巴黎（法国）——研究人员表示，尽管法国高中生可能在随后蔓延至比利时、德国、意大利、葡萄牙和西班牙的青年抗议中起到了带头作用，但他们针对共同担忧的未来——生活成本上升、住房难以负担，甚至连找工作都充满不确定性——起到了“催化剂”作用。
Paris (France) – Although French high schoolers may have taken the lead in the youth protests that have since spread to Belgium, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain, they acted like "a catalyst" for their shared concerns over their future, researchers say, pointing to higher living costs, unaffordable housing and the uncertainty of them even getting a job.
欧洲各国已被一波由年轻人发起的抗议浪潮席卷，他们对飙升的生活成本感到愤怒，且对传统机构缺乏信任。
Countries across Europe have been swept by a wave of protests by young people angry at the spiralling cost of living who have little trust in traditional institutions.
虽然当地的不满情绪助长了事态，但上周末将数十万人带上法国、比利时、西班牙、意大利和德国街头的运动，都由整个大陆共同面临的问题联系在一起，例如高得离谱的住房成本、微薄的薪酬和气候危机。
While local grievances have fuelled the fire, the movements that brought hundreds of thousands to the streets of France, Belgium, Spain, Italy and Germany at the weekend are all linked by shared continent-wide issues such as sky-high housing costs, poor pay and the climate crisis.
延伸阅读“让我们夺回未来”：数千人在意大利抗议生活成本上涨 学校、大学 中小学生和大学生发现自己置身于这些抗议的最前线。
Read more'Let's reclaim our future': Thousands protest in Italy over rising living costs Schools, universities School and university students have found themselves at the front line of these protests.
导火索于9月中旬点燃，当时法国高中生走上街头，要求提供更多更好的设施，并结束不透明的大学招生制度。
The spark was lit in mid-September, when French high school students took to the streets to demand better and more facilities, and an end to an opaque university admissions system.
“这是一场欧洲运动，但法国起到了催化剂作用，”社会运动史学家西尔万·布卢克表示。
"It's a European movement but France served as the catalyst," said Sylvain Boulouque, a historian of social movements.
经过数周的集会，法国抗议活动于10月17日吸引了至少55万人，这场以和平为主的示威迅速被抢劫、纵火和与警方的冲突所掩盖。
After weeks of rallies, the French protests drew at least 550,000 people on October 17, with the largely peaceful demonstrations swiftly eclipsed by episodes of looting, arson and clashes with the police.
四天后在希腊，超过1万人在多个城市集会，一些人手举标语，口号同时用希腊语和法语书写。
Four days later in Greece, more than 10,000 people rallied across several cities, with some bearing placards with slogans written in both Greek and French.
“这些问题是各个欧洲国家共同面临的，”一名抗议者、塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学物理专业学生菲利普斯·阿尔门坚称。“不确定性”比利时社会学家杰弗里·普莱尔斯（Geoffrey Pleyers）表示，在整个欧洲大陆，许多人发现自己直面着“一种已经精疲力竭的模式”。
"The problems are shared between various European countries," insisted one protester, Filippos Armen, a physics student at Thessaloniki's Aristotle University. 'Uncertainty' Across the continent, many people have found themselves face-to-face with "a model that has run out of steam", said Belgian sociologist Geoffrey Pleyers.
这位鲁汶天主教大学的社会运动专家说：“摆在他们面前的，充其量是一份工作，而对许多人来说，还是一份不稳定的工作。”
"What they're being offered is, at best, a job, and for many, a precarious one," said the specialist in social movements at the Catholic University of Louvain.
与此同时，由于高昂的住房成本以及与气候危机相关的风险，他们的学业不再能保证他们父母曾享有的生活水平。
At the same time, their studies no longer guarantee the standard of living their parents enjoyed, as a result of high housing costs and the risks linked to the climate crisis.
房租上涨 这位研究人员补充说，在西班牙、葡萄牙和希腊等地的许多抗议活动中，住房是“一个核心要素”，因为它直接关系到购买力和“日益不平等的财富分配”。
Rising rents In many of the protests, as in Spain, Portugal and Greece, housing is "a central element" because it is directly tied to purchasing power and "an ever-more unequal distribution of wealth", the researcher added.
另一方面，政治学家玛丽亚姆·马丁内斯-巴斯库南（Mariam Martinez-Bascunan）认为，“不满情绪更多是由不确定性而非贫困助长的”。
On the other hand, political scientist Mariam Martinez-Bascunan argued that "discontent is fuelled more by uncertainty than by poverty".
这位马德里自治大学的教授在接受西班牙RTVE电视台采访时，指出了法国抗议活动画面和葡萄牙住房权活动人士帐篷营地的“传染效应”。
Speaking to Spain's RTVE television, the professor at the Autonomous University of Madrid pointed to the "contagion effect" of images of protests in France and of tent encampments of housing rights activists in Portugal.
“被牺牲”的一代 在布卢克（Boulouque）看来，“年轻人敏锐地意识到了”前几代人留下的“债务和环境问题的分量”，并因此产生了“被牺牲的感觉”。
'Sacrificed' generation For Boulouque, "young people are acutely conscious of the weight of the debt and environmental problems" left by previous generations and have "the feeling of being sacrificed" as a result.
布卢克还在一所高中任教，他指出了法国课堂禁带手机带来的一项意想不到的副作用：“学生们开始重新社交，并抬起头来，看看他们的学习条件究竟恶化到了什么程度。”
Boulouque, who also teaches in a high school, pointed to an unexpected side effect of the ban on mobile phones in French classrooms: "Students began to socialise again and lifted their heads to see just how far their working conditions have worsened".
在德国，在与俄罗斯关系紧张之际，可能重新引入兵役制度也导致许多年轻人加入了抗议活动。
In Germany, the possible reintroduction of military service at a time of tensions with Russia has also led many young people to join the protests.
不平等 在欧洲正准备在接下来的一年里迎来西班牙、法国、意大利和希腊的一波关键选举之际，青年抗议活动触动了广大公众的神经。
Inequalities The youth protests have struck a nerve with the wider public, at a time when Europe is gearing up for a wave of key elections in Spain, France, Italy and Greece over the coming year.
法国学生与在2018至2019年组织过上一轮抗议生活成本运动的“黄马衣”运动汇合，而在意大利，反对高油价的司机和农民加入了周五集会中的年轻示威者。
The French students were joined by the yellow vest movement, which organised a previous round of protests against the cost of living in 2018-19, while in Italy, drivers and farmers opposed to the high price of petrol joined the young demonstrators at Friday's rallies.
普莱耶尔表示，另一个共同的不满是广泛存在的“不被倾听”的感觉，这导致普通民众与国家之间日益产生“距离感”和“脱节”。除此之外，人们还普遍感到社会变得不平等和不公正。
Another shared grievance is the widespread feeling of not being listened to, which is leading to an increasing "distance" and "dissociation" between ordinary people and the state, said Pleyers. On top of that is the sense that society has become unequal and unfair.
普莱耶尔补充道：“父母生活优渥的年轻人过着更舒适的生活，相反，那些来自更不稳定背景的人，如今的生活要艰难得多。”
"Young people whose parents live comfortably have a more comfortable life and, conversely, those who come from more precarious backgrounds have a much harder life today," Pleyers added.