约翰内斯堡，11月2日电 —— 南非人将于11月4日参加市政选举，基本服务、失业和犯罪是该国最大城市选民最关心的议题。
JOHANNESBURG, Nov 2 - South Africans vote in municipal elections on November 4, with basic services, unemployment and crime topping the agenda in the country's biggest cities.
在约翰内斯堡、开普敦、比勒陀利亚和德班，关注点涵盖供水供电不稳定、失业、公共安全以及缺乏负担得起的住房。以下是塑造主要大都会投票走向的一些关键议题：供水、供电与服务交付 供水短缺和供电不稳定已成为市政失败的象征，激怒选民并削弱对执政党非洲人国民大会的支持。
In Johannesburg, Cape Town, Pretoria and Durban, concerns range from unreliable water and electricity supplies to joblessness, public safety and a lack of affordable housing. Here are some of the key issues shaping the vote in the major metros: WATER, ELECTRICITY AND SERVICE DELIVERY Water shortages and unreliable electricity supplies have become symbols of municipal failures that have angered voters and eroded support for the ruling African National Congress.
据该市水务机构的年度报告，约翰内斯堡约三分之一的供水量流失，主要原因包括基础设施老化、管道爆裂、漏水和非法接管。
About a third of Johannesburg's water supply is lost, with ageing infrastructure, burst pipes, leaks and illegal connections among the main causes, according to the annual report of the city's water agency.
包含行政首都比勒陀利亚在内的茨瓦内，面临着水电网络老化和维护积压等类似挑战。
Tshwane, which includes the administrative capital Pretoria, faces similar challenges from ageing water and electricity networks and maintenance backlogs.
包含港口城市德班在内的埃特克维尼，其监管报告显示，超过一半的供水量在到达付费用户前就已流失，原因是基础设施老化、漏水和非法接管。
In eThekwini, which includes the port city of Durban, more than half of its water supply is lost before it reaches paying customers due to ageing infrastructure, leaks and illegal connections, the city's oversight report says.
开普敦已在供水、供电和交通基础设施方面投入巨资，以跟上人口增长的步伐，但长期水安全风险仍是令人担忧的问题。
Cape Town has directed significant investment towards water, electricity and transport infrastructure as it seeks to keep pace with population growth, though long-term water-security risks remain a concern.
就业与经济机会 就业仍是关键选举议题，尽管各大都会的劳动力市场状况差异巨大。
JOBS AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY Employment remains a key electoral issue, although labour-market conditions vary sharply between metros.
据南非统计局数据，约翰内斯堡失业率从一年前的33.0%升至第二季度的35.9%，茨瓦内则从30.8%升至34.2%。
Johannesburg's unemployment rate rose to 35.9% in the second quarter from 33.0% a year earlier, while Tshwane's increased to 34.2% from 30.8%, according to Statistics South Africa.
开普敦和埃特克维尼在主要大都会中失业率最低，分别为21.9%和21.2%。
Cape Town and eThekwini recorded the lowest unemployment rates among the major metros at 21.9% and 21.2%, respectively.
eThekwini 超越开普敦，成为官方失业率最低的大都会，而该市政区的就业人数在过去一年增加了约 9 万，达到 129 万。
eThekwini overtook Cape Town as the metro with the lowest official unemployment rate, while employment in the municipality increased by about 90,000 over the past year to 1.29 million.
犯罪与公共安全 尽管部分犯罪类别有所改善，犯罪仍是南非最大城市选民关注的主要问题。
CRIME AND PUBLIC SAFETY Crime remains a major voter concern across South Africa's largest cities despite improvements in some categories.
警方第一季度统计数据显示，与去年同期相比，茨瓦内的谋杀、抢劫汽车和加重抢劫案件均有下降。
Police statistics for the first quarter showed murders, carjackings and aggravated robberies declined in Tshwane from a year earlier.
在约翰内斯堡，谋杀和抢劫汽车案件也有所下降，但暴力犯罪仍处于高位。
In Johannesburg, murders and carjackings also fell, though violent crime remains high.
开普敦记录的谋杀案件比去年同期减少，但帮派暴力仍在推动城市部分地区的杀人案件发生。
Cape Town recorded fewer murders than a year earlier, but gang violence continues to drive killings in parts of the city.
在 eThekwini，抢劫汽车和加重抢劫案件下降，而谋杀和谋杀未遂案件仍维持在高位。
In eThekwini, carjackings and aggravated robberies declined, while murder and attempted murder remained elevated.
住房、负担能力与城市压力 快速城市化正给大多数市政区的经济适用房和市政服务带来压力。
HOUSING, AFFORDABILITY AND URBAN PRESSURES Rapid urbanization is placing pressure on affordable housing and municipal services in most municipalities.
开普敦吸引了大量人口和企业涌入，受益于新冠疫情后旅游业的强劲复苏，但不断上涨的房价、短期租赁和租赁需求已造成冲击。
Cape Town has attracted an influx of people and businesses, benefiting from a strong tourism recovery after the COVID pandemic, but rising property prices, short-term rentals and rental demand have taken their toll.
茨瓦内面临住房和基本服务需求不断增长的挑战，而在 eThekwini，部分社区的卫生设施积压问题依然存在。
Tshwane faces increasing demand for housing and basic services, while in eThekwini, sanitation backlogs remain a challenge in some communities.