Midterm elections are always a verdict on a sitting president. But the 2026 edition could become something rarer and more significant — a catalyst that points the way to a new political era.

Tuesday’s election is critical for Trump’s presidency and legacy. It could either sustain the MAGA movement’s decadelong grip on national life or initiate its decline. It could result in redemption for Democrats two years after their crushing defeat in the last presidential election. And in both parties, it will demarcate the opening chapters of the 2028 presidential race.

The midterms are the first chance for voters to place some constitutional restraints on a freewheeling president who has the most aggressive view of executive power in modern times.

If Democrats win back the House of Representatives or the Senate on Tuesday, Trump will face a seismic tide of investigations: into his conduct; his Cabinet; alleged government corruption; his legacy construction spree; turmoil at the Pentagon; and his own fortune, which has swelled since he returned to the White House.

More broadly, the election is also a referendum on nearly two divisive years in which Trump has sought to dismantle swaths of the federal government and used the power of his office to target political enemies. Abroad, he’s replaced traditional global leadership with America First nationalism while starting a new Middle East war; fraternizing with Russian and Chinese dictators; and carrying out extrajudicial killings of alleged traffickers in the Pacific and Caribbean.

But Democrats also have a lot at stake as they tried to repair a brand tarnished by high inflation and lax border security under President Joe Biden’s administration and the chaos of his aborted reelection bid.

For voters to trust them again, they must prove they’re more than just anti-Trump; they must deliver results at a frantic political moment and despite a president who will put up ferocious resistance. Failure would invite voters’ wrath in 2028.

Election Day could also turn into a crucible for US democracy itself. Trump has already challenged the conduct of elections in Alaska and California and drawn comparisons to his effort to overturn the 2020 election by signaling last week that he’d accept the results of the midterms only if he deems them fair.

But most importantly, the elections are a chance for politicians to listen to the people whom they often seem to forget they serve. Millions of Americans are desperate for relief from the costs of food, housing and healthcare and feel rising anxiety about the possible impact of AI on their job security.

Trump is the most unorthodox president of modern times. But his decision to make the election about his performance amid a deeply unpopular war and boiling public dissatisfaction with his decisions was iconoclastic even for him.

His erratic final pitch, delivered on a journey through wobbling GOP districts in red states, touched on almost everything but the economic issue voters care about most. He boasted about the new ballroom he’s building at the White House; bizarrely lauded the backside of Ohio Sen. John Husted; and lashed out with some of the most explicit anti-Muslim and bigoted rhetoric of any US election campaign.

On Sunday, the president shrugged off polls showing Democrats heavily favored to recapture the House and threatening multiple Republican senators in states he won by wide margins, instead promising a triumph for the GOP on Tuesday night.

“A vote for any Democrat anywhere in the country is a vote to put a deranged group of extremists into power and it could really hurt us, and we are not going to let anything hurt us, because we have the greatest country right now,” Trump said in Iowa. House Speaker Mike Johnson, at Trump’s side, vowed, “We are going to win and shock the world on Tuesday night. I believe it.”

But if voters react badly to Trump’s depiction of a new economic “golden age” and evident indifference to their struggles, he will be consigned to a lonely political plight — shocking even for a man once subject to multiple criminal cases. His self-themed campaign would make it an unusually personal blow, especially if his handpicked Senate candidates lose in states like Texas and Georgia.

The idea that Trumpism has permanently changed politics would be called into question, and the GOP would be plunged into soul-searching over its future direction.

And next year, the isolation would become more acute under the relentless pressure of Democratic investigations after the end of a rubber-stamp Republican Congress.

A good night for Democrats would count as a political earthquake only two years after Trump staged one of history’s greatest comebacks by beating Democratic nominee Kamala Harris to win a nonconsecutive second term.

Yet even if the party were to win both chambers, Trump will still enjoy considerable clout, including with expansive constitutional authority to conduct foreign policy. The president’s history of spurning checks and balances means he’d fight any attempt by Democrats in Congress to rein in his powers, with showdowns likely over the war, budgets and policy-making.

But if Democrats rack up the net gain of four seats needed to win the Senate, they will acquire the ability to block Trump’s campaign to complete his conservative transformation of the judiciary and potentially to fill any new Supreme Court vacancy.

And any potential Democratic majorities could also challenge Trump on his conduct of the war with Iran — which he is waging without congressional authorization — and funding for military operations if he has failed to end the conflict by the time new lawmakers are seated on January 3.

“Right now, (it) is about stabilizing the country itself and providing some check against not just an out-of-control presidency and a corrupt presidency but everyone’s costs,” Democratic Sen. Brian Schatz told CNN’s Kasie Hunt last month. “Diesel, gasoline agricultural products, consumer products … everything is up, and I think people want to see us do not everything but a few things that will take the pain out of what they’re experiencing.”But while the loss of Congress could turn Trump into a lame duck, he’s unlikely to act like one.

The history of his first term suggests pitched legal battles over congressional subpoenas and attempts by Democratic investigators to penetrate deep into the administration and trawl for evidence in his family finances.

The president’s veto power, and the requirement for 60 votes to pass major legislation in the Senate, means Trump will be able to temper Democratic hopes for sweeping change.

The midterm results will also shape the 2028 presidential race likely to explode into life as soon as the votes are counted.

A huge GOP defeat could raise doubts about whether Trumpism will outlast Trump’s political career. Potential presidential candidates such as Vice President JD Vance would confront the delicate task of separating themselves politically from a president who remains a hero to the grassroots but who, according to polls, has lost the rest of the country’s confidence on almost every issue.

Democrats lining up for a tilt at their party’s presidential nomination will parse midterm results for winning messages. Key figures such as Georgia Sen. Jon Ossoff and Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro could enhance credentials with thumping reelection wins.

The election aftermath is sure to reignite the party’s debate over ideology. If progressive candidates like Michigan Senate nominee Abdul El-Sayed win their races, movement leaders such as New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez will argue the country is ready to embrace more left-wing policies on healthcare and the economy.

The schism between progressives and moderates burst into the open on Sunday when defeated Michigan Democratic primary candidate Haley Stevens sensationally endorsed Republican nominee Mike Rogers over El-Sayed, ostensibly amid a clash over Israel.

Midterms polls also show limited public confidence that Democrats can meaningfully reorient the nation. A 2026 victory would therefore turn into a 2028 audition.

“The Democrats have to prove in 2027 they have won,” former White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel told CNN’s Brianna Keilar last week. “I’m for comprehensive hearings, follow the money, everything. Venezuela … the Russian money, the oil, all these deals,” said Emanuel, a possible 2028 Democratic presidential primary candidate.

“But if you don’t do ethics reform, you haven’t delivered change. … If you don’t deliver a rise in the minimum wage, you haven’t addressed affordability.”This is the risk for Democratic leaders: Trump’s intractability and veto power could reduce them to passing endless affordability bills that go nowhere. That won’t impress angry voters. But that’s for next year, if Democrats win.

The last rites of the midterms must first play out. And Trump still doesn’t seem to get the message. In a telling symbol of obliviousness, he’ll deliver his closing argument in Washington on Monday at the National Mall’s Reflecting Pool, which was just repaired at great expense and which showcases his legacy fixation.

With millions of Americans in need of tangible economic relief, the event may deliver an eloquent explanation of why Trump and the GOP risk a painful reckoning on Election Day.