孟加拉国服装行业工人已连续三天陷入暴乱。他们封锁公路、破坏车辆（包括警车）、与警察发生冲突、烧毁一座仓库并破坏一家工厂。这场要求提高工资的暴力抗议已让该国至关重要的制造业大部分骤然停摆。抗议周一进入第三天，正值该国长期经济放缓之际，且距离前总理谢赫·哈西娜宣称将从印度流亡地返回孟加拉国仅一步之遥。
Garment industry workers in Bangladesh have been on the rampage for the last three days. They blocked highways, vandalised vehicles, including police cars, clashed with cops, burnt down a warehouse and vandalised a factory. The violent protests, demanding higher wages, have brought large parts of its vital manufacturing sector to a standstill. The protests, which continued for the third day on Monday, come amid a prolonged economic slowdown, and just ahead of former prime minister Sheikh Hasina's proclaimed return to Bangladesh from exile in India.
世界银行预测，2025—26财年孟加拉国GDP增速仅为3.4%，为2020年新冠疫情年以来最慢增速。随着通胀上升、工资停滞，工人走上街头，政府指责谢赫·哈西娜领导的人民联盟及“几名来自边境另一侧的人”煽动暴力。
The World Bank has projected a GDP growth of just 3.4% in FY2025–26 for Bangladesh, the slowest pace of growth since the Covid year of 2020. As workers take to the streets amid rising inflation and stagnant wages, the government has accused Sheikh Hasina's Awami League and "several people from across the border" of instigating the violence.
多位专家指出，自2024年8月5日哈西娜被迫下台后，孟加拉国经济走下坡路。在哈西娜执政期间，作为孟加拉国经济支柱的成衣产业实现大规模增长。据路透社引用的数据，该行业雇佣约400万工人，占孟加拉国出口收入的80%，贡献约10%的GDP。
Several experts have suggested that Bangladesh's economy went downhill after Hasina was forced out on August 5, 2024. It was under Hasina that the ready-made garment industry, the backbone of Bangladesh's economy, grew massively. The sector employs around four million workers, accounts for 80% of Bangladesh's export earnings and contributes about 10% of its GDP, according to data cited by Reuters.
然而，成衣行业目前面临重大冲击，周末数百家工厂关闭，近百万工人受影响。尽管部分工厂周一复工，但抗议活动仍在达卡及其他主要成衣中心持续。政府还指责现已被禁的人民联盟策划骚乱，距离哈西娜计划返回仅剩一个月。
However, the ready-made garment sector is now facing major disruption, with hundreds of factories shutting down over the weekend and nearly a million workers affected. Although some factories reopened on Monday, protests continued across Dhaka and other major garment hubs. The government has also accused the now-banned Awami League of orchestrating the unrest, just a month before Hasina's planned return.
警察在达卡向封锁道路抗议、要求提高最低工资的服装工人发射催泪弹，摄于11月1日。抗议风暴席卷孟加拉国服装重镇从10月31日开始，孟加拉国主要工业中心发生服装工人与警察冲突、纵火袭击和封锁道路事件。在10月下半月举行数次示威后，骚乱在周末升级。
Cops fire tear gas shells as garment workers block a road during a protest calling for higher minimum wages in Dhaka on November 1.PROTESTS ROCK BANGLADESH'S GARMENT HUBSClashes between garment workers and police, arson attacks and road blockades have rocked Bangladesh's major industrial hubs, beginning on October 31. After several demonstrations in the second half of October, the unrest escalated over the weekend.
在孟加拉国最大成衣制造中心之一的加济布尔，工人于10月31日封锁达卡-坦盖尔公路后多次与警察发生冲突。《第一报》报道，警方使用警棍和催泪气体驱散抗议者，造成至少30人受伤，抗议者破坏了15辆车辆，包括一辆警车。
In Gazipur, one of Bangladesh's largest ready-made garment hubs, workers clashed repeatedly with police after blocking the Dhaka-Tangail Highway on October 31. At least 30 people were injured as police used baton charges and tear gas to disperse protesters, who vandalised 15 vehicles, including a police car, Prothom Alo reported.
次日，暴力在达卡米尔普尔升级，工人封锁米尔普尔-10路口并与警察冲突。《第一报》和孟加拉联合通讯社报道，抗议者向安全部队投掷砖石，警方以催泪气体、水炮和警棍回应。一辆警车在米尔普尔-11地铁站下方被烧毁，米尔普尔和帕拉比地铁站暂时关闭。
The violence intensified the following day in Dhaka's Mirpur, where workers blocked the Mirpur-10 intersection and clashed with police. Protesters hurled bricks and stones at security personnel, who responded with tear gas, water cannons and baton charges, Prothom Alo and United News of Bangladesh reported. A police vehicle was set on fire beneath the Mirpur-11 metro station, while stations in Mirpur and Pallabi were temporarily closed.
在加济布尔，抗议者焚毁科纳巴里一座警察岗亭、卡利亚凯尔一处服装废料仓库和一辆皮卡车。在邻近的萨瓦尔和阿舒利亚，工厂厂房遭破坏，海迈特普尔一家服装厂的保安亭被纵火。骚乱还导致达卡-坦盖尔和达卡-阿里查公路交通中断。
In Gazipur, protesters torched a police box in Konabari, a garment-waste warehouse and a pickup van in Kaliakair. In neighbouring Savar and Ashulia, factory premises were vandalised and a security booth at a garment factory in Hemayetpur was set on fire. The unrest also disrupted traffic on the Dhaka-Tangail and Dhaka-Aricha highways.
抗议于11月2日继续。《每日星报》报道，警方驱散试图在米尔普尔走上街头的工人，《第一报》报道加济布尔达卡-坦盖尔公路出现新的封锁。孟加拉边防军（BGB）10个排被部署至该区。骚乱严重扰乱了服装生产。
Protests continued on November 2. The Daily Star reported that police dispersed workers attempting to take to the streets in Mirpur, while Prothom Alo reported a fresh blockade of the Dhaka-Tangail Highway in Gazipur. Ten platoons of the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) were deployed in the district. The unrest has severely disrupted garment production.
BBC孟加拉语服援引孟加拉国成衣制造商及出口商协会的消息报道，加济布尔、萨瓦尔-阿舒利亚、达卡和乌塔拉至少529家工厂在周末宣布放假，987,190名工人离开了工作岗位。尽管部分工厂周一复工，路透社报道称，由于动荡持续，制造商仍感到不确定。孟加拉国成衣工人为何抗议？
BBC Bangla, citing the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association, reported that at least 529 factories across Gazipur, Savar-Ashulia, Dhaka and Uttara declared holidays over the weekend, with 987,190 workers leaving their workplaces. Although some factories resumed operations on Monday, Reuters reported that manufacturers remained uncertain as the unrest continued.WHY ARE BANGLADESH'S GARMENT WORKERS PROTESTING?
抗议的核心是要求提高工资。据《每日星报》报道，成衣工人要求月最低工资为30,000塔卡，是现行12,500塔卡的两倍多。不断上涨的食品、住房、交通和医疗费用持续侵蚀着他们的购买力。
At the heart of the protests is a demand for higher wages. According to The Daily Star, garment workers are seeking a monthly minimum wage of Tk 30,000, more than double the existing Tk 12,500. Rising food, housing, transport and healthcare costs have steadily eroded their purchasing power.
上一次最低工资调整发生在2023年12月，当时从8,000塔卡上调至12,500塔卡。
The last revision of the minimum wage took place in December 2023, when it was raised from Tk 8,000 to Tk 12,500.
这一诉求出台之际，孟加拉国正经历长期经济放缓。世界银行将自2023年以来的增长放缓归因于结构性制约，包括能源部门问题、金融部门脆弱性和国内收入动员疲弱。
The demand comes amid a prolonged economic slowdown in Bangladesh. The World Bank has attributed the deceleration in growth since 2023 to structural constraints, including problems in the energy sector, financial-sector vulnerabilities and weak domestic revenue mobilisation.
在10月6日的预测中，世界银行预计2025-26财年和2026-27财年GDP增长率均为3.4%，理由是投资疲软、出口下降、通胀居高不下和公共投资减少。该行还警告称，就业创造已停滞，物价上涨在2025-26财年额外将210万人推入贫困。
In its October 6 projections, the World Bank forecast GDP growth of 3.4% in both FY2025-26 and FY2026-27, citing weak investment, declining exports, elevated inflation and reduced public investment. It also warned that job creation had stalled, and rising prices had pushed an additional 2.1 million people into poverty in FY2025-26.
放缓也波及了成衣行业工人。《每日星报》10月22日发表的报道指出，许多成衣工人不得不每天工作16小时，以赚取每月19,000至20,000塔卡，勉强够支付家庭开支。
The slowdown has also affected workers in the garment sector. A Daily Star report published on October 22 noted that many garment workers were having to put in 16-hour shifts to earn Tk 19,000 to Tk 20,000 a month, barely enough to cover their families' expenses.
但满足提高工资的要求说起来容易做起来难。孟加拉国针织制造商及出口商协会（BKMEA）主席对BBC孟加拉语服表示：“从2013年到2023年，工资已分三个阶段上调。
But meeting the demand for higher wages will be easier said than done. The president of the Bangladesh Knitwear Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BKMEA) told BBC Bangla: "Wages have been increased in three phases from 2013 to 2023.
“如果此后最低工资上调至3万塔卡，许多工厂将倒闭，因为许多雇主将无力支付这笔工资。”工人们在纳拉扬甘杰一家工厂的缝纫车间作业。政府认为工人骚乱背后有人民联盟身影针对持续的骚乱，劳工部长阿里夫·哈克·乔杜里于周日（11月1日）宣布成立一个由六名成员组成的最低工资委员会，并敦促抗议工人复工。
If the minimum wage is increased to Tk 30,000 after that, many factories will close because many employers will not be able to pay this amount of wages." Workers operate at the sewing section of a factory, in Narayanganj.GOVERNMENT SEES AWAMI LEAGUE BEHIND WORKER UNRESTIn response to the continuing unrest, Labour Minister Ariful Haque Chowdhury announced the formation of a six-member minimum wage board on Sunday, November 1, while urging protesting workers to return to work.
《每日星报》报道，该委员会包括雇主代表、工人代表和独立人士。然而，这一宣布未能平息骚乱，达卡及其他工业中心随即出现新的抗议和路障封锁。政府越来越多地将示威归咎于政治干预。周日晚间，总理塔里克·拉赫曼在与内阁部长举行紧急会议后，指示有关部门在保障工人利益的同时，确保服装行业生产不中断。
The board includes representatives of employers, workers and an independent category, The Daily Star reported. However, the announcement failed to quell the unrest, with fresh protests and road blockades reported in Dhaka and other industrial hubs. The government has increasingly blamed political interference for the demonstrations. Following an emergency meeting with cabinet ministers late on Sunday, Prime Minister Tarique Rahman directed authorities to protect workers' interests while ensuring uninterrupted production in the garment sector.
内政部长萨拉乌丁·艾哈迈德指称，来自“跨境”的人员在煽动工人制造骚乱、扰乱服装生产和出口，BBC孟加拉语频道报道。《每日星报》周一进一步报道，艾哈迈德指称，与人民联盟有关联的工厂主，包括前部长和前议员，均在煽动工人骚乱之列。与此同时，劳工部长乔杜里指称，与人民联盟有关联的势力是骚乱背后的推手。“很明显，人民法西斯分子考虑到12月，已参与这些活动。
Home Minister Salahuddin Ahmed alleged that people from "across the border" were encouraging workers to create unrest and disrupt garment production and exports, BBC Bangla reported. The Daily Star further reported on Monday that Ahmed alleged that factory owners linked to the Awami League, including former ministers and lawmakers, are among those instigating unrest among workers. Labour Minister Chowdhury, meanwhile, alleged that forces associated with the Awami League were behind the unrest. "It is clear that the people of Awami fascism have indulged in these things with December in mind.
这就是总理指示所有人保持警惕的原因，以确保服装行业的生产不受干扰，不制造动荡，”他对BBC Bangla（BBC孟加拉语频道）表示。
That is why the Prime Minister has instructed everyone to be vigilant so that production in the garment sector is not disrupted and instability is not created," he told BBC Bangla.
背景方面，人民联盟的女族长、前总理谢赫·哈西娜于2024年8月逃往印度，她承诺将于今年12月返回孟加拉国，尽管她面临国际罪行法庭（ICT）因“危害人类罪”判处的死刑。
周一，指控进一步升级，塔里克的政治助手拉希德·汗指责伊斯兰大会党（Jamaat-e-Islami）和国民公民党（NCP）煽动抗议，同时声称人民联盟和学生联盟的活动人士乔装成服装工人参加了示威。
For context, the Awami League's matriarch, ex-PM Sheikh Hasina, who fled to India in August 2024, has pledged to return to Bangladesh in December this year, even as she faces a death sentence handed to her by the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) for "crimes against humanity".The allegations went further on Monday, when Tarique's political assistant, Rashed Khan, accused Jamaat-e-Islami and the National Citizen Party (NCP) of instigating the protests, while claiming that Awami League and Chhatra League activists had joined demonstrations posing as garment workers."
“已有多名人民联盟和学生联盟成员因纵火案被捕。但人民联盟煽动纵火，伊斯兰大会党领袖（Ameer）难道不应该被绳之以法吗？”汗在Facebook上发问。
Several people from Awami League and Chhatra League have already been arrested in connection with the arson. But shouldn't the Jamaat Ameer be brought under the law as the instigator of arson by the Awami League," asked Khan on Facebook.
然而，达卡方面尚未提供证据指向蓄意阴谋。无论如何，对孟加拉国而言，当前的挑战有二：恢复对其出口经济至关重要的行业生产，同时解决导致劳动力走上街头的工资和工作条件问题。——完——（撰稿：Shounak Sanyal）
Dhaka, however, is yet to provide evidence pointing to a deliberate conspiracy. In any case, for Bangladesh, the immediate challenge is twofold: restoring production in an industry that is critical to its export economy, while addressing the wage and working conditions that have brought its workforce onto the streets.- Ends(Written by Shounak Sanyal)