乌克兰在该国汽油短缺刚刚缓解之际，恢复了对俄罗斯炼油厂的打击，加油站前的长队已因进口增加和国内炼油产能部分恢复而消失。
Ukraine has resumed strikes on Russian oil refineries just as the country’s gasoline shortages have eased, with long queues at filling stations gone amid rising imports and a partial recovery in domestic refining.
周末，基辅方面的部队袭击了乌法——那里有俄罗斯石油公司（Rosneft PJSC）的三座炼油厂，以及伏尔加地区的一处工业设施，卢克石油公司（Lukoil PJSC）的诺尔西炼油厂位于那里。周五对俄罗斯萨马拉地区的袭击，是约两周来首次确认的针对俄罗斯燃料工厂的打击。
Over the weekend, Kyiv’s forces struck Ufa, home to three of Rosneft PJSC’s oil refineries, as well as an industrial site in the Volga region where Lukoil PJSC’s Norsi refinery is located. A strike on Friday in Russia’s Samara region was the first confirmed attack on a Russian fuel plant in about two weeks.
此次重启袭击之际，俄罗斯司机和燃料生产商正从几十年来最严重的汽油短缺中恢复，那场短缺今夏在乌克兰加大对炼油厂打击力度、试图遏制克里姆林宫收入并将普京总统发动的战争引向俄罗斯腹地后出现。
The renewed attacks come as Russian drivers and fuel producers are recovering from the worst gasoline shortages in decades, which hit this summer after Ukraine stepped up attacks on refineries in an effort to curb the Kremlin’s revenue and bring the war that President Vladimir Putin started deeper into Russia.
就在几个月前，俄罗斯司机还要花数小时排队加油，或在黎明前起床抢占最近加油站的首个车位。如今，随着供应改善，那些长队已消失。尽管加油站零售价仍显著高于年初水平，但加油恢复相对正常已带来一些缓解。
Just a few months ago, Russian drivers were spending hours waiting to fill their tanks or waking up before dawn to be the first in line at the nearest petrol station. Now, those lines have vanished as supplies have improved. While domestic prices at the pump remain significantly higher than at the start of the year, the return to relatively normal refueling has already brought some relief.
俄罗斯司机越来越多地在燃油追踪应用、网站和Telegram频道的论坛上讨论拥堵、封路和日常琐事，这些平台原本是用来交换汽柴油供应信息的。
Russian drivers are increasingly using forums on fuel-tracking apps, websites and Telegram channels once intended to swap information on gasoline and diesel availability to discuss traffic jams, road closures and everyday life instead.
“现在汽油有了，我们聊什么？顺便说一句，十月的天气真好，”叶卡捷琳堡一名用户在热门网站GdeBenz的聊天群里写道，该城市是乌拉尔地区的主要工业中心。
“Now that gasoline is available, what shall we talk about? The weather is great for October, by the way,” one user from Yekaterinburg, a major industrial hub in the Urals region, wrote in a chat on the popular GdeBenz website.
俄罗斯最大民营石油生产商卢克石油公司甚至推出优惠：在其便利店消费满100卢布（约合1.24美元）的顾客可享受柴油小额折扣，就在几周前这还难以想象。
Lukoil, Russia’s largest private oil producer, is even offering a small discount on diesel for customers that spend 100 rubles ($1.24) or more in their convenience stores, a move that would have been hard to imagine just a few weeks ago.
这与夏季形成了鲜明对比，当时炼油厂在袭击中受损，被迫停产或大幅削减产量，导致全国原油加工率降至多年低点，并引发了俄罗斯全国范围的抢购潮，加油站油价飙升。除了挤压家庭预算外，较高的燃料价格还传导至广泛行业的生产和运输成本，给国家经济带来了压力。
That’s a dramatic contrast to the summer, when refineries damaged in strikes halted or slashed their operations, pushing the nation’s crude-processing rates to multi-year lows and sparking panic buying across Russia as prices at the pump skyrocketed. As well as squeezing household budgets, higher fuel prices fed through to production and transportation costs across a broad range of industries, putting pressure on the nation’s economy.
这促使俄罗斯当局直接干预。地方州长推出了限购措施，联邦政府禁止了大部分道路燃料出口，鼓励进口，并向国内炼油厂每月提供数十亿美元补贴。
That prompted Russian authorities to intervene directly. Regional governors introduced rationing while the federal government banned most exports of road fuels, encouraged imports and sent billions of dollars in monthly subsidies to domestic refiners.
这一战略似乎正在缓慢见效。据联邦统计局数据，10月下旬，俄罗斯平均零售汽油价格录得全年最大单周跌幅。不过，数据显示，价格仍比2026年初高出近20%。
The strategy appears to be slowly yielding results. In late October, average retail gasoline prices in Russia posted their biggest weekly decline of the year, according to the Federal Statistics Service. To be sure, prices were still nearly 20% higher than at the start of 2026, the data showed.
俄罗斯一直在逐步将石油行业的关键绩效信息列为机密，但仍可获得的官方数据显示，9月份几种主要石油产品的同比降幅有所收窄。10月中旬，俄罗斯副总理亚历山大·诺瓦克表示，该国汽油缺口已缩小至消费量的约5%。
Russia has been gradually classifying key information on the performance of its oil industry, but official data that remains available indicates that year-on-year declines in output for several major oil products eased in September. In mid-October, Russia’s Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak said the country’s gasoline shortfall had narrowed to about 5% of consumption.
为维持国内市场供应，该国一直在增加海运汽油进口。据彭博汇编的Kpler数据，10月俄罗斯海运汽油进口量估计约为日均8.9万桶，较7月增加约9倍。数据显示，7月至10月期间，海运汽油进口总量达779万桶，土耳其、摩洛哥和印度成为主要供应国。这还不包括从白俄罗斯扩大的陆路燃料进口。
The country has been increasing seaborne gasoline imports to keep the domestic market supplied. In October, Russia was estimated to have received about 89,000 barrels a day by sea, roughly nine times more than in July, according to Kpler data compiled by Bloomberg. Between July and October, seaborne gasoline imports totaled 7.79 million barrels, with Turkey, Morocco and India emerging as the main suppliers, the data showed. That comes on top of expanded overland fuel imports from Belarus.
俄罗斯的燃料生产商和消费者尚未脱离困境。尽管在乌克兰无人机袭击短暂暂停期间，到10月底已有更多炼油产能恢复运行，但据咨询公司Energy Intelligence估算，平均原油加工率仍远低于季节性常态。
Russia’s fuel producers and consumers aren’t out of the woods. Although more refining capacity had returned online by late October during the brief pause in Ukrainian drone strikes, average crude-processing rates remained well below seasonal norms, according to estimates from consultancy Energy Intelligence.
乌克兰对俄罗斯炼油厂的最新袭击进一步令前景蒙上阴影。目前尚不清楚乌法地区的哪些设施遭到袭击，也不清楚受损程度，但据彭博汇编的数据，该市三座石油加工设施的总加工能力约为每天47万桶。周日可能遭袭的Norsi工厂设计产能为每天34万桶。尽管道路燃料供应有所改善，司机们依然保持谨慎。
Ukraine’s latest attacks on Russian oil refineries further cloud the outlook. It’s not clear what was struck in the Ufa region or what the damage was, but the three oil-processing facilities in the city have a combined processing capacity of some 470,000 barrels a day, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The Norsi plant that was potentially targeted on Sunday has a design capacity of 340,000 barrels a day. Despite the improved supplies of road fuel, drivers remain cautious.
“只要俄罗斯各地炼油厂遭袭持续，这个网站就会一直有用，”一名来自乌法的用户在GdeBenz聊天群中写道。
“As long as attacks on refineries continue across Russia, this website will be relevant,” a user from Ufa wrote in the GdeBenz chat.