印度对散装苏格兰威士忌进口的调查震动了价值650亿美元的市场，在印度新德里同意将此类产品的关税减半后，该调查让一项备受庆祝的具有里程碑意义的印英贸易协定成为焦点。
An investigation by India into bulk Scotch whisky imports has shaken up a $65 billion market, spotlighting a landmark India-UK trade pact celebrated after New Delhi agreed to halve tariffs on the products.
以下是关于这项自7月生效的印英自由贸易协定以来的首起重大争端的情况说明。
Here is an explainer on the first significant dispute over the India-UK free trade agreement since it took effect in July.
在为该协定7月15日实施而进行的多年漫长谈判期间，威士忌关税一直是谈判的难点。
Whisky tariffs were a sticking point during the years of protracted negotiations leading up to the deal's July 15 implementation.
根据这项历史性的贸易协定，印度同意立即将某些苏格兰威士忌进口税从150%削减至75%，并在10年内降至40%。
Under the historic trade pact, India agreed to slash import taxes on certain Scotch imports to 75% from 150% immediately, and to 40% over 10 years.
英国政府表示，包括威士忌和金酒在内的“英国标志性产品”将受益于印度的关税调整。
The British government said "iconic UK products" including whiskies and gin would benefit from India's tariff changes.
尽管印度的各邦税收和其他收费很高且全国各地有所不同，但降税仍被视为能为威士忌产品带来一些价格上的纾缓。
Though Indian state taxes and other levies are high and vary across the nation, the duty cut was still seen bringing some price relief on whisky products.
路透社报道称，印度政府正在私下与各公司（从帝亚吉欧（DGE.L）和保乐力加（PERP.PA）到拉迪科·凯坦（RADC.NS）以及联合调配与蒸馏公司（ALLE.NS））进行交涉，称其散装苏格兰威士忌进口不符合享受75%较低关税的资格。
The Indian government is arguing privately with companies — from Diageo (DGE.L) and Pernod (PERP.PA) to Radico Khaitan (RADC.NS) and Allied Blenders and Distillers (ALLE.NS) — that their bulk Scotch imports do not qualify for the lower 75% tariff, Reuters has reported.
虽然诸如格兰威特等进口瓶装苏格兰威士忌可以享受减税优惠，但印度官员争辩称，该优惠不适用于散装苏格兰威士忌——尽管该协定的关税减让表也涵盖散装进口的苏格兰威士忌，而散装苏格兰威士忌通常用于在印度制造受欢迎的威士忌品牌。
While imported bottled Scotch, like The Glenlivet, gets the reduced duty, Indian officials argue the benefit does not extend to bulk Scotch, which is often used to make popular whisky brands in India, even though the pact’s tariff schedule also covers Scotch imported in bulk.
作为调查的一部分，税务官员在最近几周搜查了许多公司的办公室，他们坚称今年早些时候为“用于制造饮料的复合酒精制剂”引入的新海关分类才适用于此类散装进口商品，并将适用旧的150%关税。行业对此表示异议。
Tax officials, who searched offices of many companies in recent weeks as part of the investigation, have asserted a new customs classification introduced earlier this year for "compound alcoholic preparations of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages" is the one that applies to such bulk imports, and attracts the old 150% tariff. The industry disagrees.
印度雅纳顾问公司（Yaana Advisors）的创始人拉日尼什·辛格（Rajnish Singh）表示：“复合酒精饮料本质上是加香或改性酒精，而散装苏格兰威士忌是用麦芽大麦和水生产的蒸馏酒精饮料。”该公司为酒类公司提供监管咨询。印度政府即将与行业举行会谈以讨论这些问题。
"Compound alcoholic beverages are essentially flavoured or modified alcohols, whereas bulk Scotch Whisky is a distilled alcoholic beverage produced with malted barley and water," said Rajnish Singh, founder of India's Yaana Advisors, which advises liquor companies on regulation. The Indian government is due to hold talks with the industry to discuss the issues.
总部位于英国的苏格兰威士忌协会的数据显示，按体量计算，印度是苏格兰威士忌最大的出口市场，2025年有相当于超过2.2亿瓶的威士忌出口到该国。
India is Scotch whisky’s largest export market by volume, with the equivalent of more than 220 million bottles exported there in 2025, according to the UK-based Scotch Whisky Association.
但行业估算显示，按体量计算，从英国进口的苏格兰威士忌中约有80%是以散装形式抵达的，用于制造受欢迎的品牌。
But around 80% of Scotch whisky imports from Britain by volume arrive in bulk to be used to make popular brands, industry estimates show.
这些进口产品的大部分用于所谓的印度制造烈酒（简称IMFL）威士忌，这是通过将一些苏格兰威士忌与其他烈酒及配料混合制成的。保乐力加、帝亚吉欧和许多印度公司都有通过这种方式制作的热门产品。
Most of those imports go into so-called Indian-Made Foreign Liquor, or IMFL whisky, created by mixing some Scotch with other spirits and ingredients. Pernod, Diageo and many Indian companies have popular offerings created this way.
例如，保乐力加的皇家施格兰（Blenders Pride）在保乐力加的网站上被描述为印度谷物烈酒与来自芝华兄弟的进口苏格兰麦芽威士忌的调配酒，“专为这个威士忌爱好者国家的品味而定制”。
Pernod's Blenders Pride, for example, is described on Pernod's website as a blend of Indian grain spirit and imported Scotch malts from Chivas Brothers, "tailored to the tastes of this nation of whisky enthusiasts".
路透社上个月报道了印度对各公司的审查后，英国政府发言人表示：“我们正与印度政府合作解决这一问题，以确保英国企业能够按照贸易协议中商定的关税进行出口。”苏格兰领导人约翰·斯温尼在上周结束的访问期间，也向印度政府提出了散装苏格兰威士忌出口的待遇问题。印度政府迄今尚未对该事件发表评论。
After the Reuters report last month on the scrutiny of companies in India, a spokesperson for the UK government said, "We are working with the government of India to resolve this issue to ensure UK businesses can export under the tariffs agreed in the trade deal." Scotland's leader John Swinney also raised the treatment of bulk Scotch whisky exports with the Indian government during a visit that ended last week. The Indian government has so far not commented on the matter.
代表保乐力加、帝亚吉欧和其他主要公司的印度国际烈酒与葡萄酒协会私下表示，分类问题有可能破坏印度和英国之间谈判达成的一项重要的市场准入利益。
The International Spirits & Wines Association of India, a group representing Pernod, Diageo and other major firms, has said privately the classification issue risks undermining an important market-access benefit negotiated between India and the UK.
印度酒精饮料公司联合会是一个国内贸易组织，它通过指出对国内制造业的打击加入了抗议行列。
The Confederation of Indian Alcoholic Beverage Companies, a domestic trade group, has joined the protest by flagging a hit to domestic manufacturing.
该组织表示，将散装苏格兰威士忌排除在降税范围之外，可能会鼓励成品威士忌的进口而非本土生产，这与印度的国内制造业推动计划背道而驰。
Excluding bulk Scotch from the tariff cut could encourage imports of finished whisky over local production, running counter to India’s domestic manufacturing push, it has said.
联合调配与蒸馏公司在上周的投资者演示中表示，它是“最大的散装苏格兰威士忌进口商之一”，并且英国协定将改善其“奢侈品组合的可及性”。
Allied Blenders said in an investor presentation last week it is “one of the largest bulk Scotch importers” and the UK pact would improve its “luxury portfolio accessibility”.