also appeared in Bank Sepah records linked to Islamic Guard personnel. The agencies list their incorporation date as February 11, 1979, the day former Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini came to power in Iran after overthrowing monarchy.
然而，其中大多数机构成立于2013年，当时伊朗正艰难应对国际制裁，制裁导致其原油出口和货币暴跌。这些机构由路透社首次查明。伊朗如何绕过美国封锁和制裁？调查中重点提及的这些机构据称运营着一个由代理人和外国空壳公司组成的网络，这些人统称为“受托人”。这些受托人利用非法石油销售所得采购军事装备。
However, most of these were established in 2013, when Iran was struggling with international sanctions which led to a plunge in its crude exports and currency. These agencies have been identified for the first time by Reuters. How is Iran bypassing US blockade and sanctions? The agencies highlighted in the investigation allegedly operate a network of front-men and foreign shell companies, who are collectively known as trustees. These trustees procure military hardware using proceeds from illicit oil sales.
需要明确的是，路透社的调查结果主要涉及伊朗进口的军事部件、原材料和设备，而非成品导弹和无人机。因此，据路透社称，这些秘密机构形成了一个与伊朗正式全球经济并行的对外贸易体系。美国财政部前高级官员米亚德·马莱基对路透社表示，这个隐藏的网络使伊朗能够将其在海外销售非法石油所赚的钱用于购买军事装备。
To be sure, Reuters' findings largely pertain to military components, raw materials and equipment imported by Iran, not finished missiles and drones. Therefore, according to Reuters, these secret agencies have formed a foreign-trade system parallel to Iran's formal global economy. This hidden network allows Iran to spend the money it earns abroad selling illicit oil on military hardware, Miad Maleki, a former senior official at the US treasure department, told Reuters.US forces in Middle East ready to launch ‘a big effort’ in Iran after November midterm elections: ReportMaleki was one of four experts on Iranian sanctions and weapons who reviewed the Reuters findings.
报道：美国中期选举后，驻中东美军准备在伊朗展开“大规模行动”马莱基是审阅路透社调查结果的四位伊朗制裁与武器专家之一。该报告的显著发现之一是，在这些进口中，资金很少跨越国界，从而绕过了制裁。根据进口数据，在路透社审查的97%的货运中，交易是“在没有货币转移的情况下”结算的。
Among the significant findings of the report is that in these imports, money rarely crosses borders, thus bypassing sanctions. For 97% of the shipments reviewed by Reuters, the transactions were settled “without currency transfer”, according to import data.
这意味着受托人可能使用了存放在外国银行的现金，购买商品并将其运回国，路透社报道称。中国、俄罗斯、德国等国与进口有关联。从隐蔽网络采购的军事硬件通过陆路、海路和空路被运往伊朗，其中大部分被记录为产自中国、俄罗斯和德国。路透社援引审查过的文件报道称，这些物资据称通过货船从俄罗斯横跨里海进入伊朗，通过卡车从中亚进入，并通过货运飞机从中国进入。
This implies that the trustees could have used cash held in foreign banks, bought goods, and shipped them home, Reuters reported. China, Russia, Germany among countries linked to importsThe military hardware being procured from the hidden network was taken to Iran by land, sea and air, and much of it was recorded as originating in China, Russia and Germany. The material allegedly entered Iran by cargo ship across the Caspian Sea from Russia, by truck from Central Asia, and by freight planes from China, Reuters reported citing reviewed documents.
进口数据还显示，伊朗军方购买的价值2700万美元的商品源自阿拉伯联合酋长国，其中几乎全部是通过海路运来的。进口什么材料？据报道，这个秘密武器进口网络已为伊朗制造无人机和导弹所需的多种原材料提供了支持。路透社引述的专家表示，其中大部分材料，包括炸药，可能被视为两用物资，并可能具有民用用途。
The import data also shows $27 million worth of goods purchased by Iran’s military originating from the United Arab Emirates. Nearly all of these came by sea. What materials are being imported? This secret weapons import network has reportedly provided several of the raw materials Iran needs to make drones and missiles. According to experts cited by Reuters, much of this material, including explosives, could be considered dual-use, and could have civilian purposes.
路透社审查的进口数据显示，在今年上半年，交付物品包括价值190万美元的起爆器、数吨炸药、飞机发动机零件、火箭燃料成分以及重型发射车辆。
Import data reviewed by Reuters shows that in the during the first half of this year, deliveries included $1.9 million worth of detonators, tonnes of explosives, aircraft engine parts, rocket fuel ingredients and heavy-duty launch vehicles.
除单个部件外，采购还包括编码为精密计算机控制车床、电子束炉和粒子加速器的物品，根据截至6月的进口数据。所有这些都有工业用途，也可用于制造军事装备，包括无人机和导弹机身。据报道，万斯在新的战争威胁中向伊朗强硬派伸出谈判橄榄枝。MOD 346428：进口背后的关键机构路透社的调查特别提到一个名为MOD 346428的机构，根据汇总进出口数据的平台ImportGenius，该机构在2025年1月至2026年6月期间进口了23亿美元的军事硬件。
Besides individual components, the purchases also include items coded as sophisticated computer-controlled lathes, electron-beam furnaces and particle accelerators, according to import data that runs to June. All of these have industrial purposes and can also be used to make military equipment, including drone and missile bodies.JD Vance reaches out to Iranian hardliner for talks amid fresh war threats: ReportMOD 346428: Key agency behind importsThe Reuters investigation specifically mentions an agency identified as MOD 346428, which imported $2.3 billion of military hardware between January 2025 and June 2026, according to ImportGenius, a platform that aggregates import-export data.
在18个月内，该机构进口了大量对制造无人机和导弹至关重要的火箭推进剂、炸药和武器部件。根据伊朗媒体公布的海关统计数据，其海外采购逐年增加，从2023年的4.42亿美元增至次年9.88亿美元。
In 18 months, this agency imported huge quantities of rocket propellants, explosives and weapons components critical for manufacturing drones and missiles. Its overseas purchases steadily increased over the years, from $442 million in 2023 to $988 million the following year, according to customs statistics published in Iranian media.
在上述期间，MOD 346428向伊朗班达尔阿巴斯港进口了886吨化学品。
Between the above-mentioned time period, MOD 346428 imported 886 tonnes of chemicals into Iran's port of Bandar Abbas.
它还进口了可用作导弹发射车的重型卡车。其中包括2025年1月至2026年6月期间的435辆伊维科卡车，以及数千辆丰田海拉克斯和陆地巡洋舰卡车，据路透社报道，伊朗革命卫队及其代理人据称会对这些卡车进行改装，在平坦的车厢上安装重机枪。
It also imported heavy-duty trucks that can serve as missile launchers. These include 435 Iveco trucks between January 2025 and June 2026, and thousands of Toyota Hilux and Land Cruiser trucks, which the IRGC and its proxies allegedly modify to mount heavy machine guns on the flat, Reuters reported.