西班牙人长期以来偏爱乘坐高铁出行，但九个月内发生的两起致命碰撞事故动摇了公众对该系统的信心。
Spaniards have long favored high-speed trains for travel, but two deadly collisions in nine months have shaken confidence in the system.
玛丽亚·赫斯托索、约瑟夫·威尔逊·萨莫拉，西班牙——几十年来，西班牙人一直是该国引以为傲的高速列车“阿维”（Ave，西班牙语意为“鸟”）的忠实用户，每年因公出差或度假都选择乘坐高铁而非开车或坐飞机。
MARÍA GESTOSO, JOSEPH WILSON ZAMORA, Spain — For decades, Spaniards have been avid users of the country’s touted high-speed trains choosing the Ave, Spanish for “bird,” over driving or flying for work trips or holidays each year.
但九个月内发生的两起毁灭性碰撞事故造成100多人死亡，动摇了公众对这个长期因速度和安全著称的铁路网的信心。
But two devastating collisions in nine months that killed more than 100 people have shaken confidence in a rail network long hailed for its speed and safety.
在西班牙中部发生一起列车相撞事故造成69人死亡、支离破碎的车厢和满身是血的幸存者画面震惊全国两天后，美联社记者采访了决定继续乘坐火车出行的旅客。
Two days after a train collision in central Spain killed 69 people and stunned the nation with horrific images of shredded carriages and bloodied survivors, an Associated Press journalist spoke to travelers who had decided to keep traveling by train.
37岁的经济学家卡拉·富恩特斯在马德里登车前往西班牙南部阿利坎特时表示：“我因公必须出行，只能坐火车，因为别无选择，但我有同事改开车去了，在真正有所改变之前他们不会再坐火车。”
“I have to travel for work and am taking the train because I don’t have another option, but I have colleagues who are going by car and won’t take another train until something really changes,” Carla Fuentes, a 37-year-old economist, said before boarding in Madrid for Alicante, in southern Spain.
富恩特斯乘坐的列车周四因列车工人为要求改善铁路安全而举行罢工而取消。
Fuentes’ train was canceled on Thursday due to a strike by train workers to demand improved rail safety.
她说罢工“可以理解”，“失去了许多生命，有很多人很愤怒。”周五乘坐从马德里前往萨莫拉的列车时，这场灾难挥之不去，即使大多数乘客对以时速300公里（186英里）疾驰这件事看得很开。
“It is understandable,” she said about the strike. “Many lives were lost and there are a lot of people who are angry.”The catastrophe was impossible to forget once aboard the train from Madrid to Zamora on Friday, even if most of the passengers were philosophical about whizzing along at 300 kph (186 mph).
列车延误50分钟后启动，列车长通过广播感谢坚持乘坐“阿维”高铁的乘客。
Once the train started after a 50-minute delay, the train conductor made an announcement to thank those who had stuck with the Ave.
他对乘客说：“我只想对你们的耐心表示感谢，对你们此时决定继续乘坐火车出行表示钦佩。”
“I only have words of thanks for your patience and admiration for your decision to continue traveling by train at this time,” he told the passengers.
西班牙首相佩德罗·桑切斯周五在事故现场承认，当局必须努力恢复铁路服务的声誉。距离大选还有四周。
Authorities admit trust in the railways is shattered Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, who faces an election in four weeks, acknowledged Friday at the crash site that authorities must work hard to restore the reputation of the rail service.
“我们对高铁的信任已被打破，政府的职责不仅是弄清出了什么问题，更要拿出解决方案，确保这种规模的悲剧不再发生，”桑切斯说。
“Trust in our high-speed railway has been broken, and the job of this government is to not only understand what went wrong but to offer the solutions so that a tragedy of this magnitude never happens again,” Sánchez said.
这起发生在托莱多省的事故，距离同一条马德里-塞维利亚线更南端发生另一起相撞事故仅过去九个月。那次事故造成49人死亡，一列火车脱轨后撞上对向而来的另一列火车。
The crash in the province of Toledo came just nine months after another collision further south on the same Madrid-Seville line killed 49 people when one train jumped the track and slammed into another coming from the opposite direction.
“我乘坐高铁很多年了，但现在我的信心受到了一些动摇，”56岁的旅客玛丽亚·罗德里格斯在前往萨莫拉的火车上说。“一年内发生两起事故，伤亡惨重。这很严重。”
“I have spent a long time traveling in high-speed trains, but now my confidence has been hurt a bit,” 56-year-old traveler María Rodríguez said on the train to Zamora. “Two accidents in one year, with a lot of casualties. That is serious.”
西班牙的列车规则高铁改变了西班牙，大幅缩短了位于西班牙中部的马德里与许多主要城市（其中许多位于沿海）之间的通勤时间。
The train rules in Spain High-speed trains have transformed Spain, sharply reducing commutes between Madrid in central Spain and major cities, many of them located on the coast.
自1992年开通首条高铁线路以来，西班牙为其4900万居民铺设了3900公里（2400英里）高铁轨道。根据国际铁路联盟数据，仅中国——为其14亿人口拥有4.5万公里（2.8万英里）高铁轨道——拥有更多高铁里程。该联盟将高铁定义为时速超过250公里（155英里）的列车。高铁现已成为商务和休闲出行最常用的方式。
Since opening its first high-speed line in 1992, Spain has laid 3,900 kilometers (2,400 miles) of high-speed track for its 49 million residents. Only China — with 45,000 kilometers (28,000 miles) for its 1.4 billion people — has more high-speed track, according to the International Union of Railways. The union defines high-speed trains as those traveling at more than 250 kph (155 mph). It is now the most common mode of travel for both business and pleasure.
据西班牙国家市场与竞争委员会数据，2024年马德里与巴塞罗那之间1300万次出行中，有900万次是乘坐高铁完成的。铁路出行正在增长：2019年至2025年间，西班牙高铁乘客数量翻了一番。
Nine million of the 13 million trips made between Madrid and Barcelona in 2024 were made by high-speed rail, according to the Spanish National Markets and Competition Commission. Rail travel is growing: The number of high-speed train passengers in Spain doubled between 2019 and 2025.
在一列老旧、缓慢的火车上，马德里和巴塞罗那之间 600 公里（385 英里）的旅程过去需要约七个小时，这意味着许多商务旅客选择乘飞机。现在这段行程只需 2 个半小时。更短的旅行时间使得许多西班牙城市之间的当日往返成为可能。
On an old, slow train, the 600-kilometer (385-mile) journey between Madrid and Barcelona used to take around seven hours, meaning many business travelers opted to take a plane. Now that trip can be done in 2 ½ hours. Shorter travel times have made day trips between many Spanish cities possible.
但西班牙在建设高铁上的巨额投入是以牺牲较慢的通勤服务为代价的，而铁路工人工会认为，政府在维护网络方面的投入还不够。
But Spain’s enormous investment in building high-speed rail has come at the expense of slower commuter services, while train workers’ unions argue that the administration has not spent enough on maintaining the network.
29 岁的数据分析师阿德里安·布拉亚乘坐萨莫拉-马德里线，他呼应了普遍的抱怨：近年来服务质量下降，延误和故障已成常态。
Adrián Blaya, a 29-year-old data analyst traveling on the Zamora-Madrid line, echoed the common complaint that the service has worsened in recent years with delays and breakdowns becoming habitual.
具有讽刺意味的是，在那场致命事故发生后，他反而比平时更有安全感。
Ironically, he felt safer than usual following the deadly crash.
“乘坐 Ave（西班牙高铁）最安全的时候就是悲剧发生之后，因为这时他们会格外小心，”他说。“今天我坐车感觉更安全，因为我知道他们会全神贯注。”
“The safest time to travel in Ave is after a tragedy because this is when they are extra careful,” he said. “Today I feel safer traveling because I know they will be focused.”