
“为什么要在民众受苦时搞助威集会?”这是弗雷德里克·道格拉斯·海恩斯三世牧师在9月南达拉斯的一场食物捐赠活动上提出的问题,当时志愿者们正在为困难家庭收集食品杂货。同一时间,共和党在城那边举行中期选举大会。海恩斯是一位资深浸信会牧师,也是民主党国会候选人,他正在介绍詹姆斯·塔拉里科,后者是该党在得克萨斯州的联邦参议员候选人。
“Why do you wanna have a pep rally when people are hurting?”That was the question Rev. Frederick Douglass Haynes III posed at a September food drive in South Dallas, where volunteers were collecting groceries for struggling families. Across town, Republicans were holding a midterm convention. Haynes, a longtime Baptist pastor and Democratic congressional nominee, was introducing James Talarico, the party’s candidate for U.S. Senate in Texas.
一个月后,塔拉里科在达拉斯一座大型教堂发表讲话,提出了他自己对基督徒责任的理解。
A month later, speaking at a Dallas megachurch, Talarico offered his own interpretation of Christian duty.
“我试图通过公共政策爱邻舍,”这位长老会神学院学生对会众说。“我努力让邻舍的生活更轻松、更美好、压力更小。”这两人在全美最铁杆、最红得发紫的共和党领地里,提出了一个看似简单的论点,这可能超越关于全国竞选的常规认知,以及投入相互竞争的竞选金库的数百万资金:当极右翼政策转化为实实在在的痛苦时,介入在何时会成为一种精神义务?
“I try to love my neighbor through public policy,” the Presbyterian seminarian told the congregation. “I’m trying to make my neighbor’s life easier, better, less stressful.”Both men are making a deceptively simple argument in some of the staunchly staunch red-as-hell, Republican territory in America, one that might transcend the conventional wisdom about national campaigns and the millions poured into competing campaign war chests: When far-right policy translates into actual pain, at what point does intervening become a spiritual obligation?
在大手笔广告采购、筹款呼吁和庞大的政治顾问团队之中,塔拉里科和海恩斯正在汲取一种长期支撑美国南部各地社区的政治传统:在海恩斯的友谊西浸信会教堂,事工延伸至法律服务、移民倡导、心理咨询、经济正义和食品政策。这是教会如何往往构成在经济和政治压力下受苦社区的连接纽带的一个例证。
Amid the big-ticket ad buys, fundraising appeals, and armies of political consultants, Talarico and Haynes are tapping into a political tradition that has long sustained communities across the South: At Haynes’s Friendship-West Baptist Church, the ministry extends to legal services, immigration advocacy, counseling, economic justice, and food policy. It is an example of how churches often form the connective tissue of communities suffering under economic and political strain.
这种压力是可量化的。根据2026年的一项分析,全美财政困境最严重的10个大城市中有4个位于得克萨斯州,其中休斯顿在全国排名第二。美国喂养协会估计,2024年近五分之一的得克萨斯州居民经历了食物不安全。与此同时,联邦分析师预计,去年实施的医疗补助资格变更将导致到2034年无医疗保险的美国人增加750万。
That strain is measurable. Texas is home to four of the nation’s 10 most financially distressed major cities, including Houston, which ranks second nationwide, according to a 2026 analysis. Feeding America estimates that nearly 1 in 5 Texans experienced food insecurity in 2024. Meanwhile, federal analysts project that changes to Medicaid eligibility enacted last year will increase the number of uninsured Americans by 7.5 million by 2034.
当民主党领袖在公开场合争论如何在政治上惩罚唐纳德·特朗普、指控其腐败,或是在温和派与民主社会主义者之间的意识形态鸿沟中寻找出路时,美国南部的讲坛上却涌现出一种不同的论调。
While Democratic Party leaders publicly debate how to punish Donald Trump politically, allege corruption, or navigate the ideological divide between moderates and democratic socialists, a different argument is emerging from Southern pulpits.
从贵格会废奴主义者到“社会福音”对工业剥削的挑战,进步宗教机构曾帮助推动美国历史上一些最具深远影响的政治变革。基督教农场工人事工在1960年代加入联合农场工人组织发起的加利福尼亚葡萄抵制运动之前,早已支持移民劳工。而在争取平等公民权利的斗争中,黑人教会绝大多数发挥了领导、支撑作用,并承受了暴力的主要冲击,少数白人教派也加入了他们的行列。
From Quaker abolitionists to the Social Gospel’s challenge to industrial exploitation, progressive religious institutions have helped drive some of America’s most consequential political transformations. Christian farmworker ministries supported migrant laborers before joining the United Farm Workers’ California grape boycotts in the 1960s. And while Black churches overwhelmingly led, sustained, and suffered the brunt of violence in the fight for equal civil rights in this country, a handful of white denominations joined them.
当然,教会也曾为奴隶制、种族隔离和剥削进行辩护。残酷的现实是,贯穿美国历史,基督教始终具有政治性,并被用来为各种相互竞争的政治目的提供正当性理由。
Of course, churches defended slavery, segregation, and exploitation. The blunt reality is that throughout American history, Christianity has always been political and has been used to justify a wide variety of competing political ends.
但共和党熟练地利用了“只有他们代表美国基督徒”的认知。特朗普政府毫不掩饰地拥抱宗教象征符号,从福音派领袖在椭圆形办公室为总统祈祷,到国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯频繁援引中世纪十字军东征。
But Republicans have deftly exploited the perception that they alone speak for American Christians. The Trump administration has readily embraced religious iconography, from evangelical leaders praying over the president in the Oval Office to Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth’s frequent invocations of the medieval Crusades.

共和党确实建立了一个强大的宗教联盟,尤其是在白人福音派中,这是不争的事实。去年,非营利、无党派的公共宗教研究所(PRRI)发现,2025年,大多数共和党人符合基督教民族主义追随者或同情者的标准,而民主党人中这一比例仅为17%。
There is no way around the fact that Republicans have built a formidable religious coalition, particularly among white evangelicals. Last year, the nonprofit, nonpartisan Public Religion Research Institute, or PRRI, found a majority of Republicans qualified as either Christian nationalist adherents or sympathizers in 2025, compared with 17 percent of Democrats.
但共和党并不垄断基督教选民。皮尤研究中心本月的民调显示,73%的白人福音派新教登记选民倾向共和党众议院候选人,而74%的黑人新教徒和59%的西班牙裔天主教徒倾向民主党。表面上看,这些都不足为奇。
But Republicans don’t have a monopoly on Christian voters. Pew Research Center polling this month found 73 percent of white evangelical Protestant registered voters preferred Republican House candidates, while 74 percent of Black Protestants and 59 percent of Hispanic Catholics preferred Democrats. None of that is particularly surprising on the surface.
这也不是什么新发现的宗教觉醒。根据PRRI于4月发布的《美国宗教普查》,2025年有57%的民主党人自认是基督徒,较2013年的70%大幅下降。白人基督教左派未必在壮大,但绝非微不足道。只是长期以来,这部分群体在政治上被忽视了。
Nor is this some newly discovered religious awakening. According to PRRI’s Census of American Religion, which was published in April, 57 percent of Democrats identified as Christian in 2025, a significant drop from 70 percent in 2013. The white Christian left isn’t necessarily growing, but it’s far from insignificant. Much of it has simply been politically overlooked.
共和党惯于利用这种认知,竞选中常花大力气在宗教立场上攻击对手。
It’s a perception the GOP has routinely capitalized on, often spending a great deal of their election campaigns attacking opponents on religious ground.
周日,得克萨斯州州长格雷格·阿博特卑鄙地诽谤其民主党籍州长竞选对手、州众议员吉娜·伊诺霍萨支持“伊斯兰教法”,理由是她获得了一个穆斯林倡导团体政治分支机构的背书。
On Sunday, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott cravenly tarred his Democratic gubernatorial challenger, state Rep. Gina Hinojosa, as supporting “Sharia law,” citing an endorsement from a Muslim advocacy group’s political affiliate.
讽刺的是,伊诺霍萨和阿博特一样,都是天主教徒,且已公开表明身份。
Perhaps ironically, Hinojosa is, and has been on the record, a Catholic — same as Abbott.
“我信仰是我的道德指南针,”伊诺霍萨9月告诉《国家天主教报》,“它让我立足于使命,赋予我勇气,无论障碍或后果如何,都去做正确的事。”对于那些多年来眼睁睁看着自己的信仰被等同于他们无法认同的政治立场的人来说,挫败感或许终于正在转化为另一种东西:一种要让自己的声音被听见的决心。
“My faith is my moral compass,” Hinojosa told the National Catholic in September. “It grounds me in purpose and gives me the courage to do what is right regardless of obstacles or consequences.”For those who have spent years watching their faith become synonymous with a politics they don’t recognize, frustration may finally be giving way to something else: a determination to be heard.
有迹象表明,这一长期被忽视的宗教传统正在寻找更公开的声音。PRRI(公共宗教研究所)8月的一项研究记录了进步派基督徒在包括得克萨斯州和路易斯安那州在内的八个州组织起来反对基督教民族主义,将当地会议、宗教讨论和社区网络转化为政治行动。在其他地方,数百名神职人员加入了抗议移民执法的行列,其中一些人接受了直接行动和公民抵抗的培训。虽然这一运动在人数上可能并未增长,但其挑战政治权力的意愿日益显性化。
There are signs that this long-overlooked religious tradition is finding a more public voice. An August study by PRRI documented progressive Christians organizing against Christian nationalism in eight states, including Texas and Louisiana, channeling local meetings, religious discussions, and community networks into political action. Elsewhere, hundreds of members of the clergy have joined protests against immigration enforcement, and some have been trained in direct action and civil resistance. While the movement may not be growing in numbers, its willingness to challenge political power is increasingly visible.

已退休的得克萨斯州牧师凯瑟琳·卡德(Kathleene Card)已表示支持塔拉里科(Talarico),她对《休斯顿纪事报》(Houston Chronicle)表示:“信仰应当影响人们应对贫困、人权、环境以及社区福祉的方式。”这一切能否转化为周二的胜选仍是未知数。10月福克斯新闻(Fox News)的一项民调显示,塔拉里科和共和党人肯·帕克斯顿(Ken Paxton)在可能投票者中的支持率均为49%,但较新的民调显示塔拉里科以微弱优势领先。
As retired Texas Rev. Kathleene Card, who has thrown her support behind Talarico, told the Houston Chronicle, “faith should influence how people respond to poverty, human rights, the environment, and the well-being of their community.”Whether any of this will translate into winning on Tuesday is still an open question. An October Fox News poll put Talarico and Republican Ken Paxton at 49 percent apiece among likely voters, but newer polls show Talarico with a small lead.
在同一福克斯民调中,阿博特(Abbot)以5个百分点领先伊诺霍萨(Hinojosa),大多数针对该州长竞选的民调显示州长以微弱优势领先。
Abbott led Hinojosa by 5 percentage points in that Fox poll, and most polls in the race show the governor with a slim lead.
无论结果如何,得克萨斯州的竞选活动提供了一种不同的、更细致的方式来理解政治说服。它们还挑战了全国民主党长期以来的一个假设:即他们的选民是一个整体,受相同的议题、价值观和诉求所驱动。
No matter the result, the Texas campaigns offer a different, more nuanced way of understanding political persuasion. They also challenge a long-standing assumption among national Democrats: that their voters are a monolith, moved by the same issues, values, and appeals.
在美国农村地区和南部,选民可能正对制造出来的争论和假设性的末日预言感到厌倦,研究表明,政治广告在目前的形式下,几乎无法改变选民的想法。
Across rural America and the South, voters may be growing weary of manufactured arguments and hypothetical doomsday prophecies, with research showing that political advertising, as it stands, has little effect on changing minds at all.
对于那些愿意脚踏实地、以服务之名去做实事,而不是无休止地争论如何开始以及这是否重要的人,是值得肯定的。
There is something to be said for people willing to put boots on the ground, to do the work instead of endlessly debating how to begin and whether it matters, in the name of service.
这是一种与西部片颇为相似的道德准则:面对不公,你要为正义挺身而出,哪怕孤身一人、哪怕因你的信念而遭人嘲笑。这是一种令人联想到亚伯拉罕·林肯(甚至可能是约翰·布朗)的基督教精神。对民主党人而言,这或许是一种比他们对共和党最新闹剧那种故作姿态、无可奈何的愤懑更为持久的政治主张。竞选来来去去;竞选承诺也是如此——如果它们一开始就存在的话。但对邻人的义务始终不变。
It’s a moral code not too dissimilar to a Western: When confronted with injustice, you stand for what’s right, even if you stand alone and are ridiculed for what you believe. It’s a mode of Christianity that harkens back to Abraham Lincoln (and maybe even John Brown.) That might be a more enduring political proposition than many Democrats’ feigned, helpless aggrievance to the latest Republican spectacle. Campaigns come and go; so do their promises, if they existed in the first place. But the obligation to one’s neighbors remains.