德国当局面临两难境地：阿道夫·希特勒位于巴伐利亚的山间别墅上月遭纵火袭击后化为废墟，当局究竟该重建它，还是什么都不做，指望这处纳粹遗迹逐渐湮没无闻？
German authorities face a dilemma after Adolf Hitler’s Bavarian mountain retreat was left in ruins after an arson attack last month: should they rebuild it, or do nothing in the hopes that the Nazi relic will fade into obscurity?
凯尔施泰因豪斯，又称“鹰巢”，海拔6000英尺（1834米），俯瞰德奥边境。纳粹时期，希特勒曾在此接待外国要人。
The Kehlsteinhaus, also known as the Eagle’s Nest, sits at an altitude of 6,000ft (1,834m), overlooking the border between Germany and Austria. During the Nazi years, Hitler used it to entertain foreign dignitaries.
二战结束后，它曾作为盟军指挥所，直到1960年作为历史古迹移交给巴伐利亚州。据当地媒体报道，每年吸引多达35万名国际游客。
After the Second World War, it served as an Allied command post until 1960, when it was returned to the state of Bavaria as a historical monument. It attracted up to 350,000 international visitors per year, according to local media.
警方称，10月23日纵火案的嫌疑人是一名33岁男子，有精神病史，目前被关押在一家精神病院。
Police said the suspect behind the arson attack on Oct 23 was a 33-year-old man with a history of mental illness, who was being held in a psychiatric facility.
大火未造成人员伤亡，起火时景区已对公众关闭，但损失估计达“高位个位数百万欧元”。
Nobody was injured in the blaze, which started when the site was closed to the public, but damage was estimated to be in the “high single-digit millions”.
嫌疑人被关押在精神病院 诺伯特·埃德经营该景点的餐厅和礼品店已有37年，他告诉当地媒体：“我绝大部分的心血都付之一炬了。”
The suspect is in a psychiatric facility Norbert Eder has run the attraction’s restaurant and gift shop for 37 years, and told local media that “the vast majority of my work has gone up in smoke”.
如今，位于贝希特斯加登附近的奥伯萨尔茨贝格建筑群内的该遗址已被封锁，关于能否以及如何重建的争论正在展开。当局担心可能出现非法占用、破坏或新纳粹分子朝圣，因此将在天气允许的情况下，尽快用直升机将护栏和脚手架运至山顶，保护建筑残骸，直到做出决定。
Now the site, on the Obersalzberg complex near Berchtesgaden, a mountain municipality, has been cordoned off, as debate over whether and how to rebuild it ensues. There are concerns about the possibility of squatting, vandalism or pilgrimages by neo-Nazis, so authorities will transport barriers and scaffolding to the top of the mountain by helicopter as soon as the weather permits, to protect the remains of the building until a decision is reached.
保守派的巴伐利亚州内政部长约阿希姆·赫尔曼主张重建，他说：“我们很难任由废墟矗立在那里。”然而，奥伯萨尔茨贝格文献中心主任斯文·凯勒表示，鉴于损毁程度，完美重建“根本不可能”。
Joachim Herrmann, the conservative Bavarian interior minister, advocated reconstruction, saying: “We can hardly leave the ruin standing there.”However, Sven Keller, the director of the Obersalzberg Documentation Centre, said that a perfect reconstruction was “out of the question”, owing to the extent of the damage.
在重建过程中，重要的是要采取一种方式，让游客能够与该遗址的历史建立联系。这是德国“记忆文化”（Erinnerungskultur）的一个基本组成部分，这种文化承认纳粹战争罪行，并致力于通过教育防止暴行重演。
It will be important to approach rebuilding in a way that lets visitors connect with the site’s history. This is a fundamental part of German Erinnerungskultur (memory culture), which acknowledges Nazi war crimes and endeavours to deter the repetition of atrocities through education.
布痕瓦尔德集中营纪念馆馆长延斯-克里斯蒂安·瓦格纳（Jens-Christian Wagner）对《每日电讯报》（The Telegraph）表示：“纳粹时代的建筑遗存不仅仅是遗迹，也是证据。”他说，在大火发生前，许多到访凯尔施泰因之家的游客来自美国和以色列。
Before the fire, many visitors to the Kehlsteinhaus came from the US and Israel Jens-Christian Wagner, director of the Buchenwald concentration camp, told The Telegraph: “Architectural relics from the Nazi era are not merely relics, but also pieces of evidence.
“如果不保持其原始形式，而是进行复制，它们就会失去证据价值。因此，不应建造复制品，因为这些复制品在一定意义上构成了‘伪造的历史’。”他认为，这场大火是一个将该遗址从一个保存纳粹建筑的场所转变过来的机会，并支持举办竞赛，征集如何以历史负责的方式重新利用该遗址的建议。
“They lose their evidential value if they are not preserved in their original form but are instead replicated. For this reason, no replicas should be built, as these would, in a sense, constitute ‘fake history’.”He thinks the fire is an opportunity to change the site from one which preserves Nazi architecture, and supports the idea of a competition to seek suggestions for how the site could be repurposed in a historically responsible manner.
该避暑别墅每年为该地区带来约120万欧元（约合110万英镑）的收入，游客通常来自美国和以色列。
The retreat brings around €1.2m (£1.1m) of revenue to the area a year, with visitors often coming from the United States and Israel.
在大火发生前，它是奥伯萨尔茨贝格建筑群中保存最完好的部分。希特勒的“贝格霍夫”官邸遗址也在附近，但该建筑在二战末期被英国空袭摧毁，并于1952年被植被覆盖，以防止其吸引纳粹同情者。
Until the fire, it was the most intact part of the Obersalzberg complex. The remains of Hitler’s Berghof residence are also nearby, but this was destroyed in a British air raid at the end of the Second World War, and covered with vegetation in 1952, to prevent it from attracting Nazi sympathisers.
1939年8月，意大利外交加莱亚佐·齐亚诺伯爵（左一）和阿道夫·希特勒（右一）在凯尔施泰因之家。伦敦大学学院（UCL）德国历史学教授玛丽·富尔布鲁克（Mary Fulbrook）表示，该项目充满风险：“重建一个与希特勒关系如此紧密的遗址，有可能创造出一个吸引持有纳粹意识形态的右翼同情者的焦点，并在这一令人印象深刻的环境中重现独裁者宏伟建筑的冲击力。”
Count Galeazzo Ciano (far left), the Italian foreign minister and Adolf Hitler (far right) at the Kehlsteinhaus in August 1939 Mary Fulbrook, a professor of German History at UCL, said the project was fraught with risk: “Reconstruction of a site so closely associated with Hitler risks creating a focus attractive to Right-wing sympathisers with Nazi ideology and recreating the impact of the grandiose architecture of the dictator in this impressive setting.
“另一方面，以某种方式保存废墟以提供历史背景，并仍能吸引游客，可能是对德国广泛纪念景观的一个非常有用的补充。但重要的是，也不要利用像这样的‘加害者遗址’，突显顶层的独裁权力，从而掩盖无数其他人在体制运作中参与得更广泛这一事实。”
“On the other hand, preservation of the ruin in some way to provide historical contextualisation, and still draw tourists, could be a very useful adjunct to Germany’s extensive memorial landscape. But it’s important also not to use ‘perpetrator sites’ such as this, highlighting dictatorial power at the top, to obscure the far wider involvement of innumerable others in the functioning of the system.”