经济压力成为选民关注焦点，包括高通胀、能源价格上涨、就业增长放缓和负担能力问题，这些将主导11月3日美国中期选举前的选民心态，该选举将决定国会的权力平衡。选举前的民意调查显示，飙升的生活成本主导着选民偏好。
Economic pressures from high inflation, rising energy prices, cooling job growth and affordability issues take center stage for voters ahead of the Nov. 3 midterm elections in the US, which will determine the balance of power in Congress. Soaring living costs dominate voter preferences, public opinion polls ahead of the elections show.
皮尤研究中心10月8日发布的一项调查发现，约84%的登记选民认为经济状况对其投票决定非常重要，其中包括82%的共和党选民和88%的民主党选民。
Some 84% of registered voters consider the state of the economy very important to their vote, including 82% of Republicans and 88% of Democrats, a survey by the Pew Research Center on Oct. 8 found.
选举前几天，通胀加速、消费者信心走弱以及借贷成本持续高企，凸显了这些担忧。
Accelerating inflation, weakening consumer confidence and persistently high borrowing costs just days before the elections underscore these concerns.
随着中东局势紧张，始于2月底美国和以色列对伊朗的联合打击，能源成本继续给家庭带来压力。
Energy costs continue to strain households amid tensions in the Middle East that began with the joint US and Israeli strikes on Iran at the end of February.
美国汽车协会（AAA）报告称，截至10月29日，汽油平均价格为每加仑4.23美元，较去年同期3.04美元的平均水平飙升逾39%。
The American Automobile Association (AAA) reported that the average price of gasoline stood at $4.23 a gallon as of Oct. 29, marking a surge of more than 39% from the $3.04 average recorded during the same period last year.
柴油价格维持在每加仑约6.33美元的历史高位，涨幅达72%。由于柴油用于运输和农业部门，价格飙升推高了整个供应链的成本。
Diesel prices remain at record highs of around $6.33 per gallon, up 72%. Since diesel is used in the transportation and agriculture sectors, soaring prices drive up costs throughout the supply chain.
据非营利组织能源与清洁空气研究中心（CREA）称，美国承担了中东冲突和霍尔木兹海峡石油冲击带来的最沉重代价，在全球燃料账单新增的4680亿美元成本中，美国承担了约1600亿美元。
The US is paying the heaviest toll of the Middle East conflict and the oil shock in the Strait of Hormuz, shouldering around $160 billion of the $468 billion in additional costs added to the global fuel bill, according to the nonprofit Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA).
通胀仍远高于美国联邦储备委员会2%的目标，9月消费价格指数（CPI）环比上涨0.6%，同比上涨3.7%，将月度和年度通胀分别推至五个月和四个月高位。
Inflation remains well above the US Federal Reserve’s 2% target as the country’s consumer price index (CPI) rose 0.6% month-on-month and 3.7% year-on-year in September, pushing monthly and annual inflation to five-month and four-month highs, respectively.
剔除食品和能源的核心CPI在9月环比上涨0.3%，同比上涨2.6%。
The core CPI, excluding food and energy, rose 0.3% month-on-month and 2.6% year-on-year in September.
生产者价格指数（PPI）环比激增1.3%，同比飙升6.3%，均创下多年新高。
The producer price index (PPI) surged 1.3% month-on-month and 6.3% year-on-year in the same month, marking multiyear highs.
美联储主席凯文·沃什近日表示，美国民众面临的通胀已连续近六年高于该行的目标水平。
Fed Chair Kevin Warsh recently said Americans have been facing inflation that has remained above the bank’s target for nearly six years.
美联储9月份加息，这是自2023年以来首次加息，幅度为25个基点，随后在本月将利率维持在3.75%-4%的区间。去年美联储累计降息75个基点，并在今年前五次会议上维持利率不变。
The Fed raised rates in September for the first time since 2023, hiking them by 25 basis points before maintaining rates at a range of 3.75%-4% this month. The bank had cut rates by a total of 75 basis points last year and maintained them at its first five meetings of this year.
劳动力市场也开始降温，9月非农就业人口仅增加2.9万，远低于预期，而7月和8月的数据合计被下修6万个就业岗位。
The labor market also started to cool, with nonfarm payrolls rising by only 29,000 in September, well below estimates, while the figures for July and August were revised downward by a combined 60,000 jobs.
截至10月24日当周，初请失业金人数降至19.4万，为7月中旬以来最低水平。
The number of initial jobless claims fell to 194,000 in the week ending Oct. 24, the lowest level since mid-July.
尽管失业率微升0.1个百分点至4.2%，失业人口达710万，但美国经济第三季度表现出韧性，按年率折算增长3.4%，得益于私人消费和大规模科技投资的推动。
While the unemployment rate rose slightly by 0.1 percentage points to 4.2%, representing 7.1 million people, the US economy showed resilience in the third quarter, growing at an annual rate of 3.4%, driven by private consumption and massive tech investments.
这一表现未能提振消费者信心，密歇根大学消费者信心指数10月跌至五个月低点48，短期通胀预期升至4.7%。
This performance failed to positively influence consumer sentiment, as the University of Michigan’s consumer sentiment index dropped to a five-month low of 48 in October amid a rise in short-term inflation expectations to 4.7%.
与去年同期相比，消费者信心下降10%，较2月（在与伊朗紧张局势升级前）下降15%。
Consumer confidence declined by 10% year-on-year and 15% compared with February, before tensions with Iran escalated.
与此同时，通胀压力和货币政策收紧预期令债券市场承受抛售压力，美国10年期和30年期国债收益率10月初触及24年高位，虽随后有所回落，但仍维持在高位。
Meanwhile, inflationary pressures and expectations of tighter monetary policy kept bond markets under selling pressure, with the US 10-year and 30-year Treasury yields hitting 24-year highs earlier in October before retreating somewhat, although they remained elevated.
同时，房地产市场因高融资成本承压，据抵押贷款银行家协会（MBA）数据，30年期固定抵押贷款利率徘徊在7.37%左右。
At the same time, the housing market came under pressure from high financing costs as 30-year fixed mortgage rates hovered around 7.37%, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA).
美国全国房地产经纪人协会（NAR）的数据显示，9月份待售房屋合同同比下降11.3%，环比下降7.3%。
Pending home sales dropped 11.3% year-on-year and 7.3% month-on-month in September, data from the National Association of Realtors (NAR) showed.
2026财年美国联邦预算赤字达1.99万亿美元，为新冠疫情以来最高水平，而公共债务总额达到40.4万亿美元。
The US federal budget ran a deficit of $1.99 trillion in fiscal year 2026, marking the highest level since the COVID-19 pandemic, while total public debt hit $40.4 trillion.
巨额债务的净利息支付超过1万亿美元，偿债支出成为联邦政府第三大开支项目，超过了国防和整体医疗保健支出，仅次于社会保障和医疗保险。
Net interest payments on the massive debt exceeded $1 trillion as debt servicing became the federal government’s third-largest spending item, surpassing defense and overall health care, while ranking behind Social Security and Medicare.
贸易保护主义也推高了国内成本压力。尽管最高法院根据《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA）推翻了最初的关税，但华盛顿依据1974年《贸易法》第301条，对欧盟及其他国家征收了10%-12.5%的新关税。
Trade protectionism also drove up domestic cost pressures. Although the Supreme Court struck down initial tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), Washington imposed new tariffs of 10%-12.5% on the EU and other countries under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974.
福克斯新闻10月中旬的一项民调显示，69%的登记选民不赞成美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的关税政策。
Some 69% of registered voters disapproved of US President Donald Trump’s tariff policies, according to a poll by Fox News in mid-October.
益普索9月进行的一项民调显示，81%的受访者认为关税直接推高了物价。
Some 81% of participants in an Ipsos poll conducted in September think tariffs directly drove up prices.
《纽约时报》/锡耶纳学院最近的一项民调显示，64%的登记选民不赞成现任政府对美国经济的管理。
A recent poll by The New York Times/Siena College showed that 64% of registered voters disapprove of the current administration’s handling of the US economy.
69%的选民不赞成特朗普在生活成本问题上的立场，而65%不赞成他对伊朗战争的处理方式。
Some 69% of voters disapproved of Trump’s stance on the cost of living, while 65% disapproved of his approach to the war in Iran.
调查显示，73%的受访者对特朗普在汽油价格问题上推行的政策表示不满。
Some 73% expressed dissatisfaction with the policy Trump has pursued regarding gasoline prices, the survey showed.
鉴于众议院和参议院关键席位的竞争势均力敌，经济压力将决定选举结果。
Economic pressures will decide the outcome of the elections, given that key races for seats in the House of Representatives and the Senate are neck and neck.